Medical Terminology (PL111) - PDF

(PL111) Gastrointestinal Medical Terms Dr/ Reham Hassan Mohyeldin Assistant professor of pharmacology and toxicology Gastrointestinal system can be divided into : 1. Upper GI tract (The upper gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth, extends through the esophagus, and passes...

(PL111) Gastrointestinal Medical Terms Dr/ Reham Hassan Mohyeldin Assistant professor of pharmacology and toxicology Gastrointestinal system can be divided into : 1. Upper GI tract (The upper gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth, extends through the esophagus, and passes through the stomach and the small intestine). 2. Lower GI tract (The lower GI begins in the large intestine (colon), into the rectum, and out the anus). 3. Accessory organs (liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). Functions of Digestive system 1. Digestion. 2. Absorption. 3. Elimination. Roots pertaining to mouth and upper part of digestive system Root Meaning Example Definition Stomat/o Stomatitis -Inflammation of the mouth. Or/o Mouth ‫الفم‬ Oropharynx -Part of the pharynx located behind the mouth. Dent/ i /o Dental -Pertaining to teeth. Tooth ‫االسنان‬ Odont/o Odontalgia -Pain in a tooth. Gingiv/o Gingivectomy Surgical removal of gum Gums ‫اللثة‬ tissue. Lingu/o Lingual Pertaining to the tongue. Tongue ‫اللسان‬ Gloss/o Glossorrhaphy Suture of the tongue. Sial/o -Salivary glands ‫الغدد اللعابية‬ Sialorrhea excessive saliva flow. -Saliva ‫اللعاب‬ Pylor/o Pylorus Pylorospasm Spasm of pylorus. Enter/o Intestine Enteropathy Any disease of the intestine Duoden/o Duodenum Duodenectomy Removal of the duodenum Ile/o Ileum Ileitis Inflammation of the ileum. Roots and combining forms Root Meaning Example Definition Cec/o Cecum Cecorrhaphy Suture of the cecum Col/o Colon Colonoscopy Visual examination of the colon. Colon/o Rect/o Rectum Rotoscope Visual examination of the Rectum Pancreat/o Pancreas Pancreatitis inflammation in the pancreas Hepat/o Liver Hepatocyte Liver cell. Bil/i Bile Biliary Pertaining to the bile. Chol/e Cholestasis Stoppage of bile flow. Cholecyst/o Gallbladder Cholecystectomy Excision of the gallbladder. Cholangi/o Bile duct Cholangitis Inflammation of the bile duct. Choledoch/o Common bile Duct. Choledocholithiasis Presence of gallstones in the common bile duct  Digestive system disorders and symptoms Disease Meaning Achlorhydria Lack of HCL in the stomach. Anorexia Loss of appetite. Aphagia Refusal or inability to swallow. Dysphagia Difficulty in swallowing Dyspepsia Painful digestion ( Indigestion). Xerostomia oral dryness. Colic Acute abdominal wall pain. Cachexia Loss of body weight and muscle mass, and weakness may occur in patients with cancer, AIDS, or other chronic diseases. Chole/lithiasis Presence of gall stones in the gallbladder. Choledocho/lithiasis The presence of gallstones in the common bile duct. Disease Definition Dysentery Infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the intestine (colon), abdominal pain and diarrhea with stool that often contain blood and mucus. Hernia Protrusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. Cirrhosis Chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring. Icterus/jaundice Yellowish color of the skin, mucous membranes, whitish of the eye due to accumulation of bile pigments (bilirubin) in the blood. Ulcer A sore or lesion of the skin or the mucous membrane; a peptic ulcer is one that involves the stomach or duodenum. Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum. Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix. Jaundice Cachexia Hernia Mouth ulcer Liver cirrhosis Peptic ulcer vs Duodenum ulcer Xerostomia Chole/lithiasis vs Choledocho/lithiasis Choose the correct answer: 1- Removal of the stomach is called A.Gingivectomy B. gastrectomy C. Stomatectomy D.splenectomy 2- The liver secretes-------------which is stored in the gallbladder for later use. A. Bile B. Glycogen C. Insulin D. Pepsin 3-Xerostomia is A. Dry Lips B. Dry mouth C. Dry Tongue D. Dry Stomach 4-The medical term for indigestion is----------. A. Anorexia B. Dyspepsia C. Dysphagia D. Dyslexia 5-Esophago/gastro/duodenoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract. A.True B.False You can find more examples in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCnQ-IK4jLE End of the lecture