Medical Terminology PDF

Medical Terminology 1. Medical Terminology ‫المصطلحات الطبية‬ ❖ Medical Terminology is the professional language of those who are directly or indirectly engaged in the art of healing and it is necessary for communicating with other medical personnel. ❖ Studying medical terminology is very similar t...

Medical Terminology 1. Medical Terminology ‫المصطلحات الطبية‬ ❖ Medical Terminology is the professional language of those who are directly or indirectly engaged in the art of healing and it is necessary for communicating with other medical personnel. ❖ Studying medical terminology is very similar to learning a new language. This is because most medical terms stem from Greek or Latin origins. 2. Medical terms are based on the following: Greek and Latin origin (originated as early as the 1st century when Hippocrates practiced medicine). Eponyms (words formed from a person’s name). examples: Alzheimer’s disease Modern language terms (for example MRI: magnetic resonance image). 3. Fields of Medical Terms applications Doctors ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎء‬ Dental Team ‫فريق ﻁب ﺍالسنﺎن‬ Healthcare Science ‫علوم ﺍلرعﺎية ﺍلصحية‬ Health Informatics ‫ﺍلمعلومﺎتية ﺍلصحية‬ Nursing ‫ﺍلﺘﻤريﺾ‬ Midwifery ‫ﺍلﻘﺒﺎلة‬ Allied Health professionals ‫ﺍلمهنيين ﺍلصحيين‬ Medical management careers ‫وظﺎئف ﺍالدﺍرة ﺍلصحية‬ 4. Basic Elements of a Medical Word A medical word consists of some or all of the following elements: 1. Word root. ‫ﺟﺬر ﺍلﻜلﻤة‬ 2. Prefix. ‫ﺑﺎدئة‬ 3. Suffix. ‫ﺍلﻧهﺎية‬ 4. Combining form. ‫ﺍلجﻤع ﺑين ﺍلشﻜل‬ 1. Word Root ‫جذر الكلمة‬ A word root is the main part of a medical word. All medical terms have one or more roots. Word Root ‫ﺟﺬر ﺍلﻜلﻤة‬ Meaning ‫معنى‬ Example ‫مثﺎل‬ Card Heart ‫قلب‬ Cardiopathy ‫ﺍمرﺍض ﺍلﻘلب‬ Splen Spleen ‫ﻁحﺎل‬ Splenomegaly ‫تضخم ﺍلطحﺎل‬ 2. Prefix ‫البادئة‬ Prefix is a short word part added before a root to modify it is meaning. Prefix ‫ﺍلﺒﺎدئة‬ Meaning ‫معنى‬ Example ‫مثﺎل‬ Hyper Above ‫ زيﺎدة‬/‫ﺍكثر‬ Hypertension ‫ﺍرتفﺎع ضغط ﺍلدم‬ Hypo Below ‫ ﻧﻘصﺎن‬/ ‫ﺍقل‬ Hypotension ‫ﺍﻧخفﺎض ضغط ﺍلدم‬ 3. Suffixes ‫النهاية‬ A suffix is a word element located at the end of a word. Suffixes ‫ﺍلنهﺎية‬ Meaning ‫معنى‬ Example ‫مثﺎل‬ lysis Dissolution ‫تحلل‬ Haemolysis ‫تحلل ﺍلدم‬ itis Inflammation ‫ﺍلﺘهﺎب‬ Gastritis ‫ﺍلنهﺎب ﺍلﻤعدة‬ 4. Combining Forms (CF) ‫الجمع بين الشكل‬ Combining vowels is added to make the resulting medical term easier to pronounce. Word Root + a vowel (usually an o) forms a new element known as a combining form (CF). Examples: Hematology (Hemato: blood) (O: vowel) (logy: study) Neuritis (Neur: nerve) (no vowel) (itis: inflammation) 5. Three Rules of Word Building There are three important rules of word building: Rule 1: A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel. e.g: Link the following roots with suffixes, each of which begins with a vowel. Word root Suffixes Medical term Tonsill itis Tosill/itis Gastr Ectomy Gastr/ectomy Rule 2: A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant. e.g: Change the following roots to combining forms and link them with suffixes that begin with a consonant. Word Root Suffixes Medical term Scler Derma Scler/o/derma Arthr Plasty Arthr/o/plasty Rule 3: A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (This rule holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel.) oste + chondr + -it is becomes oste/o/chondr/it is oste + chondr + -oma becomes oste/o/chondr/oma gastr + enter + -itis becomes gastr/o/enter/it is