Muscular System Nursing 1 PDF

Muscular system Intended learning outcomes Describe Types of muscles cells and their functions Discuss major muscles groups Discuss some clinical aspects 10/24/2024 1 Type of Muscular tissue Three typ...

Muscular system Intended learning outcomes Describe Types of muscles cells and their functions Discuss major muscles groups Discuss some clinical aspects 10/24/2024 1 Type of Muscular tissue Three types of muscle tissue can be distinguished on the basis of morphologic and functional characteristics : 1. Skeletal muscle contains multinucleated cells with cross-striations. Their contraction is quick, forceful, and usually under voluntary control. 2. Cardiac muscle also has cross-striations and is composed of elongated, often branched cells bound to one another at structures called intercalated discs which are unique to cardiac muscle. Contraction is involuntary, vigorous, and rhythmic. 3. Smooth muscle consists of collections of fusiform cells which lack striations and have slow, involuntary contractions. 10/24/2024 2  Types of muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth 10/24/2024 4  Characteristics of muscular tissue 1.Excitability 2.Contractility 3.Extensibility 4.Elasticity Tissue can Tissue can Tissue can Tissue receive and shorten and lengthen returns to its respond to thicken resting state stimuli (recoil) 24-Oct-24 5 Histology of Skeletal Muscle ⚫ Skeletal (or striated) muscle consists of muscle fibers, which are long, cylindrical multinucleated cells. ⚫Muscle fibers contain Myofibrils which are two types acting and myosin. ⚫Group of muscle fibers will form Fascicles. 10/24/2024 6 10/24/2024 7 Connective tissue provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and cells together to form the organs of the body. 3 layers of connective tissue : 1. Epimysium :surrounds entire muscle. 2.Perimysium: surrounds bundle of muscle fibers (fascicles). 3.Endomysium :surrounds individual muscle fiber. 10/24/2024 8  Functions of muscular system 1.Movement 2.Maintaining 3.Supporting 4.Guarding Both posture soft tissues entrances voluntary within body and exits of and cavities the body involuntary 24-Oct-24 9 Muscle contraction Neuromuscular junction is the site where motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers. After simulation calcium is relased. ATP is important for muscle contraction. 10/24/2024 10 10/24/2024 11 Groups of muscles Muscle of the face Muscle of the neck Muscle of the trunk Muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper limb Muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb 10/24/2024 12  Groups of the face and neck Muscles of the face Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication 10/24/2024 13 10/24/2024 14  Muscles of the neck – Sternocleidomastoid Muscle – Trapezius Muscle They lies in the side of the neck Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid 10/24/2024 15 10/24/2024 16  Groups of the trunk Intercostal Muscles The space between 2 adjacent ribs is called the intercostal space. Action: these muscles help in respiration 10/24/2024 17 DIAPHRAGM The diaphragm is a thin musculotendinous structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity action (function) of diaphragm it is the main respiratory muscle 70% it is mainly inspiratory it also compresses the abdomen to increase intra- abdominal pressure for abdominal straining(defecation, urination, vomiting, sneezing, cough, labor and lifting heavy weights 10/24/2024 18  Diaphragm Middle leaflet of central Left leaflet of Right leaflet of tendon (fused with central tendon central tendon pericardium) Muscles Of Anterior Abdominal Wall Three flat muscles external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis form most of the anterolateral abdominal wall. The rectus abdominis muscle anteriorly. their action is to compress the abdomen to increase intra-abdominal pressure for abdominal straining and moving the trunk. 10/24/2024 20 External Oblique Abdominis (EOA) Internal oblique abdominis Transversus Abdominis rectus abdominis  Groups of shoulder girdle and upper limb 10/24/2024 25 Muscles of the Shoulder Deltoid: A large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint. It has three parts: anterior, lateral, and posterior. Rotator Cuff: A group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii 10/24/2024 26  10/24/2024 27 Muscles of the Arm and Forearm Brachialis Triceps brachii Flexor muscles of the forearm: A group of muscles that flex the wrist and fingers (6 muscles). Extensor muscles of the forearm: A group of muscles that extend the wrist and fingers(6 muscles). 10/24/2024 28  Groups of pelvic girdle lower limb 10/24/2024 29 Muscles of the Hip and Thigh Gluteus maximus: The largest muscle in the body, located on the buttocks. It extends the hip joint. Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Quadriceps femoris: A group of four muscles that extend the knee joint. Hamstrings: A group of three muscles that flex the knee joint. 10/24/2024 30 10/24/2024 31 10/24/2024 32  10/24/2024 33 Muscles of the Leg and Foot 1-Anterior compartment: Function: Dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes. 2-Lateral Compartment: Function: Eversion of the foot. 3-Deep Posterior Compartment: Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle and toes. 4-Superficial Posterior Compartment: Function: 10/24/2024 34 Plantar flexion of the ankle. 10/24/2024 35 10/24/2024 36  Sites of intramuscular injections 1- gluteal: Injection should be in the upper lateral quadrant to avoid damage of the sciatic nerve. 2- Deltoid: common site, upper arm, 3 fingers width. 3- Rectus femoris(quadriceps): right on top of the thigh. 4- Vastis lateralis( quadriceps): outer thigh, in the middle. 10/24/2024 37 10/24/2024 38 10/24/2024 39 Intramuscular Injections Faster absorption Less danger of causing tissue damage Risk of injecting into blood vessels does not exist Muscle is less sensitive than vein to irritating and viscous drugs 10/24/2024 40