Module 2 Questions Part 3 PDF

### **1. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?** a\) Absorption of dietary proteins\ b) Removal of damaged blood cells\ c) Returning excess interstitial fluid to circulation\ d) Producing red blood cells\ e) Transporting oxygen to tissues **Answer:** c) Returning e...

### **1. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?** a\) Absorption of dietary proteins\ b) Removal of damaged blood cells\ c) Returning excess interstitial fluid to circulation\ d) Producing red blood cells\ e) Transporting oxygen to tissues **Answer:** c) Returning excess interstitial fluid to circulation ### **2. What is the name of the lymph fluid in the digestive tract?** a\) Chyme\ b) Plasma\ c) Chyle\ d) Serum\ e) Interstitial fluid **Answer:** c) Chyle ### **3. Which structure filters microorganisms and foreign substances from lymph?** a\) Spleen\ b) Lymph nodes\ c) Tonsils\ d) Thymus\ e) MALT **Answer:** b) Lymph nodes ### **4. What makes lymphatic capillaries more permeable than blood capillaries?** a\) Thicker walls\ b) Absence of a basement membrane\ c) High hydrostatic pressure\ d) Greater smooth muscle density\ e) Presence of valves **Answer:** b) Absence of a basement membrane ### **5. Which part of the lymphatic system absorbs dietary fats?** a\) Spleen\ b) Thymus\ c) Peyer patches\ d) Lacteals\ e) Tonsils **Answer:** d) Lacteals ### **6. Which lymphatic vessel drains the right side of the head and thorax?** a\) Thoracic duct\ b) Right lymphatic duct\ c) Efferent lymphatic vessel\ d) Subclavian vein\ e) Lymphatic trunk **Answer:** b) Right lymphatic duct ### **7. What ensures one-way flow of lymph in lymphatic vessels?** a\) High pressure\ b) One-way valves\ c) Smooth muscle contraction\ d) Anchoring filaments\ e) Basement membrane **Answer:** b) One-way valves ### **8. What is the role of anchoring filaments in lymphatic capillaries?** a\) Prevent collapse of the capillaries\ b) Contract to pump lymph\ c) Absorb lipids from the digestive system\ d) Promote vasodilation during inflammation\ e) Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation **Answer:** a) Prevent collapse of the capillaries ### **9. Which organ is the site of T cell maturation?** a\) Spleen\ b) Red bone marrow\ c) Thymus\ d) Tonsils\ e) MALT **Answer:** c) Thymus ### **10. What type of immunity involves physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes?** a\) Adaptive immunity\ b) Innate immunity\ c) Passive immunity\ d) Humoral immunity\ e) Cellular immunity **Answer:** b) Innate immunity ### **11. What type of lymphatic tissue is nonencapsulated?** a\) Thymus\ b) Lymph nodes\ c) MALT\ d) Spleen\ e) Bone marrow **Answer:** c) MALT ### **12. Where are Peyer patches located?** a\) Respiratory tract\ b) Digestive tract\ c) Urinary tract\ d) Spleen\ e) Lymph nodes **Answer:** b) Digestive tract ### **13. Which group of tonsils is also known as \"adenoids\"?** a\) Palatine tonsils\ b) Pharyngeal tonsils\ c) Lingual tonsils\ d) Sublingual tonsils\ e) Nasal tonsils **Answer:** b) Pharyngeal tonsils ### **14. Which lymphatic organ filters blood and removes defective red blood cells?** a\) Lymph nodes\ b) Thymus\ c) Spleen\ d) MALT\ e) Tonsils **Answer:** c) Spleen ### **15. What triggers the release of interferons?** a\) Bacterial infection\ b) Viral infection\ c) Parasitic infection\ d) Fungal infection\ e) Allergic reaction **Answer:** b) Viral infection ### **16. What is the function of the complement system?** a\) Produce antibodies\ b) Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation\ c) Promote phagocytosis and inflammation\ d) Transport oxygen to tissues\ e) Trigger coagulation **Answer:** c) Promote phagocytosis and inflammation ### **17. Which pathway in the complement system is part of innate immunity?** a\) Classical pathway\ b) Adaptive pathway\ c) Alternative pathway\ d) Antigen-antibody pathway\ e) Opsonization pathway **Answer:** c) Alternative pathway ### **18. What is the role of the thymus in the lymphatic system?** a\) Filter lymph\ b) Produce red blood cells\ c) Secrete thymosin for T cell development\ d) Store B cells\ e) Absorb lipids **Answer:** c) Secrete thymosin for T cell development ### **19. Which type of immunity involves memory for specific pathogens?** a\) Innate immunity\ b) Passive immunity\ c) Adaptive immunity\ d) Artificial immunity\ e) General immunity **Answer:** c) Adaptive immunity ### **20. What are the components of innate immunity?** a\) Antibodies and plasma cells\ b) Physical barriers, chemical mediators, and phagocytic cells\ c) T cells and B cells\ d) Plasma cells and memory cells\ e) Complement and lymphocytes **Answer:** b) Physical barriers, chemical mediators, and phagocytic cells ### **21. Which lymphatic organ is largest in size during the first year of life?** a\) Spleen\ b) Thymus\ c) Tonsils\ d) Lymph nodes\ e) MALT **Answer:** b) Thymus ### **22. What is the role of macrophages in lymph nodes?** a\) Destroy damaged red blood cells\ b) Absorb dietary fats\ c) Remove foreign substances by phagocytosis\ d) Produce lymphocytes\ e) Transport oxygen to tissues **Answer:** c) Remove foreign substances by phagocytosis ### **23. Which cells secrete antibodies?** a\) T cells\ b) B cells\ c) Plasma cells\ d) Macrophages\ e) Dendritic cells **Answer:** c) Plasma cells ### **24. Which lymphatic structure surrounds the oral cavity and pharynx?** a\) Spleen\ b) MALT\ c) Tonsils\ d) Lymph nodes\ e) Peyer patches **Answer:** c) Tonsils ### **25. What is the main function of lymph nodes?** a\) Produce red blood cells\ b) Filter blood\ c) Filter lymph\ d) Absorb lipids\ e) Store antibodies **Answer:** c) Filter lymph ### **26. What is the primary function of reticular fibers in lymphatic tissues?** a\) Increase blood flow\ b) Trap microorganisms and foreign substances\ c) Produce red blood cells\ d) Enhance lymph flow\ e) Absorb dietary fats **Answer:** b) Trap microorganisms and foreign substances ### **27. Which cells produce reticular fibers in lymphatic tissues?** a\) Macrophages\ b) Reticular cells\ c) Plasma cells\ d) Dendritic cells\ e) T cells **Answer:** b) Reticular cells ### **28. What are the two primary lymphatic organs?** a\) Spleen and thymus\ b) Lymph nodes and spleen\ c) Red bone marrow and thymus\ d) Tonsils and MALT\ e) Peyer patches and spleen **Answer:** c) Red bone marrow and thymus ### **29. Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the majority of the body?** a\) Right lymphatic duct\ b) Thoracic duct\ c) Subclavian duct\ d) Afferent duct\ e) Efferent duct **Answer:** b) Thoracic duct ### **30. Which lymphatic structures are responsible for protecting against inhaled or ingested pathogens?** a\) Lymph nodes\ b) Spleen\ c) Tonsils\ d) MALT\ e) Thymus **Answer:** c) Tonsils ### **31. What does the spleen\'s red pulp primarily consist of?** a\) Lymphocytes and thymic tissue\ b) Veins and connective tissue\ c) Reticular cells, macrophages, and red blood cells\ d) Dendritic cells and plasma cells\ e) Antibodies and reticular fibers **Answer:** c) Reticular cells, macrophages, and red blood cells ### **32. What is the primary role of the spleen\'s white pulp?** a\) Store platelets\ b) Filter blood for pathogens\ c) Absorb lipids\ d) Store lymphocytes\ e) Produce T cells **Answer:** b) Filter blood for pathogens ### **33. What happens to the thymus after the age of 60?** a\) It increases in size.\ b) It maintains the same size.\ c) It decreases in size.\ d) It becomes part of the spleen.\ e) It transforms into lymph nodes. **Answer:** c) It decreases in size. ### **34. What is the main component of adaptive immunity?** a\) Complement system\ b) Physical barriers\ c) T cells and B cells\ d) Antimicrobial peptides\ e) Phagocytic cells **Answer:** c) T cells and B cells ### **35. What do interferons primarily protect against?** a\) Bacterial infections\ b) Viral infections\ c) Fungal infections\ d) Parasitic infections\ e) Allergic reactions **Answer:** b) Viral infections ### **36. What type of cell is activated by interferons to combat infections?** a\) Macrophages\ b) Dendritic cells\ c) Natural killer cells\ d) Plasma cells\ e) Erythrocytes **Answer:** c) Natural killer cells ### **37. What triggers the alternative complement pathway?** a\) Antibody binding to antigens\ b) Spontaneous activation of C3\ c) Release of histamine\ d) Bacterial toxins\ e) Formation of antigen-antibody complexes **Answer:** b) Spontaneous activation of C3 ### **38. What does the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) do?** a\) Stimulates phagocytosis\ b) Forms a channel through bacterial membranes\ c) Promotes antibody production\ d) Activates T cells\ e) Increases blood flow **Answer:** b) Forms a channel through bacterial membranes ### **39. Which lymphatic organ destroys defective red blood cells?** a\) Tonsils\ b) Thymus\ c) Spleen\ d) Lymph nodes\ e) Peyer patches **Answer:** c) Spleen ### **40. What is the role of MALT in the lymphatic system?** a\) Store red blood cells\ b) Protect mucous membranes from pathogens\ c) Absorb dietary fats\ d) Filter lymph\ e) Produce antibodies **Answer:** b) Protect mucous membranes from pathogens ### **41. What is the primary function of plasma cells in immunity?** a\) Destroy pathogens through phagocytosis\ b) Present antigens to T cells\ c) Produce antibodies\ d) Release histamine\ e) Produce complement proteins **Answer:** c) Produce antibodies ### **42. Which complement pathway is part of adaptive immunity?** a\) Alternative pathway\ b) Classical pathway\ c) Opsonization pathway\ d) Lectin pathway\ e) Cascade pathway **Answer:** b) Classical pathway ### **43. Which lymphatic organ can rupture due to abdominal trauma?** a\) Thymus\ b) Spleen\ c) Tonsils\ d) Lymph nodes\ e) MALT **Answer:** b) Spleen ### **44. What is opsonization in the complement system?** a\) Lymphocyte activation\ b) Coating of pathogens to enhance phagocytosis\ c) Destruction of red blood cells\ d) Inhibition of bacterial growth\ e) Neutralization of viruses **Answer:** b) Coating of pathogens to enhance phagocytosis ### **45. What is the role of cytokines in innate immunity?** a\) Promote clotting\ b) Stimulate immune responses\ c) Increase antibody production\ d) Absorb dietary fats\ e) Destroy red blood cells **Answer:** b) Stimulate immune responses ### **46. What structure carries lymph out of a lymph node?** a\) Afferent lymphatic vessel\ b) Efferent lymphatic vessel\ c) Thoracic duct\ d) Right lymphatic duct\ e) Lymphatic trunk **Answer:** b) Efferent lymphatic vessel ### **47. What is the main purpose of the lymphatic nodules in Peyer patches?** a\) Filter blood\ b) Provide immunity in the digestive tract\ c) Absorb dietary fats\ d) Store lymphocytes\ e) Filter lymph **Answer:** b) Provide immunity in the digestive tract ### **48. What is the result of activation of the classical complement pathway?** a\) T cell proliferation\ b) Formation of membrane attack complexes\ c) Absorption of lipids\ d) Increased vascular permeability\ e) Antibody production **Answer:** b) Formation of membrane attack complexes ### **49. What is the function of histamine in innate immunity?** a\) Promote vasodilation and inflammation\ b) Neutralize bacterial toxins\ c) Destroy defective red blood cells\ d) Stimulate T cell maturation\ e) Enhance complement activation **Answer:** a) Promote vasodilation and inflammation ### **50. What is the main function of lymphatic valves?** a\) Promote blood circulation\ b) Prevent backflow of lymph\ c) Increase lymph production\ d) Filter lymph in nodes\ e) Absorb dietary fats **Answer:** b) Prevent backflow of lymph