Module 3A - Human Security in Highly Globalized World PDF

GNED 07 - Module 3 Dani P. Cabarles | DAS Define and identify human- Contextualize and connect human centered definition and view on security to the contemporary development Philippines Analyze the modern-day Contextualize and connect human definition and...

GNED 07 - Module 3 Dani P. Cabarles | DAS Define and identify human- Contextualize and connect human centered definition and view on security to the contemporary development Philippines Analyze the modern-day Contextualize and connect human definition and challenges of security, and UN SDG to the human security vis-à contemporary Philippines -vis development  Prior to the end of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1991, human security was defined by state- centric approaches in protecting the sovereignty, and political and military interests of states (Gregoratti, 2018).  The definition evolved from state-centric to people-centered approach; which means, security of the people and the community (Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict, 2024). As noted in General Assembly resolution 66/290, “human security is an approach to assist Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and cross- cutting challenges to the survival, livelihood and dignity of their people.” It calls for “people-centred, comprehensive, context-specific and prevention-oriented responses that strengthen the protection and empowerment of all people.” - United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, 2024  Human security is an approach to keep away from harmful disruptions and calamities – in our homes, our jobs, our communities, and our environment (World Academy, 2024). It emphasizes three freedoms: freedom from fear, freedom from want and freedom from indignity. Freedom from fear refers to “protecting individuals from threats directed at their security and physical integrity and includes various forms of violence that may arise from external States, the acts of a State against its citizens, the acts of one group against others and the acts of individuals against other individuals” (World Academy, 2024). Freedom from want refers to the “protection of individuals so that they might satisfy their basic needs and the economic, social and environmental aspects of life and livelihoods” (World Academy, 2024). Freedom from indignity refers to the “promotion of an improved quality of life and enhancement of human welfare that permits people to make choices and seek opportunities that empower them” (World Academy, 2024). “Human security is about empowering people to participate in making choices on how they can be most secure and resilient in the face of current and future risks” (HS4A, 2024). Essentially, human security is a human right, which everyone, regardless of your sex and gender, educational background, social status, race and cultural background, has an equal access to. It is the responsibility of the state to make sure that all its citizens feel safe and secure. Freedom from from oppression, torture and other human rights violations (HS4A, 2024). It emphasizes the importance of rule of law, good governance and protection of civil liberties through uplifting democratic process, upholding free speech and assembly, and safeguarding against political violence and terrorism (Carr, 2024). Access to healthcare, as well as prevention and protection against infectious diseases (HS4A, 2024). This dimension ensures availability and accessibility of medica services, promotion of public health initiatives and protection of people from health threats (Carr, 2024). An assured basic income and livelihood from work or social safety nets (HS4A, 2024). It secures stable and sufficient access to financial resources necessary for a decent standard of living by addressing poverty, unemployment and underemployment, and economic inequality (Carr, 2024). Preservation of culture an identity, as well as safety from exclusion, discrimination and ethnic conflict (HS4A, 2024). It focuses in protecting communities from internal and external conflicts that can disrupt the cohesion and peace of social fabric; it also demands the creation of safe and stable environment (Carr, 2024). Physical safety from violent conflict, domestic violence, crime and abuse (HS4A, 2024). This tier is a remnant of the old definition of human security that involves the primary goal of safeguarding individuals from harm thru state-sponsored law enforcement and community safety programs, and self-sponsored persona protection services (Carr, 2024). Enhancing the human experiences and enabling us to do more with less (HS4A, 2024). It also involves protection against digital threats such as cyberattacks, data breaches and online fraud. (Carr, 2024). Safety from natural and climate-induced disasters, plus resource scarcity due to environmental degradation (HS4A, 2024). It involves the implementation of policie and practices that promote sustainable development and environmental conservation and protection (Carr, 2024). Physical and affordable access to basic food (HS4A, 2024). It secures reliable access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food; and aims to address hunger, malnutrition and food scarcity (Carr, 2024). Civil Strife and Wars, and Global Terrorism Different peoples of the world are currently victims of many conflicts and live in war tone societies. The war on terror has resulted in the violation of some of the basic human rights and standards, such as rights to a fair trail and rights not to be arbitrary arrested nor detained. Relating to the question of sovereignty there is a view that while there is a need for the international community to respect each country’s sovereignty, there is an equal need to ensure that States are made aware that with sovereignty comes responsibility. Global Health The world is still battling with dealing effectively with diseases such as HIV and AIDS, cancer, unknown disorders, mental health challenges, and other communicable diseases. As you learned from the discussion of global economy, population is one of the central factor in improving the economic standpoint of a nation; however, to make it more specific, healthy population leads to a more effective and efficient economic machinery. Poverty and Underdevelopment A sizable number of the world population find themselves in situations of poverty and underdevelopment. World wide, about 2.2 billion people are without access to safe water; and almost 1.5 billion are without access to sanitation (UN, 2024). While a huge number of people continue to live in poverty and underdevelopment, the world leaders have failed to reach agreement of an appropriate international trade and development agreement. Lack of Political Will “The lack of political will is often invoked as a reason for failure of anti-corruption reforms and a major obstacle to economic performances and the achievement of development goals. Political leadership and a commitment to fight corruption at the highest levels is a pre- requisite for initiating and sustaining reforms over time, until results are achieved. Power holders are supposed to act for the common good and against their self-interest.” - Roberto Martinez B. Kukutschka, thru Transparency International, in 2014 Carr, S. (2024, May 28). Understanding the “8” tiers of human security: Interchanging security, safety, and emergency management. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/understanding-8-tiers-human-security-interchanging-safety-sean-carr-afske/ Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict. (2024). Human security. https://www.gppac.net/what-we-do/human-security Gregoratti, C. (2018, December 14). Human security. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-security HS4A - Human Security for All. (2024). What is human security? https://humansecurity.world/what-is-human-security/ Kukutschka, R.M.B. (2014, October 31). Building political will: Topic guide. Transparency International. https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/kproducts/Topic_Guide-_Political_Will.pdf NATO. (2024, August 30). Human security. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_181779.htm United Nations (2024). The 17 goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes. (2024). Human security. https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/tip-and-som/module-4/key-issues/human-security.html United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. (2024). What is human security? https://www.un.org/humansecurity/what-is-human-security/ World Academy. (2023, June 13). Implementing human security: Methods and tools. https://worldacademy.org/conference-page/waas-talks-series/quantitative- methods-and-tools-for-human-security/