Plate Boundaries and Interactions Module 2 PDF
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Uploaded by ComfortableEternity5973
St. Paul University Philippines
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Summary
This document is a module on plate boundaries and interactions. It covers intended learning outcomes, focusing on types of plate boundaries, how earthquakes and volcanoes form, and the vulnerability of communities near the Ring of Fire. It also includes an introduction to tectonic plates and their movement and explains how earthquakes and seismic waves occur.
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PLATE BOUNDARIES AND INTERACTIONS INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe the different types of plate boundaries. 2. Explain how earthquakes occur and how volcanoes and mountain ranges are formed. 3. Explain the geologic processes that occur along plate boundaries. 4. Describe the v...
PLATE BOUNDARIES AND INTERACTIONS INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe the different types of plate boundaries. 2. Explain how earthquakes occur and how volcanoes and mountain ranges are formed. 3. Explain the geologic processes that occur along plate boundaries. 4. Describe the vulnerability of communities living along the Ring of Fire. 5. Develop a disaster preparedness plan. Tectonic Plates move on top of the asthenosphere at a rate between 1 and 10 cm per year. The tectonic plates move with respect to one another in 3 ways. Plates may move toward INTRODUCTION each other (converge), move apart (diverge) or move past one another. The regions between plates are aptly called plate boundaries. As plates moves, fractures called faults develop on Earth’s crust. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY when 2 plates move away from each other, a gap or rift between them is created. What could form? Mid-oceanic ridges (divergent boundaries between oceanic plates) Volcanic islands (magma move up and fill the gap) Rift valleys (a continent above a divergent plate boundary will be torn apart and surrounding waters will fill the space) Ex. Great East African Rift Valley CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY when 2 plates slide towards each other and form a subduction zone (one plate moves underneath the other) or an orogenic belt (if 2 3 kinds of convergence simply collide and o Oceanic-oceanic compress). o Oceanic-continental o Continental-continental CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY What could form? Chain of volcanoes (descending oceanic plate begins to melt in the asthenosphere and rises) Island Volcano (volcanic debris from underwater pile up until it rises above sea level) Oceanic Trench (long narrow depression in the ocean floor) Ex. Mariana Trench (Oceanic-oceanic) Volcanic Mountains Ex. Andes Mountains (Oceanic-continental) Mountain Ranges Ex. The Alps and Himalayas (Continental-continental) TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY plates slides against one another in opposite directions. What could form? Earthquake (shaking of Earth due to breaking or shifting of the rocks of the tectonic plates which releases seismic energy) 3 types of Faults o Normal Fault o Reverse Fault o Strike-slip Fault TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY o Normal Fault – a dip-slip fault where a block that sits on a fault plane (hanging wall) slips downward with respect to the footwall along the dip angle. ▪ Dip-slip – movement of faults along the angle of fault plane. o Reverse Fault – dip-slip fault where the block of Earth’s crust pushes upward and along the dip angle. o Ex. Thrust fault – angle of the dip is 45° or less o Strike-slip fault – vertical fault planes or surfaces slide in parallel but opposite directions. o Ex. San Andreas Fault o Oblique-slip fault – combination of strike-slip and dip-slip. EARTHQUAKES WHY SHOULD YOU BE ALARMED BY EARTHQUAKE? EARTHQUAKES Energy travels through the Earth in the form of SEISMIC WAVES. Focus or hypocenter – point within Earth where the rocks break and where seismic energy is first released. Found within the fault plane. Epicenter – point on the crust of Earth directly above the focus is the epicenter. EARTHQUAKES Focus of an earthquake varies from... a. Shallow (10 to 100 km) b. Intermediate (70 to 300 km) c. Deep (300 km or deeper) Note: Shallow epicenters originate from a much closer distance to the Earth’s crust. They cause the most damage since the energy is more concentrated and the seismic waves travel faster through a shorter distance. Getting Ready for Earthquakes What should you do during an earthquake? *Refer to your book, page 34* PERFORMANCE TASK You are tasked to analyze the earthquake preparedness infographics from PHILVOLCS and present a 5-minute role play. It must contain your plans and strategies in preparing for an earthquake. This will be done by group.
