MODULE-1.ENGLISH-1.docx

**MODULE 1** **Introduction to Communication** **The Nature of Communication** As one of the essential activities of the human race, communication is transmission of thoughts from one mind to others. It is a process in which people share thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other (Flores & Lop...

**MODULE 1** **Introduction to Communication** **The Nature of Communication** As one of the essential activities of the human race, communication is transmission of thoughts from one mind to others. It is a process in which people share thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other (Flores & Lopez, 2003). Also, we can say that communication is a dual or two-way process of transmitting messages (Diaz, 2005). The receiver after receiving the message understands the message in the desired form and then acts accordingly. It affirms that communication concerns the give and take relationship among the communicators through feedback mechanism. With it, not only does one make his/her own self understood, s/he also gets to understand others. **The Communication Process** For communication to take place, there must be five factors involved: the sender, the message, the channel, the receiver, and feedback (Diaz, 2005). All five elements must be present in any communication situation. Without one element, no communication takes place.  *Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/THE-COMMUNICATION-PROCESS\_fig1\_265161946* In the process of communication, the turn where the receiver changes its role from decoder to encoder is called turn-taking. **Turn-taking** process is essential in a communication process in order to keep the communication going and expanding. The communication process involves the different stages which explain specifically what happens during the process. These are the stages of communication: 1. **Stimulus-** during this stage, stimulus is anything that is perceived by our senses that can trigger communication. For example, while walking along the street with your friend, you suddenly notice that the sky is dark. What is seen by your eyes (the dark sky) is the stimulus which begins your conversation with your friend. 2. **Ideation**- it is the stage in which your brain starts to process what you have perceived. For example, you have already conceived in your thought about the "dark sky" after you noticed the condition of the sky. 3. **Encoding-** it is the stage in which you are now starting to compose the message about your conceived thoughts which was triggered by the stimulus you perceived. For example, you have finally composed what you want to tell to your friend that "the sky is dark, it might rain". 4. **Transmission-** it is now the stage in which you delivered the thoughts you would like to utter or to act. You can use various channels to transmit the message. For example, using your vocals as medium, you tell your friend that "the sky is dark, it might rain". 5. **Receptions-** on this stage, your friend received what you have communicated. 6. **Decoding-** after receiving the message, the message will be processed by the recipient of the message. He/she processes it in his/her brain. 7. **Understanding-** once the message was processed, the receiver will interpret the message depending on his/her understanding. There is a bias in terms of the understanding of the message of the receiver of the message. 8. **Action-** it is now the stage in which the receiver of the message will react on the message received. **Models of Communication** Much has been said about the concept of communication. Various communication scholars have already defined this term depending on how it is utilized. Most of them defined communication according to how they devised their communication models. These models have been developing through the years from linear to non-linear models. **1. Aristotle Model of Communication.** It was the first to take an initiative and design the communication model. **The Aristotle Model of Communication** is the widely accepted and the most common model of communication where the sender sends the information or a message to the receivers **to influence** them and make them respond and act accordingly. Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements: *(i) Speaker, (ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect.* Aristotle advises speakers to build speech for different audience on different time (occasion) and for different effects. *Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-communication-model/* **Aristotle Model of Communication** is the golden rule to excel in public speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes his point clear by designing an impressive content, passing on the message to the second part and they simply respond accordingly. Here the sender is the active member and the receiver is passive one (Management Study Guide, n.d.). **2. Lasswell's Model of Communication.** The first popular communication model that was used to understand the nature of communication was devised by Harold Lasswell in 1948. **Lasswell** is well known for his "5W" model of communication, which focuses on \"Who (says) What (to) Whom (in) Which Channel (with) What Effect\". In **Lasswell\'s Model of Communication**, the communication process is divided into five parts including communicator, information, media, audience and effect; such five research fields provide a very good point of view to study the new media communication.  *Source: https://rahmanjmc.wordpress.com/2015/02/09/lasswells-model-of-communcation/* Critics of this theory have implicated the absence of explicating the two-way communication aspect in communication. As we all know, communication involves a two-way process wherein both the communicators are often playing an interchangeable role as sender and receiver of the information. This absence in the communication model of Lasswell brought out the concern of other scholars on the element of feedback. What is notable on this model is the element of Effect which also similar with Aristotle's model. However, the implication of this element is both similar in the two models; they only differ in terms of the scope. The element of Effect suggests that every communication always result to possible outcome. For instance, when you communicate something to another person, the communicator is responsible of the effect his/her message to the recipient. In Aristotle's model, the scope of Effect relies only if the sender of the message is successful in persuading the audience. This is unlike in Lasswel's model which is wider in scope across in any forms of communication. **3. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication.** Another viewpoint on communication is offered by **Shannon and Weaver** in 1949. The Shannon-Weaver Model of communication started out technical but grew to encompass all forms of communication. It was developed from an engineering perspective, and was primarily focused on communication technologies in particular the transmission and reception of messages, and with the aim of developing a mathematical theory of communication. *Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/* In view of Shannon & Weaver Model, information flows from the sender/speaker to the hearer/receiver in one-directional, mechanistic and unilateral manner. As mentioned, it is used in communication technologies. The model is used to describe the process on how various communication technologies like telephone and radio transmitted the information through airwaves as channel for transmission. Since Shannon & Weaver, as telecommunications researchers, wanted to ascertain how electric signal was transmitted via wire or radio wave, the ultimate aim, was to know what happens during this process. Thus, although this experiment gave birth to theory of communication, it is however, not a mutual way of communication for inclusiveness and reciprocity. (Communication Libraries, n.d). The element of Noise is one of the distinct features of this model. It is the first model that explains that interruptions in every communication may occur. It is termed as Noise. Looking at its origin, the element of Noise initially referred to interference of airwaves that results to "choppy" messages when using communication technology. In the context of communication in general, the element of Noise is anything that can be a barrier to communication. It could be physical noise, environmental, physical, psychological, cultural, among others. **4. The Osgood- Schramm Model of Communication.** Another scholar who devised the beginning of a circular model of communication were Charles Osgood and Wilbur Schramm in 1954. The **Osgood and Schramm** **Model of Communication** outlines the basic components of communication between two people. Additionally, the model proposes that interpersonal communication occurs by the exchange of purposeful messages in a reciprocal, circular fashion. The three common elements that are present in the model are the Decoder, Encoder, and Interpreter. As a circular model, it presents that the communicators (both the sender and the receiver) performed the mentioned elements during the conversation (Study Mass Communication, n.d). *Source: https://studymasscommunication.com/2019/09/08/the-osgood-schramm-model/* Communication usually begins with the **encoder**. The **encoder** is responsible for creating messages. Then people decode **(decoder)** meaningful messages during communication. Decoding refers to receiving a message. In an interpersonal communication context, this is done through human senses such as hearing and seeing. These nervous impulses travel to the brain where the human begins to translate them **(interpreter)**. More so, interpreting can be defined as making meaning of sensory information. During a face-to-face conversation, humans will interpret sounds into words and put words together to make meaningful sentences. Finally, the model explains that after humans interpret nervous impulses during the previous step, they must encode a meaningful message to send to their communication partner based on the interpretation. In a face-to-face context, humans often relay spoken words to each other, display facial gestures, change their posture, move their hands, or change voice pitch. **5. Berlo's Model of Communication.** Another classic model that explains communication is that of devised by David Berlo in 1960. The model operates on the SMCR pattern. It can be noticed in the model that all elements contain factors that may affect communication. Those factors can be both positively or negatively affect communication. The model takes into account the different aspects of the message (content, elements, treatment, structure, code). *Content* refers to the context of the message (what is being communicated). *Element* refers to what compose the message. It could be based on the background and experiences of the source. *Treatment* indicates how the source will manage the message; how he/she plans to deliver depending on the intent of the source. *Structure* refers construction of the message. It specifically refers to the plan of the source on how he/she will structure the sentence structure (syntax), the tone of the voice to be used, among others. Finally, *Code* refers to symbols that will represent the message. If these are the written words, these refer to alphanumeric data; if these are spoken words, these refer to sounds of the letters.  *Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/* In the SMCR pattern, S - Source; M -- Message; C -- Channel; R -- Receiver; the source also called the sender is the one from whom the thought originates. Sender transfers the information to the receiver carefully placing his ideas into words. The ideal communication occurs when both sender and receiver have the common expertise in communication skills, the same attitude, knowledge, social system and culture. For instance, a person with of the same knowledge could understand a particular whereabouts because they are of the same level of wavelength. However, if they are different, there is a possibility that the messages will not be communicated properly. **Aspects of Communication** Have you observed on how people communicate and how they shifted from one topic to another? It is because people are concerned with communication. We as social beings are always concerned with how we communicate and build relationship with other people. Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one person to another. Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may communicate the subject becomes a lot more complex. Communication has two aspects: (1) Verbal or Linguistic Aspect and (2) Non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect. Non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect is categorized into two elements. These are (a) Non-linguistic Elements and (b) Paralinguistic Elements **a. Non-linguistic Elements** **b. Paralinguistic Elements:** the meaning of what the person says changes when paralinguistic is used. **Levels of Communication** There are various types of communication and more than one may occur at any time. These types of communication can be determined depending on the number of communicators involve in the communication process and the purpose of communication. These are the levels communication: 1. **Intrapersonal Communication-** it is a communication within yourself. It happens when you are talking to yourself. For example when you are reviewing your lessons, when making decision, when you have a deep thought about something among others 2. **Interpersonal Communication-** this is a communication between one person to another person. It oftentimes refers to a face-to-face communication. It involves two or small group of people who are exchanging thoughts and ideas. 3. **Public Communication-** this is a communication from one person to a huge group of people. The public is composed of heterogeneous audience. For example, miting de avance, state of the nation address 4. **Mass Communication-** this is a type of communication which involves the mass media such as newspaper, television, and radio. Like public communication, the audience is also heterogeneous. 5. **Organizational Communication-** from the term itself, it is a form of communication which takes place inside the organization. However, it does not involve informal communication among the members of the organization. As a formal communication, it follows strict policies on communication flow and channels in the organization. For example, business meeting, written communications like formal letters, memorandum, bulletin, announcement etc. 6. **Intercultural Communication-** it is a form of communication that involves person-to-person, person-to-group, or group-to-group from different cultures. It is important that one has to understand cultural differences for it may result to offending other culture when communicating. For example in a certain culture, they find it offending when someone is making a direct eye contact with them or a handshake may sometimes unnecessary. 7. **Technology-Mediated-Communication-** this is any form of communication that uses technology when communicating like cellphone, telephone, facsimile, computer. So, when you are using social media when communicating to other people, it is a form of technology-mediated-communication **Principles for Effective Communications** Communication is an inevitable human action. As they say, "we cannot 'not' communicate without communication". However, the challenge for every individual is on how to deliver the messages effectively. The following are the principles for effective communication (World Health Organization, n.d.): 1. **Accessible** - Make information available online - Identify effective channels - Ensuring Accessibility 2. **Actionable** - Move audiences to action - Behavior change campaigns - Communicate in emergencies 3. **Credible** - Technical accuracy - Be transparent - Coordinate with partners 4. **Relevant** - Know the audience - Listen to the audience - Tailor the message - Motivate the audience 5. **Timely** - Communicate early - Communicate at the right time - Build the conversation 6. **Understandable** - Use plain language - Tell real stories - Make it visual - Use familiar languages **Ethics of Oral Communication** Ethics is the discussion of the judgments we make about the appropriateness, the right or wrong, of our actions and policies be those actions communicative, political, social, personal, or a mixture of areas. Ethics is the study of what, ultimately, is the best course of action: How should we behave to have the most positive effect upon society and to become the best individuals we can? (Johannensen Ethics in Human Communication) 1. **Ethical communicators are respectful of their audiences.** Respect for audiences includes respect for the ideas and feelings of the people with whom we interact. If people possess dignity and worth, then they need to be treated as such even when we may disagree with them strongly. One student was addressing an issue which some saw as racially charged. Individual's response to those opposing his ideas was, \"Get a life.\" His/Her reaction demeaned not only those disagreeing with him but his own ideas as well. 2. **Ethical communicators consider the consequences of their communication.** We do not communicate in vacuums. Our communication endeavors are never isolated one from the other. For example, how we respond at school influences how we respond at home and that in turn affects how we respond in our public lives. Having considered the natures of our audiences, we need to consider further the effect of our communication on them and upon ourselves 3. **Ethical communicators respect truth.** A great deal of the ethics of communication involves a respect for truth. If we cannot trust the other party, we cannot accurately judge how to respond. If we cannot accurately judge how to respond, then our communication becomes increasingly ineffective. If the lack of trust is pervasive enough, it is destructive finally to society. 4. **Ethical communicators use information properly**. If we are going to provide information to people, much less persuade them, we need to be well prepared for the occasion. In addition to securing information, we also need to consider the accuracy of the information and the accuracy with which we use it. When we communicate, we expect people to react in some way to what we say and do. When we use inaccurate information to influence others, we cause difficulty for them and for ourselves. 5. **Ethical communicators do not falsify information**. Worse than the distortion of information is falsifying information. Failing to find information useful to our goals, we make it up. Another way of falsifying information is through plagiarism. Plagiarism is a kind of theft, intellectual theft. When writing, we acknowledge sources by the use of quotation marks and include a citation of the source. When speaking, we acknowledge sources by naming them in the context of the speech. 6. **Ethical communicators respect the rights of others to information**. A respect for truth and an ethical consideration of others also means respecting the rights of others in regard to information and access to information. Collecting information is an integral part of the research process, but stealing information is theft, taking something that does not belong to us. Beyond the personal act of theft, stealing information is unethical because it prevents other people from securing information and unnecessarily makes their lives more difficult. **Barriers to Effective Communication** Communication barriers is one of the elements of communication process. It is inevitable to be eliminated in communication. Taylor et. al (2013) enumerate the following barriers to effective communications, which are as follows: 1. **Ethnocentrism.** It happens when people implicitly believes that their way of doing things and seeing things are the right and only way. This resulted judging the behaviors negatively which do not actually conform on their own vision. People that possess "ethnocentrism" perceive other's behaviors as odd and improper. Ethnocentrism also creates an "us versus them" mentality that can be detrimental. 2. **Stereotyping.** It occurs when people rely on oversimplified clichés about people from different cultures. This can also be observed on how other people attach particular cultural practices that is not actually observed on a particular group. On negative note, if stereotyping of a culture is perceived to be offensive on other culture, people will also think of the same thing because of the reinforced stereotypes by other people. Learning about differences can be useful as a starting point. But individuals are unique; you can never predict a person's behavior based on his or her nationality. Stereotyping is the process of creating a picture of a whole culture, overgeneralizing all people belonging to the same culture as having similar characteristics and categorizing people accordingly. It is a belief about a certain group and is mostly negative. Stereotyping can be done on the basis of many things like nationality, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, age, etc. For example, Asian students are stereotyped to be good at Math which is a positive stereotype. But, there is also cultural stereotype of all people following a particular religion as being violent like Islam and is negative stereotyping. Negative stereotyping creates prejudices as it provokes judgmental attitudes. People look at those cultures as evil and treat the people following the religion wickedly. Media is a tool of mass communication which promotes stereotypes and prejudices and creates more communication barriers. 3. **Psychological Barriers.** This barrier involves the undermining of one's confidence. For the indigenous people, they often feel that they are always left behind because most of them did not finish their studies. They feel intimidated with the way others interact with them. Cultural differences causes behavior and personality differences like body language, thinking, communication, manners, norms, etc. which leads to miscommunication. For example, in some cultures eye contact is important whereas in some it is rude and disrespectful. Culture also sets a specific norm which dictates behavior as they have guidelines for accepted behavior. It explains what is right and wrong. Every action is influenced by culture like ambitions, careers, interests, values, etc. Beliefs are also another cause for cultural barrier. For instance, mostly, people who believe in god can cope with their lows of life easily than atheists but atheists are more hardworking at all times which relates to their behavior and communication. Appropriate amount of emotion that must be displayed is also different in different cultures. Roles are defined by culture. Good communication only occurs between people with different cultures if both accept their differences with open mind. 4. **Language Barrier.** Commonly, people who are less fluent in English or other language tend to withdraw from communication, which means the team may not get all the input it needs. Understanding what's said can be challenging if people speak too fast or use too much slang. This also might have an influence on how people's competence and performance are perceived. Relatively, there are billions of people in the world who do not understand English or cannot communicate in English properly. Not speaking properly can cause various misunderstandings and be a barrier to communication. Different cultures have developed their own language as a part of their heritage. People are comfortable communicating in their own language whereas have to work hard to learn new languages. For example, separation of East and West Germany for 40 years caused the language to differ a lot. The dialect became very different as people of East Germany had an influence of Russian language whereas West Germany had influence of English. They had a barrier in communicating with each other for decades. Even when people try to express in their own language, many misunderstandings arise. It becomes more profound in people speaking different languages. Non-verbal communication cannot be relied upon in communication between people from different cultures as that is also different like language. Signs, symbols and gestures varies in different cultures. For example, the sign "thumbs up" is taken as a sign of approval and wishing luck in most of the cultures but is taken as an insult in Bangladesh. Similarly, the "V" hand gesture with palm faced outside or inside means victory and peace in US, but back of hand facing someone showing the sign is taken as insulting in many cultures. The culture sets some meanings of signs like the ones mentioned above, which might not be the same in other culture. 5. **Conflicting Values.** Culture is like an iceberg: what you see are the behaviors, and those are influenced by the invisible values under the water line. Cultural clashes happen when other people's behavior compromises others values. In simpler view, if a person did not understand or do not agree with a behavior, it means that there are conflicting values under the water line. There is no right or wrong way of doing things; it's just a matter of cultural norms. **Direction: Identify if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.** 1. \_\_\_\_True\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Communication is a process. 2. \_\_\_\_\_False\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Give and take relationship of communicators suggests that communication is one-way. 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_True\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Meaningful communication explains that interaction between two or more people influence each other's behavior. 4. \_\_\_\_\_True\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ It is the nature of communication to have feedback mechanism. 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_False\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The concept of communication is exclusively only in spoken words. **Directions: Analyze the telephone conversation and answer the questions follow. Watch the telephone conversation on this link :** 1. Describe the attitude of the two communicators. \_\_\_Both are optimistic and interested on what they would do and in result of that positive attitude they both communicate with each other effectively they are both interested to the conversation in result they both make the coversation go smoothly\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Enumerate the information shared by the communicators. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Discuss the communication process using the stages of communication. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Make an illustration of communication process showing the conversation between the communicators. Use the model below. **Direction: Answer the following questions:** 1. Discuss the important characteristic of Aristotle's Model of Communication in order to consider that specific communication to the public becomes effective. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. In Lasswell's Model of Communication, explain the meaning of *"(with) What Effect"* as one of its elements. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication is notable for including the element of "noise" on its communication process. On this model, explain what is being referred by the "noise"? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Berlo's Model of Communication traditionally follows the SMCR pattern, what makes his model different from the other models? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. Explain the reason why Osgood-Schramm Model reflects a two-way communication process. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Direction: Perform the following activities:** **A. Identify if the following is VERBAL COMMUNICATION or NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION:** 1. \_\_\_\_\_verbal\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Telephone call 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_verbal\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Giving pieces of advice in person to a friend 3. \_\_\_\_verbal\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Application letter to a prospect company 4. \_\_\_\_non verbal\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Traffic enforcers giving hand signals in a traffic jam 5. \_\_\_\_\_non verbal\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Giving thumbs up **B. Answer the following questions:** 1. Explain the importance of learning the different non-linguistic elements of non-verbal communication. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. How do paralinguistics elements of non-verbal communication affect communication? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Directions: Identify which type of communication is applicable on the following situations. Justify your answer.** 1. Reviewing your lectures in preparation for your upcoming examination \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Preparing a formal report of the sales of your company \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Informing the public about the typhoon \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Presenting a marketing proposal in a different country \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. Conducting an urgent meeting while everyone is on leave for vacation \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Direction: Identify which principle for effective communication is described in the following:** 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Communicator should clarify the purpose of communication to the receiver, apart from giving due attention to the aspects of timing of communication. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Information should be reliable. This promotes the credibility of the communication and promotes its acceptability. 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The communication channels should be straight forward and short, to minimize delays and distortion of information. 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Fast and automatic system of information flow should be built into the organizational structure, without affecting the accuracy of messages. 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The language and style of communication should match the level of understanding of the receiver. **Direction: Write T before each number if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.** 1. \_\_\_\_T\_\_\_ Consider ethics in your speech at all times. 2. \_\_\_\_T\_\_\_ Effective use of nonverbal communication can strengthen your message. 3. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ How you communicate reflects who you are as a person. 4. \_\_\_F\_\_\_\_ One way to help you build credibility is through effective nonverbal communication. 5. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ There are certain words that are only appropriate at certain times and places. 6. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ To achieve clarity, we must speak the same language as our listeners. 7. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ The use of too many fillers can distract your listeners. 8. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ Verbal communication is better than nonverbal communication. 9. \_\_\_T\_\_\_\_ When you talk to others, you should not assume too quickly that they understand the message that you convey. 10. \_\_\_\_T\_\_\_ When you communicate, choose what you want to say and how you want to say it. **Directions:** **Form a group with five members. Create a group chat of any online platform that is accessible to all. In your group, plan a school activity that you want to organize in your school. Screenshot the conversations in your group from the start you begin facilitating the online chat.** **Individually, answer the following questions:** 1. Was there a lack of communication or miscommunication within your group when you organized and performed your tasks? What are these? Why do you think this happened? \_\_\_Yes, Mica failed to summarize the ideas that the other members suggested, the information was distorted since the receiver did not properly understand the messages. This happened because there are some barriers that affected the conversation.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. What are the barriers to communication that occurred in your online chat? \_\_First is she did not properly understand the message.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. What strategies did you use to avoid barriers and miscommunication? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **References**