Mumps Virus Presentation PDF

MUMPS VIRUS A Presentation By Dr R.Venkatajothi, MSc., MPhil, PhD, FIAAM, FAVRS Lecturer, Department of Microbiology MCS School of Medicine The Copperbelt University Date: 22-11-2024 ...

MUMPS VIRUS A Presentation By Dr R.Venkatajothi, MSc., MPhil, PhD, FIAAM, FAVRS Lecturer, Department of Microbiology MCS School of Medicine The Copperbelt University Date: 22-11-2024  OBJECTIVES The objectives of this lecture are to  Discuss the morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the Mumps virus.  Introduction  Mumps is a viral illness caused by the mumps virus. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family.  The mumps virus is the cause of acute, viral parotitis (painful swelling of the parotid glands).  Mumps virus is most closely related to parainfluenza virus type 2.  Mumps, like measles, is a very communicable disease with only one serotype, and it infects only humans.  Continued……  Epidemiology:  Humans are the only source of the virus. Transmission is favored by a high percentage of asymptomatic infections.  Mumps outbreaks do happen. People who are not vaccinated are at high risk of infection.  Vaccinated people who get mumps usually have milder symptoms and other complications. Continued……  Morphology  The Mumps virus is spherical, varying from 100 to 250 nm in size and it is a single strand RNA virus. The nucleocapsid is surrounded by a lipid envelope.  Pathogenesis  More than one-third of all mumps infections are asymptomatic.  The mode of virus transmission is person to person contact by respiratory droplets.  A virus infects epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Viruses spread through the blood, called viremia.  Infection of the parotid gland, testes and central nervous system occurs.  Clinical features Mumps  Mumps is an acute disease characterized by non- suppurative enlargement of one or both parotid glands (salivary glands).  Mumps virus mostly causes a mild childhood disease, but in adults, complications, including meningitis and orchitis (inflammation of one or both testicles), are common.  Continued…… Swollen parotid gland Continued…… Mumps patient  Continued……  The principal symptom is swelling of the parotid glands caused by mumps virus.  The incubation period is long, about 12-25 days.  The common symptoms are fever, headache, pain while chewing or swallowing, loss of appetite, and weakness, typically followed by painful swelling of one or both parotid glands.  Continued……  The systemic condition is associated with painful enlargements of the testicles in men and pelvic pain in women.  Other clinical diseases include aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, deafness, pelvic pain and orchitis.  Continued…… Mechanism of spread of the mumps virus within the body Continued……  Laboratory diagnosis  Laboratory studies are usually not required to establish the diagnosis in typical cases.  The mumps virus was isolated in embryonated eggs in 1945 and in cell culture in 1955.  Clinical specimens:  Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine were collected within a few days after the onset of the illness.  Continued……  The prepared specimen is inoculated into monkey kidney cell cultures. Human amnion or HeLa cells are also suitable.  Isolation may take 1-2 weeks. Cytopathic changes are not reliable.  Serological diagnosis: ELISA and immunofluorescence tests are useful.  Molecular diagnosis: PCR  Treatment  No specific treatment is available for mumps.  The mumps vaccine is available in combination with the measles and rubella (MMR) live virus vaccine.  The patient should drink water and juice to avoid dehydration.  Prevention and Control  Immunization with a live mumps vaccine is the primary mode of prevention.  Avoid sharing drinking glasses or utensils with an infected person.  Avoid close contact with a person who is sick.  Continued……  Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing helps prevent the spread of the virus.  Hand wash before and after eating or handling material used by an infected person.  Alcohol-based hand sanitizers or soap may be used frequently if hands are not visibly dirty.  LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:  Discuss the morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the Mumps virus.  REFERENCE BOOKS  David Greenwood et al (2007), Medical Microbiology (7th edition). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.  J. C. Pommerville (2004), Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology (7th Edition). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.  Mims et al, (2008) Medical Microbiology (4th Edition). Mosby Elsevier.  Patrick. R. Murray (2009), Medical Microbiology (6th Edition), Mosby Elsevier.