MUSCLES nursing PDF

 INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES (ILO) By the end of this lecture the student will be able to: Classify muscles according to type Classify the skeletal muscles according to shape, arrangement of fibers and function List modes of attachment of muscles...

 INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES (ILO) By the end of this lecture the student will be able to: Classify muscles according to type Classify the skeletal muscles according to shape, arrangement of fibers and function List modes of attachment of muscles 3 Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I  Types of muscles A. Skeletal muscles B. Cardiac muscles C. Smooth muscles medlineplus.gov Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 4  MUSCLES Types of Muscles Cardiac Skeletal muscles muscles+ + Smooth muscles Comparison between three types of muscles Smooth Cardia Skeletal c  MUSCLES Types of Muscles Smooth muscles (plain, involuntary, unstraited, visceral): These are the muscles of the respiratory, alimentary and vascular systems. Smooth muscles are supplied by the autonomic nervous system Cardiac muscles (involuntary but striated): the muscles of the heart. They are capable of sustained rhythmic contraction by their inherent myogenic property. They are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscles (striated, voluntary): They form the main bulk of our bodies, They are called skeletal as they are attached mainly to the skeleton. They are called striated because microscopically they show alternating light and dark bands. They are controlled by the somatic nervous system.  SMOOTH MUSCLES Involuntary Unstriated Visceral e.g. most of the respiratory, alimentary & vascular systems Contract by autonomic nerve impulse or by hormonal stimulation depending on the organ www.thinglink.com Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 8  CARDIAC MUSCLE It is the heart muscle Involuntary The autonomic nervous system regulates the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle & glands. www.thinglink.com Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 9  SKELETAL MUSCLES Produce movements of the skeleton Their contraction is initiated by one’s own will ( voluntary) Histologically they show transverse striations www.proteinatlas.org Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 10  corewalking.com Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 11  Attachment of skeletal muscles Every muscle has Origin a) Origin: Belly b) Insertion: c) Belly The origin and insertion may take the form of: Insertion Tendon 1. Tendon: Cord or band of dense bundles of fibrous tissue. 2. Aponeurosis: Flat sheet of densely arranged fibrous tissue. N.B.: a –Muscles of both sides may meet in the middle line and inserted into each other forming raphe. Aponeurosis a thin fibrous line called a raphe  Way of attachment of a muscle 1. By tendon: e.g. tendocalcaneus 2. By fleshy fibers :e.g. popliteus 3. By raphae: fibrous band separates fleshy muscles from each other 4. By aponeurosis : a flat fibrous sheet e.g. aponeurosis of external oblique Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 13  tendocalcaneus rad.washington.edu www.memorangapp.com Popliteus (fleshy fibers) www.yorku.ca Aponeurosis of External Oblique www.lifepersona.com Mylohyoid raphe Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 14  Arrangement of Muscle Fibers in Skeletal Muscles Parallel Triangular Pennate 1. Parallel (fusiform) type: the muscle fibers are parallel to each other, e.g. sartorius muscle. sartorius muscle. THYROHYO D SARTORIU S  2. Triangular type: The muscle fibers converge into a narrow terminal tendon, e.g., temporalis muscle. temporalis muscle. 3. Pennate (feather-like) type: the muscle fibers run obliquely to become attached to the sides of the tendon: Unipennate Bipennate DI Multipennate Circumpennate T A DELTOID FP L  Pennate (feather-like) type a – Unipennate: The muscle fibers lie on one side of the tendon, e.g., flexor pollicis longus b – Bipennate: The muscle fibers lie on both sides of the tendon, e.g., dorsal interossei muscles. c – Multipennate: The muscle contains a series of tendinous intersections. The muscle fibers are attached to the sides of the intersections in a bipennate arrangement, e.g., deltoid muscle. d – Circumpennate: the muscle fibers are arranged radially around a central tendon, e.g., tibialis anterior muscle.  FORMS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Parallel type: its fibers extend along the whole length of the muscle. They have a greater range of contraction e.g. rectus abdominis & sartorius www.knowyourbody.net Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 18 1. Parallel type:  Quadrilateral→ quadratus femoris  Fusiform→ biceps brachii  Strap like→ sartorius  Strap like with tendinous intersections→ rectus abdominis www.thinglink.com Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 19 2-Oblique fibers: The range of movement is less than the parallel but the force is more. A) Pennate; unipennate, bipennate, multipennate & circumpennate B) Triangular Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 20  sites.google.com FORMS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 21  www.mananatomy.com FORMS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 22 Triangle fibers: Fibers converge from a wide attachment to a narrow terminal tendon, e.g. temporalis Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 23  5) Circular healthfixit.com Fibers form a complete circle, e.g. orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 24  Muscle contraction The longer the muscle fibers as in the parallel type , the greater is the range of contraction. The greater the number of muscle fibers as in the pennate type, the greater is the power of contraction. Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 25  Muscles are divided according to action into the following : 1. Prime mover (agonist) → the main muscle that initiates the movement 2. Antagonist → muscles that produce opposite action of the agonist 3. Synergist → muscles that assist the prime mover in their action 4. Fixator → fixes unwanted movement if prime mover is working on 2 or more joints Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 26  http://bodytonicpilates.com Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 27  Nerve supply & Blood supply of skeletal muscles Nerve supply to a skeletal muscle is mixed: 40% is sensory, 58% is motor and 2% sympathetic Blood supply: 1. Chief artery enters the muscle with the nerve 2. Veins have valves and when muscles contract, venous blood is pumped to the heart 3. Lymph vessels run with the arteries and veins Saturday, November 2, 2024 Foundation of BMS I 28 ‫الحمدهلل‬