Module 3 Part 2 Special Senses PDF

Part 2: Special Senses  ‫جفن العين‬ ‫نتوء لحمي “الكيس الدمعي” المسيل للدموع‬ ‫القناة الدمعية‬...

Part 2: Special Senses  ‫جفن العين‬ ‫نتوء لحمي “الكيس الدمعي” المسيل للدموع‬ ‫القناة الدمعية‬ ‫العضلة المستقيمة الجانبية‬ ‫بياض العين‬ ‫القزحية‬ ‫المشيمية ‪/‬طبقة وعائية‬ ‫البؤبؤ‬ ‫الشبكية‬ ‫الحفرة المركزية للشبكية‬ ‫القرنية‬ ‫القناة الزجاجية‬ ‫العدسة‬ ‫الغرفة األمامية‬ ‫الغرفة الخلفية‬ ‫األربطة المعلقة‬ ‫العصب البصري‬ ‫الجسم الزجاجي‬ ‫الجسم الهدبي والعضالت‬ ‫العضلة المستقيمة الوسطى‬  1. Terms Related to the Eye Combining Form Meaning Medical Term Meaning of Medical Arabic Meaning Term ocul/o eye ocular ocul (R) -ar (S) pertaining to the eye ‫متعلق بالعين‬ ophthalm/o eye ophthalmoscope instrument for examining the eye ‫أداة لفحص العين‬ ophthalm -o- (CF) scope (S) cycloplegia opt/o eye, vision optometry measurement of vision ‫قياس البصر‬ irid/o iris iridokinesis movement of the iris ‫حركة القزحية‬ irid -o- (CF) kinesis (S) corne/o cornea corneal pertaining to the cornea ‫متعلق بالقرنية‬ retin/o retina retinoblastoma tumor of the retina ‫ورم في الشبكية‬ retino (CF) blast (R) -oma (S) dacryocystitis scler/o sclera scleretasis bulging of the sclera ‫بروز الصلبة‬ cycl/o ciliary body cycloplegia paralysis of the ciliary body ‫شلل الجسم الهدبي‬ dacry/o tears dacryocystitis inflammation of the lacrimal sac ‫التهاب الكيس الدمعي‬ lacrim/o tears Lacrimotomy incision into the lacrimal sac ‫شق في الكيس الدمعي‬ 2. Terms Related to Vision Meaning of Combining Form Meaning Medical Term Medical Term Arabic Meaning formed by combining the word phot/o light photophobic sensitivity to light ‫حساسية للضوء‬ for "night" ("nyx") phot/o (CF) -phobic (S) with the words for "blind“/ alaos and nyct/o night, dark Nyct-al-opia night blindness ‫العمى الليلي‬ "eye" / ōps nyct (CF) -al (R) -opia (S) age-related ‫طول النظر المرتبط‬ presby/o old age presbyopia farsightedness ‫بالعمر‬ presby (CF) -opia (S) causing pupil mydr/o widen mydriatic dilation ‫توسيع البؤبؤ‬ causing pupil mi/o smaller miotic mi/o (CF) -tic (S) constriction ‫تضييق البؤبؤ‬ ambly/o dull, dim amblyopia dull vision ‫ضعف البصر‬ dipl/o double diplopia double vision ‫رؤية مزدوجة‬ having multiple foc/o focus multifocal focuses ‫متعدد البؤر‬ paralysis of the pupill/o pupil pupilloplegia pupil ‫شلل البؤبؤ‬ pupillo (CF) -plegia (S) 3. Terms Related to Eye Conditions Combining Meaning Medical Term Meaning of Arabic Form Medical Term Meaning eye condition ‫مرض العين‬ glauc/o grey glaucoma causing grey ‫يسبب رؤية‬ Glauc/O (CF) -oma (S) vision ‫رمادية‬ dryness of the xer/o dry xerophthalmia eye ‫جفاف العين‬ xer/o (CF) ophthalm (R) -ia (S) kerat/o cornea keratomalacia softening of the cornea ‫تليين القرنية‬ kerat/o (CF) -malacia (S) tumor of the ‫ورم في‬ retin/o retina retinoblastoma retina ‫الشبكية‬ retin/o (CF) blast (R) -oma (S) inflammation papill/o optic disc papilloretinitis of the optic ‫التهاب قرص‬ disc ‫العصب البصري‬ papill/o (CF) retin (R) -itis (S) phac/o lens of eye phacomalacia softening of the lens ‫تليين العدسة‬ phac/o (CF) -malacia (S) 4. Terms Related to Darkness and Light Meaning of Medical Combining Form Meaning Medical Term Term Arabic Meaning adaptation of the eye scot/o darkness scotopia in darkness ‫تأقلم العين مع الظالم‬ phot/o light photophobic sensitivity to light ‫حساسية للضوء‬ nyct/o night, dark nyctalopia night blindness ‫العمى الليلي‬ 5. Terms Related to Eye Anatomy Meaning of Medical Combining Form Meaning Medical Term Term Arabic Meaning surgical repair of the blephar/o eyelid blepharoplasty eyelid ‫جراحة إصالح الجفن‬ opening between the palpebr/o eyelid palpebral fissure eyelids ‫فتحة بين الجفون‬ inflammation of the conjunctiv/o conjunctiva conjunctivitis conjunctiva ‫التهاب الملتحمة‬ 6. General or Miscellaneous Terms Meaning of Medical Combining Form Meaning Medical Term Term Arabic Meaning aque/o water aqueous watery ‫مائي‬ pertaining to the vitre/o glassy vitreous vitreous humor ‫متعلق بالزجاجية‬ instrument to ton/o tone/pressure tonometer measure eye ‫جهاز قياس ضغط‬ pressure ‫العين‬  ‫‪Incus‬‬ ‫‪Stapes‬‬ ‫الركاب‬ ‫األذن الخارجية‬ ‫السندان‬ ‫القنوات الهاللية‬ ‫المطرقة‬ ‫األلياف العصبية‬ ‫القوقعة‬ ‫قناة استاكيوس‬ ‫قناة األذن‬ ‫طبلة األذن‬ ‫‪INNER EAR‬متاهة األذن الداخلية ‪labyrinth‬‬ Table 1: Terms Related to Hearing and Sound Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning pertaining to acous/o hearing ‫السمع‬ acoustic sound ‫متعلق بالصوت‬ inflammation ‫التهاب بسبب‬ aer/o air, gas ‫ غاز‬،‫هواء‬ aerotitis due to air ‫الهواء‬ aer/o (CF) -titis (S) study of audi/o hearing ‫السمع‬ audiology hearing ‫علم السمع‬ pertaining to audit/o hearing ‫السمع‬ auditory hearing ‫متعلق بالسمع‬  Table 2: Terms Related to the Ear Combining Meaning Meaning Medical Term Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Meaning instrument to auri/o ear auriscope examine the ‫أداة لفحص‬ ‫أذن‬ ear ‫األذن‬ aur/o ear aural pertaining to ‫أذن‬ the ear ‫متعلق باألذن‬ auricul/o ear auricular pertaining to ‫أذن‬ the ear ‫متعلق باألذن‬ aur (R) -al (S) cerumin/o wax ceruminosis excessive ear ‫تراكم الشمع في‬ ‫شمع‬ wax ‫األذن‬ relating to cochle/o cochlea cochleovestibul cochlea & ‫متعلق بالقوقعة‬ ‫قوقعة األذن‬ ar vestibule ‫والدهليز‬  Table 3: Terms Related to Inner Ear Structures Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning relating to incud/o incus (anvil ‫العظم‬ incudomalleal incus and ‫متعلق بالسندان‬ bone) ‫السندان‬ ‫والمطرقة‬ incud/o (CF) malle (R) -al (S) malleus ،‫المتاهة‬ labyrinth, inner inflammation of ‫التهاب األذن‬ labyrinth/o ‫األذن‬ labyrinthitis ear inner ear ‫الداخلية‬ ‫الداخلية‬ malleus, incision into ‫شق في‬ malle/o ‫المطرقة‬ malleotomy hammer the malleus ‫المطرقة‬ puncture of mastoid ‫الناتئ‬ ‫ثقب الناتئ‬ mastoid/o mastoidocentesis mastoid process ‫الحلمي‬ mastoid/o (CF) -centesis (S) process ‫الحلمي‬ eardrum, instrument for myring/o tympanic myringotome cutting ‫أداة لقطع طبلة‬ ‫طبلة األذن‬ membrane myring/o (CF) -tome (S) eardrum ‫األذن‬  Table 4: Terms Related to Ossicles and Other Ear Components Combining Meaning Meaning Medical Term Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Meaning ossicul/o ossicle (tiny ossiculectomy removal of an ‫إزالة عظمة‬ bone) ‫عظمة صغيرة‬ ossicle ‫صغيرة‬ ear, nose, ot/o ear otorhinolaryng throat ‫أخصائي أذن‬ ‫أذن‬ ologist specialist ‫وأنف وحنجرة‬ salping/o eustachian salpingoscope instrument to ‫أداة لفحص قناة‬ tube ‫قناة استاكيوس‬ examine tube ‫استاكيوس‬ staped/o stapes stapedectomy removal of ‫الركاب‬ stapes ‫إزالة الركاب‬ eardrum, surgical tympan/o tympanic tympanostomy opening in ‫فتح جراحي في‬ ‫طبلة األذن‬ membrane eardrum ‫طبلة األذن‬ Table 5: Terms Related to the Vestibule Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning incision into the vestibul/o vestibule ‫الدهليز‬ vestibulotomy vestibule ‫شق في الدهليز‬ Table 1: Terms Related to Smell and Nose Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning relating to the ‫متعلق بحاسة‬ olfactor/o sense of smell ‫حاسة الشم‬ olfactory sense of smell ‫الشم‬ loss of sense ‫فقدان حاسة‬ osm/o sense of smell ‫حاسة الشم‬ anosmia of smell ‫الشم‬ osphresi/o odor ‫الرائحة‬ osphresiology study of odors ‫دراسة الروائح‬ bad-smelling ‫رائحة نفس‬ oz/o to smell, odor ‫ رائحة‬،‫يشم‬ ozostomia breath ‫كريهة‬ surgical repair ‫جراحة تجميل‬ rhin/o nose ‫األنف‬ rhinoplasty of the nose ‫األنف‬ Table 2: Terms Related to Taste and Tongue Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning sweet taste ‫إحساس بطعم‬ geus/o sense of taste ‫حاسة التذوق‬ glycogeusia sensation ‫حلو‬ pertaining to lingu/o tongue epilingual the surface of ‫متعلق بسطح‬ ‫اللسان‬ the tongue ‫اللسان‬ Table 3: Terms Related to Touch and Feel Combining Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Form (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning touch, feel, relating to palpat/o ،‫ شعور‬،‫لمس‬ palpatory touch or ‫متعلق باللمس‬ stroke ‫ضربة‬ ‫أو الجس‬ palpation Table 1: Prefixes Related to Quantity and Comparison Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Prefix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning unequal, aniso- asymmetrical, ‫ غير‬،‫غير متساٍو‬ anisocoria unequal pupil ‫تفاوت في حجم‬ dissimilar ‫متماثل‬ sizes ‫حدقتي العين‬ two, twice, having two bi- double ‫ مزدوج‬،‫اثنين‬ bifocal focuses ‫ثنائي البؤرة‬ two, twice, pertaining to ‫متعلق بكلتا‬ bin- double ‫ مزدوج‬،‫اثنين‬ binocular both eyes ‫العينين‬ equal pupil ‫تساوي حجم‬ iso- equal, same ‫ نفسه‬،‫متساٍو‬ isocoria sizes ‫الحدقتين‬ pertaining to ‫متعلق بعين‬ mono- one, single ‫واحد‬ monocular one eye ‫واحدة‬ Table 2: Prefixes Related to Direction or Position Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Prefix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning ،‫إلى الداخل‬ inward turning eso- inward, within esotropia of the eye ‫حول داخلي‬ ‫داخل‬ outward exo- outward, ،‫إلى الخارج‬ exophthalmic protrusion of ‫بروز العين إلى‬ outside ‫خارج‬ the eye ‫الخارج‬ Table 3: Prefixes Related to Difference and Excess Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Prefix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning different vision ‫رؤية مختلفة في‬ hetero- different ‫مختلف‬ heteropsia in each eye heter (P) -opsia (S) ‫كل عين‬ above, hyper- excessive ‫ مفرط‬،‫أعلى‬ hyperopia farsightedness ‫طول النظر‬  Table 4: Prefixes Related to Large or Small Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Prefix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning abnormally ‫أذن كبيرة بشكل‬ macro- large ‫كبير‬ macrotia large ears ‫غير طبيعي‬ ‫أذن صغيرة‬ micro- small microtia abnormally ‫صغير‬ small ears ‫بشكل غير‬ ‫طبيعي‬ Table 5: Prefixes Related to Smell and Odor Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Prefix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning bad, painful, ،‫ مؤلم‬،‫سيء‬ distorted sense ‫تشوه حاسة‬ dys- difficult dysosmia of smell ‫صعب‬ ‫الشم‬ above, increased hyper- hyperosphresia sensitivity to ‫زيادة حساسية‬ excessive ‫ مفرط‬،‫أعلى‬ odors ‫للروائح‬ below, under, ،‫ تحت‬،‫أدنى‬ reduced sense ‫ضعف حاسة‬ hypo- deficient hyposmia of smell ‫ناقص‬ ‫الشم‬ Table 1: Suffixes Related to Hearing and the Ear Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Suffix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning -acusis hearing ‫السمع‬ anacusis total deafness ‫الصمم الكامل‬ condition of ear and nerve ‫ألم في األذن‬ -algia pain ‫حالة ألم‬ otoneuralgia pain ‫والعصب‬ hearing loss ‫فقدان السمع‬ -cusis hearing ‫السمع‬ presbycusis due to aging ‫المرتبط بالعمر‬ condition of -otia ear condition polyotia having extra ‫وجود أذن‬ ‫حالة األذن‬ ears ‫إضافية‬ discharge of -rrhoea discharge, flow otopyorrhoea pus from the ‫إفراز صديد من‬ ‫ تدفق‬،‫إفراز‬ ear ‫األذن‬ Table 2: Suffixes Related to Instruments and Viewing Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Suffix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning instrument to -scope instrument to auriscope examine the ‫أداة لفحص‬ view ‫أداة للفحص‬ ear ‫األذن‬ process of examination of -scopy viewing ‫عملية الفحص‬ otoscopy the ear ‫فحص األذن‬ Table 3: Suffixes Related to Vision Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Suffix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning condition of nearsightednes -opia vision ‫حالة الرؤية‬ myopia s ‫قصر النظر‬ condition of -opsia vision ‫حالة الرؤية‬ achromatopsia color blindness ‫عمى األلوان‬  Table 4: Suffixes Related to Measurement and Motion Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Suffix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning pertaining to ‫متعلق بالحركة‬ relating to eye ‫متعلق بدوران‬ -gyric circular motion oculogyric rotation ‫الدائرية‬ ‫العين‬ process of measurement ‫قياس حجم‬ -metry measuring ‫عملية القياس‬ pupillometry of pupil size ‫الحدقة‬ Table 5: Suffixes Related to Fear, Repair, and Turning Meaning Meaning Meaning of Arabic Suffix (English) (Arabic) Medical Term Medical Term Meaning condition of fear or ‫خوف أو‬ -phobia fear ‫حالة الخوف‬ photophobia sensitivity to ‫حساسية من‬ light ‫الضوء‬ surgical, plastic ‫إصالح جراحي أو‬ surgical repair ‫إصالح جراحي‬ -plasty repair keratoplasty of the cornea ‫تجميلي‬ ‫للقرنية‬ outward -tropia to turn ‫التحول‬ exotropia turning of the ‫حول خارجي‬ eye  Which combining form means "eye"? Which term refers to "double vision"? A) Ocul/o A) Diplopia B) Ophthalm/o B) Myopia C) Opt/o C) Hyperopia D) All of the above D) Presbyopia Answer: D Answer: A What is the meaning of "blepharoplasty"? What does "keratomalacia" mean? A) Surgical repair of the eyelid A) Softening of the retina B) Inflammation of the eyelid B) Softening of the cornea C) Paralysis of the eyelid C) Inflammation of the sclera D) Removal of the eyelid D) Swelling of the optic disc Exercises Answer: A Answer: B Which term refers to "dull vision"? The combining form "retin/o" refers to: A) Amblyopia A) Lens B) Diplopia B) Retina C) Nyctalopia C) Sclera D) Myopia D) Pupil Answer: A Answer: B The combining form "dacry/o" refers to: Which suffix means "vision"? A) Tears A) -opia B) Cornea B) -plasty C) Lens C) -rrhoea D) Retina D) -tropia Answer: A Answer: A What does "xerophthalmia" mean? What is the meaning of "pupilloplegia"? A) Inflammation of the eye A) Paralysis of the pupil B) Dryness of the eye B) Enlargement of the pupil C) Softening of the cornea C) Constriction of the pupil D) Paralysis of the ciliary body D) Absence of the pupil Answer: B Answer: A  The combining form "phot/o" refers to: Which term refers to "softening of the lens"? A) Light A) Phacomalacia B) Darkness B) Phacosclerosis C) Vision C) Phacoplegia D) Tears D) Phacocele Answer: A Answer: A What does "scleretasis" refer to? The combining form "audi/o" refers to: A) Bulging of the sclera A) Sound B) Inflammation of the sclera B) Hearing C) Softening of the sclera C) Voice D) Dryness of the sclera D) Balance Exercises Answer: A Answer: B The term "dacryocystitis" means: Which term means "loss of sense of smell"? A) Inflammation of the lacrimal sac A) Anosmia B) Inflammation of the retina B) Dysosmia C) Inflammation of the lens C) Hyposmia D) Inflammation of the cornea D) Hyperosmia Answer: A Answer: A Which term refers to "paralysis of the ciliary body"? What does "otoscopy" mean? A) Cycloplegia A) Examination of the ear B) Scleroplegia B) Repair of the ear C) Keratoplegia C) Surgery of the ear D) Dacryoplegia D) Removal of earwax Answer: A Answer: A What is the combining form for "night"? Which term refers to "bad-smelling breath"? A) Nyct/o A) Ozostomia B) Phot/o B) Dysphonia C) Opt/o C) Rhinorrhoea D) Ocul/o D) Glossitis Answer: A Answer: A