MGT211 Principles of Management - Module 7 PDF

MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee...

MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee Important Questions Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. What are the key elements of motivation according to the provided definition? a. Energy, direction, determination b. Energy, focus, persistence c. Energy, direction, persistence Energh direction Persistence d. Enthusiasm, direction, dedication Answer: c. Energy, direction, persistence 2. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which level includes the need for security and protection? a. Physiological needs b. Safety needs c. Social needs d. Esteem needs Answer: b. Safety needs 3. In McGregor's Theory X, what is the assumption about employees? a. Employees enjoy work b. Employees seek responsibility Oc. Employees dislike work d. Employees exercise self-direction Answer: c. Employees dislike work 4. Equity Theory is based on the comparison of: a. Job performance and job security b. Job satisfaction and job performance c. Input-outcomes ratio with relevant others d. Job titles and job responsibilities Answer: c. Input-outcomes ratio with relevant others 5. What does Expectancy Theory state about an individual's behavior? a. It is solely determined by job titles 0b. It is influenced by the probability of effort leading to performance c. It has no connection with expected outcomes d. It depends only on external rewards Answer: b. It is influenced by the probability of effort leading to performance Compiled by: Masood Farid Chishty Instructor, MSD | September, 2023 Page 1 of 5 MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee Important Questions Fill in the Blanks 1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory includes __________ needs, such as self-respect and achievement. Answer: Esteem 2. McGregor's Theory Y assumes that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise __________. Answer: Self-direction 3. Equity Theory suggests that when employees perceive inequity, they might distort either their own or others' inputs or __________. Answer: Outcomes 4. Expectancy Theory includes three variables: expectancy, __________, and valence. Answer: Instrumentality 5. The strength of a person's motivation to perform in Expectancy Theory depends on the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to __________. Answer: Performance True/False Questions S.N Answe Statement Question. r Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy and dislike 1 True or False True work. Equity Theory is based on the comparison of input-outcomes ratio 2 True or False False within the same organization only. According to Expectancy Theory, the attractiveness of an outcome is 3 True or False False not a factor influencing an individual's motivation. Distributive justice is concerned with the perceived fairness of the 4 True or False False process used to determine the distribution of rewards. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory suggests that individuals must 5 True or False True satisfy physiological needs before moving on to higher-level needs. Compiled by: Masood Farid Chishty Instructor, MSD | September, 2023 Page 2 of 5 MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee Important Questions Motivation: 1. Question: Define motivation and explain its three key elements. Answer: Motivation is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. Its key elements are energy, direction, and persistence. 2. Question: How does motivation vary from one individual to another and from one situation to another? Answer: Individuals differ in motivational drive, and overall motivation varies based on the situation. Early Theories of Motivation: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory: 3. Question: Briefly describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Answer: Maslow's theory proposes a hierarchy of five needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self- actualization. As lower-order needs are satisfied, higher-order needs become dominant. 4. Question: What is the significance of understanding an individual's position in Maslow's hierarchy for motivation? Answer: To motivate effectively, it's essential to understand where an individual is in the hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y: 5. Question: Explain McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y assumptions about human nature. Answer: Theory X assumes negative views, while Theory Y assumes positive views about employees' attitudes toward work and responsibility. 6. Question: Provide an example illustrating Theory X and Theory Y management approaches. Answer: Jen-Hsun Huang, founder of NVIDIA Corporation, has been known to use both reassuring hugs (Theory Y) and tough love (Theory X) in motivating employees. Compare and Contrast Early Theories of Motivation: Equity Theory: 7. Question: What is Equity Theory, and how do employees react to perceived inequities? s Answer: Equity Theory compares an employee's input-outcome ratio to others and leads to reactions such as increased s or decreased effort, quality, absenteeism, or resignation. 8. Question: How does procedural justice differ from distributive justice in Equity Theory? Answer: Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the process, influencing organizational commitment and trust, while distributive justice focuses on the fairness of reward distribution, impacting employee satisfaction. Expectancy Theory: Compiled by: Masood Farid Chishty Instructor, MSD | September, 2023 Page 3 of 5 MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee Important Questions 9. Question: Explain Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory. Answer: Expectancy Theory states that individuals act based on the expectation that their efforts will lead to performance, performance will lead to rewards, and rewards are attractive to them. 10. Question: What are the three variables in Expectancy Theory, and how do they influence motivation? Answer: The variables are expectancy (effort-performance linkage), instrumentality (performance-reward linkage), and valence (attractiveness of reward). They collectively determine the strength of motivation. 11. Question: How does an individual's perception of outcomes influence Expectancy Theory? d Answer: Perceived outcomes, their attractiveness, and the belief in achieving them influence motivation, regardless of the accuracy of these perceptions. 12. Question: According to Expectancy Theory, why is it important for managers to understand an employee's goals? Answer: Motivation depends on understanding the links between effort and performance, performance and rewards, and rewards and individual goal satisfaction. Compare and Contrast Contemporary Theories of Motivation: 13. Question: What distinguishes contemporary theories of motivation from early theories? Answer: Contemporary theories often focus on more dynamic and personalized aspects of motivation, incorporating factors like self-determination, autonomy, and psychological needs. 14. Question: How does Self-Determination Theory differ from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory? Answer: Self-Determination Theory emphasizes intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and relatedness, while Maslow's theory outlines a hierarchical progression of needs. 15. Question: In what ways do contemporary theories address the limitations of early motivation theories? Answer: Contemporary theories consider individual differences, intrinsic motivation, and the role of psychological needs, addressing limitations such as oversimplification and lack of empirical support. 16. Question: Explain the concept of autonomy in the context of contemporary motivation theories. Answer: Autonomy refers to individuals having a sense of control and choice in their actions, aligning with contemporary theories that emphasize self-determination and internal motivation. 17. Question: How does Goal-Setting Theory contribute to understanding and improving motivation in the workplace? Answer: Goal-Setting Theory suggests that specific and challenging goals lead to higher performance when accompanied by feedback and commitment, providing a practical framework for enhancing motivation. 18. Question: Compare and contrast the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in modern motivation theories. Answer: Extrinsic motivation involves external rewards, while intrinsic motivation comes from within. Contemporary theories often emphasize the importance of intrinsic motivation for sustained and meaningful engagement. Compiled by: Masood Farid Chishty Instructor, MSD | September, 2023 Page 4 of 5 MGT211 – Principles of Management Department of Management Science Sequence: 2625 | Section: 05 Yanbu Industrial College Module-7: Motivating and Rewarding Employee Important Questions 19. Question: How do modern motivation theories acknowledge the role of emotions in influencing motivation? Answer: Contemporary theories recognize that emotions play a crucial role in shaping motivation, influencing decision- making, and contributing to the overall well-being of individuals. 20. Question: Discuss the relevance of contemporary motivation theories in today's diverse and dynamic workplaces. Answer: Contemporary theories, by considering individual differences, autonomy, and intrinsic motivation, offer insights and strategies applicable to the diverse and dynamic nature of today's workplaces, fostering a more nuanced understanding of motivation. Compiled by: Masood Farid Chishty Instructor, MSD | September, 2023 Page 5 of 5