تشريح العين والرؤية: أسئلة

Special Senses

• Study of the sensory systems, including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

Eye Anatomy and Structures

• Eyelids (Eye li): Protective coverings that shield the eyes.
• Lacrimal Caruncle: A fleshy bump produces tears.
• Lacrimal Ducts (Tear ducts): Drain tears into the nasal cavity.
• Sclera (بياض العين): The white outer layer of the eye.
• Iris (القزحية): A colored muscle that controls the size of the pupil.
• Pupil (البؤبؤ): The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
• Cornea (القرنية): The transparent front part of the eye.
• Lens (العدسة): Focuses light onto the retina.
• Retina (الشبكية): The inner layer of the eye containing light-sensitive cells.
• Optic Nerve (العصب البصري): Transmits visual signals to the brain.
• Posterior Chamber (الغرفة الخلفية): Space behind the iris.
• Anterior Chamber (الغرفة الأمامية): Space in front of the iris.
• Ciliary Body and Muscle (الجسم الهدبي والعضلات): Adjusts the shape of the lens.
• Suspensory Ligaments (الأربطة المعلقة): Hold the lens in place.
• Vitreous Body (الجسم الزجاجي): Jelly-like substance that fills the space behind the lens.
• Choroid (المشيمية): Vascular layer supplying blood to the retina.
• Fovea Centralis (الحفرة المركزية للشبكية): Area of the retina with the sharpest vision.
• Hyaloid Canal(القناة الزجاجية): Space in the eye's vitreous humor.
• Medial and Lateral Rectus Muscles (العضلة المستقيمة الوسطى والجانبية): Control eye movement.

Terms Related to the Eye

• Ocul/o: Pertaining to the eye.
• Ophthalm/o: Pertaining to the eye.
• Irid/o: Pertaining to the iris.
• Corne/o: Pertaining to the cornea.
• Retin/o: Pertaining to the retina.
• Scler/o: Pertaining to the sclera.
• Cycl/o: Pertaining to the ciliary body.
• Dacry/o: Pertaining to tears.
• Lacrim/o: Pertaining to tears.

Terms Related to Vision

• Photophobic: Sensitivity to light.
• Nyctalopia: Night blindness.
• Presbyopia: Age-related farsightedness.
• Mydriatic: Causing pupil dilation.
• Miotic: Causing pupil constriction.
• Amblyopia: Dull vision.
• Diplopia: Double vision.
• Multifocal: Having multiple focuses.
• Pupilloplegia: Paralysis of the pupil.
• Cycloplegia: Paralysis of the ciliary body.

Terms Related to Eye Conditions

• Glaucoma: Eye condition causing vision impairment.
• Xerophthalmia: Dryness of the eye.
• Keratomalacia: Softening of the cornea.
• Retinoblastoma: Tumor of the retina.
• Papilloretinitis: Inflammation of the optic disc .
• Phacomalacia: Softening of the lens.

Terms Related to Hearing and Sound

• Acoustic: Pertaining to sound.
• Aerotitis: Inflammation of the ear due to air.
• Audiology: Study of hearing.
• Auditory: Pertaining to hearing.

Terms Related to the Ear

• Auri/o: Pertaining to the ear.
• Aur/o: Pertaining to the ear.
• Auricul/o: Pertaining to the ear.
• Cerumin/o: Pertaining to earwax.
• Cochle/o: Pertaining to the cochlea.
• Auriscope: Instrument to examine the ear.
• Aural: Pertaining to the ear.
• Auricular: Pertaining to the ear.
• Ceruminosis: Excessive earwax.
• Cochleovestibul: Relating to cochlea and vestibule.

Terms Related to Inner Ear Structures

• Incud/o: Pertaining to the incus (anvil).
• Labyrinth/o: Pertaining to the inner ear.
• Malle/o: Pertaining to the malleus (hammer).
• Mastoid/o: Pertaining to the mastoid process.
• Myring/o: Pertaining to the eardrum.
• Mastoiditis: Inflammation of the mastoid process).

Terms Related to Ossicles and Other Ear Components

• Osscul/o: Pertaining to ossicles (tiny bones).
• Ot/o: Pertaining to ear.
• Salping/o: Pertaining to Eustachian tube.
• Staped/o: Pertaining to the stapes.
• Tympan/o: Pertaining to the eardrum.

Terms Related to the Vestibule

• Vestibul/o: Pertaining to the vestibule.

Terms Related to Smell and Nose

• Olfactor/o: Pertaining to the sense of smell.
• Osm/o: Pertaining to the sense of smell.
• Osphres/io: Relating to the sense of smell.
• Oz/o: Odor or to smell.
• Rhin/o: Pertaining to the nose.
• Rhinoplasty: Surgical repair of the nose.

Terms Related to Taste and Tongue

• Geus/o: Pertaining to the sense of taste.
• Lingu/o: Pertaining to the tongue.

Terms Related to Touch and Feel

• Palpat/o: Pertaining to touch or palpation.

Prefixes Related to Quantity and Comparison

• Aniso-: Unequal.
• Bi-: Two, twice, double.
• Bin-: Two, twice, double.
• Iso-: Equal, same.
• Mono-: One, single.

Prefixes Related to Direction or Position

• Eso-: Inward.
• Exo-: Outward.

Prefixes Related to Difference and Excess

• Hetero-: Different.
• Hyper-: Above, excessive.
• Hypo-: Below, under, deficient.

Prefixes Related to Large or Small

• Macro-: Large.
• Micro-: Small.

Suffixes Related to Hearing and the Ear

• -Acusis: Condition of hearing
• -Algia: Pain
• -Cussis: Condition of hearing
• -Otia: Ear condition
• -Rrhea: Discharge, flow

Suffixes Related to Instruments and Viewing

• -Scope: Instrument to view.
• -Scopy: Process of viewing.

Suffixes Related to Vision

• -Opia: Condition of vision
• -Opsia: Condition of vision

Suffixes Related to Measurement and Motion

• -Gyric: Pertaining to circular motion.
• -Metry: Process of measuring.

Suffixes Related to Fear, Repair, and Turning

• -Phobia: Condition of fear.
• -Plasty: Surgical, plastic repair.
• -Tropia: To turn.

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