Cellular Showdown: Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes PDF

CELLULAR SHOWDOWN: EUKARYOTES VS. PROKARYOTES—T HE ULTIMATE JARI ISOBEL D. MANGONON, CELLULARLPT AT THE END OF THE LESSONS, THE STUDENTS ARE A: Distinguish ABLE TO: M :Analyze some cell modif...

CELLULAR SHOWDOWN: EUKARYOTES VS. PROKARYOTES—T HE ULTIMATE JARI ISOBEL D. MANGONON, CELLULARLPT AT THE END OF THE LESSONS, THE STUDENTS ARE A: Distinguish ABLE TO: M :Analyze some cell modifications that lead to prokaryotic and adaptation to carry out eukaryotic cells specialized functions (e.g., according to their microvilli, root hair). distinguishing features. T: Apply their understanding of the A: Classify different cell differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, various cell types, and types (of plant/animal cell modifications to real-world tissues) and specify the scenarios and advanced biological function(s) of each. studies. Let's think about  Let's think about “EUKARYOTIC CELLS” “PROKARYOTIC CELLS”  EUKARYOTIC -Eu CELLS -Karyon  PROKARYOTIC -Pro CELLS -Karyon -nucleoids  NUCLEUS EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT; HAS NUCLEOID INSTEAD  NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES EUKARYOTIC CELLS- MORE THAN ONE PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ONE; HAS PLASMID  CELL TYPE EUKARYOTIC CELLS- USUALLY MULTICELLULAR PROKARYOTIC CELLS- USUALLY UNICELLULAR (EXCEPT CYANOBACTERIA)  EXAMPLES EUKARYOTIC CELLS- ANIMALS AND PLANTS PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ARCHAE AND BACTERIA  LYSOSOMES AND PEROXISOMES EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT  MITOCHONDRIA EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT  MICROTUBULES EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT  ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT  CYTOSKELETON EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- MAY BE ABSENT  RIBOSOMES EUKARYOTIC CELLS- LARGER PROKARYOTIC CELLS- SMALLER  GOLGI APPARATUS EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT  CHLOROPLAST EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT IN PLANTS PROKARYOTIC CELLS- ABSENT; CHLOROPHYLL SPREAD THROUGHOUT  FLAGELLA EUKARYOTIC CELLS- MICROSCOPIC IN SIZE, MEMBRANE BOUND, NUMEROUS FIBERS PROKARYOTIC CELLS- SUBMICROSCOPIC IN SIZE; ONLY ONE FIBER  PERMEABILITY OF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE EUKARYOTIC CELLS-SELECTIVE PROKARYOTIC CELLS- NOT APPLICABLE  CELL WALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS- PLANT CELLS AND FUNGI PROKARYOTIC CELLS- HAS COMPLEX CHEMICAL STRUCTURE  VACUOLES EUKARYOTIC CELLS-PRESENT PROKARYOTIC CELLS- PRESENT SHORT REVIE W  NEXT MEETING: CELL TYPES IN ORGANISMS SHORT REVIE W  THINK!! Have you ever wondered how your heart cells never get tired, while your skin cells constantly renew themselves? ORGANIZATION OF LIFE 4 MAIN TYPES OF CELL  EPITHELIAL CELL - coverings/ linings of organs and cavities - Closely-joined cells with tight junctions - Barrier for pathogens, mechanical injuries and fluid loss.  EPITHELIAL CELL Cuboidal Epithelium - For secretion  EPITHELIAL CELL Simple columnar epithelium - Brick shaped cells - For secretion and absorption  EPITHELIAL CELL Simple squamous epithelium - plate-like cells - Exchange of materials.  EPITHELIAL CELL Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Multi-layered - protection  EPITHELIAL CELL Pseudo- stratified columnar epithelium - Single layer of cell - Lining of respiratory tract (lined with cilia)  CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Bind structures together - Framework and support for organs and body - Store fat, transport, protection, repair.  BLOOD - Made up of plasma - Water, salt &dissolved proteins - Erythrocytes (Oxygen) - Leukocytes (defense) - Platelets  CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER (CTP) - Loose connective tissue (skin & connective fibrous tissue) - Collagenous fibers - Adipose Tissues (fats)  CARTILAGE - Collagenous fibers (chondroitin sulfates) - Chondrocytes (collagen and chondroitin sulfates) - Cushion  BONE - mineralized connective tissue made by osteoblasts (deposit collagen). - Combined with calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions.  MUSCLE TISSUES - Muscle fibers - Voluntarily / Involuntarily - Coming from nerve cells MUSCLE CELLS/ TISSUES  SKELETAL MUSCLE - Striated & Voluntary - Move and perform activities - Respiratory mechanics; posture and balance - Protection  CARDIAC MUSCLE - Contractility of the heart - Involuntary - Enough force and blood (metabolic demands)  SMOOTH MUSCLE - Not striated - Stomach and Intestines - Urinary System  NERVOUS TISSUES - Nerve cells (Neurons) - Glial Cells (Support) - Transmit electrical signals - Dendrite (receives impulses) - Axon (impulse transmitted to other neurons) CELL MODIFICATIONS  FLAGELLA - Whip-like structure - Pushes the cell - Axoneme - Basal body - Dynein Arms (ATP)  CILIA - Hair-like protrusions - Vibratory style - Axoneme and Basal Body - Dynein Arms  MICROVILLI - Finger-like structures - Single-layer of epithelial cells - Supplied with blood - Assimilation, Adhesion, and aids in secretion - Increasing the surface area of the cell (minute folds)  PSEUDOPODIA - Temporary extensions of the cytoplasm - “False feet” - Microfilaments  NEXT MEETING: MODULE 3 LONG QUIZ