Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of fault occurs when a block of Earth's crust pushes upward along the dip angle?
What type of fault occurs when a block of Earth's crust pushes upward along the dip angle?
- Strike-slip Fault
- Oblique-slip Fault
- Reverse Fault (correct)
- Normal Fault
What is the term used to describe the point within the Earth where the rocks break and seismic energy is first released?
What is the term used to describe the point within the Earth where the rocks break and seismic energy is first released?
- Epicenter
- Seismic Center
- Focus (correct)
- Hypocenter
Which type of fault involves horizontal movement where two blocks slide past each other in opposite directions?
Which type of fault involves horizontal movement where two blocks slide past each other in opposite directions?
- Normal Fault
- Reverse Fault
- Strike-slip Fault (correct)
- Thrust Fault
Which of the following focuses on earthquake preparedness information?
Which of the following focuses on earthquake preparedness information?
What is the depth range of shallow focus earthquakes?
What is the depth range of shallow focus earthquakes?
What occurs at a divergent plate boundary?
What occurs at a divergent plate boundary?
Which geological feature is likely to form as a result of oceanic-continental convergence?
Which geological feature is likely to form as a result of oceanic-continental convergence?
What type of plate boundary is characterized by plates sliding against each other in opposite directions?
What type of plate boundary is characterized by plates sliding against each other in opposite directions?
Which geological process occurs most commonly along convergent plate boundaries?
Which geological process occurs most commonly along convergent plate boundaries?
What is a common consequence for communities living along the Ring of Fire?
What is a common consequence for communities living along the Ring of Fire?
What is formed when two continental plates converge?
What is formed when two continental plates converge?
Which of the following is NOT a feature formed by divergent plate boundaries?
Which of the following is NOT a feature formed by divergent plate boundaries?
At what average rate do tectonic plates move on top of the asthenosphere?
At what average rate do tectonic plates move on top of the asthenosphere?
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Study Notes
Plate Boundaries
- Tectonic plates move on the asthenosphere at rates of 1 to 10 cm per year.
- Interactions between plates occur through three main types of movement: converging, diverging, or sliding past each other.
- Plate boundaries are associated with geological features such as faults, rifts, and trenches.
Divergent Plate Boundary
- Forms when two plates move apart, creating gaps or rifts.
- Can lead to mid-oceanic ridges, volcanic islands, and rift valleys.
- Example: Great East African Rift Valley.
Convergent Plate Boundary
- Occurs when two plates collide, forming subduction zones or orogenic belts.
- Types of convergence:
- Oceanic-oceanic
- Oceanic-continental
- Continental-continental
- Results in chains of volcanoes, island volcanoes, oceanic trenches, and mountain ranges.
- Examples:
- Mariana Trench (oceanic-oceanic)
- Andes Mountains (oceanic-continental)
- Alps and Himalayas (continental-continental)
Transform Plate Boundary
- Plates slide against each other in opposite directions.
- Commonly results in earthquakes due to the shifting of rocks.
- Types of faults associated:
- Normal Fault: Hanging wall slips downward.
- Reverse Fault: Earth's crust block pushes upward.
- Strike-slip Fault: Vertical planes slide parallel in opposite directions. Example: San Andreas Fault.
- Oblique-slip Fault: Combination of strike-slip and dip-slip motions.
Earthquakes
- Energy travels through the Earth as seismic waves.
- Focus (hypocenter) is the initial point of rock breakage within the Earth.
- Epicenter is located directly above the focus on the Earth's crust.
- Focus depths can vary:
- Shallow: 10 to 100 km (causes most damage)
- Intermediate: 70 to 300 km
- Deep: 300 km or deeper
Earthquake Preparedness
- Shallow epicenters lead to concentrated seismic energy and greater damage.
- Important to have disaster preparedness plans in place, especially for communities along the Ring of Fire.
- Recommended to develop earthquake response strategies based on local guidelines and resources.
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