Module 14: Global Migration - Past Paper PDF

**Module 14**: Global Migration **PERIOD**: FINAL **Time**: Week 16 Hour: 3 hours **Objectives** At the end of this module, the student should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **GLOBAL MIGRATION** **We Make It Or We Die - BBC Africa Eye documentary** https://www.facebook.com/BBCnewsafrica/pos...

**Module 14**: Global Migration **PERIOD**: FINAL **Time**: Week 16 Hour: 3 hours **Objectives** At the end of this module, the student should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **GLOBAL MIGRATION** **We Make It Or We Die - BBC Africa Eye documentary** https://www.facebook.com/BBCnewsafrica/posts/10159826794480229 **G[lobal migration]**[ can be understood as a cause-and-effect relationship, though the causes are just as numerous as their effects. People move across international borders for various reasons, including (but not limited to): Safety. Natural disaster. Political conflict.] [Historically, the United States has been the major destination country for international migrants. This trend continued in 2019, with an estimated 51 million international migrants living in the country, the largest population of them in the world. Despite the highly politicized negative rhetoric on migrants, the US has been the most significant destination country for decades, with many migrants positively and disproportionately [contributing](https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/international-migrants-day-2019-celebrate/) to aspects of American life.] [Germany and Saudi Arabia, both with around 13 million international migrants in 2019, were the second and third-largest destinations for international migrants, with displacement from Syria driving much of the recent increase in Germany's international migrant population.] India, Mexico, and China topped the list of countries with the largest number of migrants living abroad in 2019. More than 40% of international migrants worldwide were born in Asia, with India alone the origin of 17.5 million. Top 20 destinations (left) and origins (right) of international migrants in 2019 (millions) According to the International Organization for Migration, a specialized agency of the United Nations, [[https://www.iom.int/global-migration-trends]](https://www.iom.int/global-migration-trends), the following are the global migration trends:     **WHAT IS A MIGRANT?** **IOM Definition of "Migrant".** An umbrella term, not defined under international law, reflecting the common lay understanding of a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. The term includes several well-defined legal categories of people, such as migrant workers; persons whose particular types of movements are legally defined, such as smuggled migrants; as well as those whose status or means of movement are not specifically defined under international law, such as international students. *Note*: At the international level, no universally accepted definition for "migrant" exists. The present definition was developed by IOM for its purposes and it is not meant to imply or create any new legal category. According to IOM World Migration Report 2020, Chapter 2 Global Overview, Current estimates are that there are 272 million international migrants globally (or 3.5% of the world's population). [While the vast majority of people in the world continue to live in the country in which they were born, more people are migrating to other countries, especially those within their region. Many others are migrating to high-income countries that are further afield. Work is the major reason that people migrate internationally, and migrant workers constitute a large majority of the world's international migrants, with most living in high-income countries.] Global displacement is at a record high, with the number of internally displaced at over 41 million and the number of refugees at nearly 26 million. **Labor migration **is defined as the movement of persons from their home State to another State for employment. Today, an estimated 86 million persons are working in a country other than their country of birth. **Refugees **are people who have fled war, violence, conflict, or persecution and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country. They often have had to flee with little more than the clothes on their back, leaving behind homes, possessions, jobs, and loved ones. An **internally displaced person (IDP**) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country\'s borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee. Whereas \'[[refugee]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee)\' has an authoritative definition under the [[1951 Refugee Convention]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees), there is no universal legal definition of internally displaced persons (IDP); However, a United Nations report, *Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement* uses the definition of: \"persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border.\"^\[^ **Immigration** is the international movement of people to a destination [country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country) of which they are not natives or where they do not possess [citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship) to settle as [permanent residents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency) or [naturalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalization) citizens. **Human trafficking **is the trade of **humans** for forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal. [**[\*EUROPES DEADLY MIGRATION]**](https://youtu.be/peJ9Y0JHawI) **VIDEO PRESENTATION -- INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION:** [**[https://youtu.be/lOZmqIwqur4]**](https://youtu.be/lOZmqIwqur4) **Greece wants to return 10,000 migrants to Turkey by the end of 2020: https://youtu.be/aj9HJPgZmTU** **PUSH AND PULL FACTORS OF MIGRATION** Matt Rosenberg, [[https://www.thoughtco.com/push-pull-factors-1434837]](https://www.thoughtco.com/push-pull-factors-1434837), explained the theory of Push and Pull Factors In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location. A combination of push-pull factors helps determine the migration or immigration of particular populations from one land to another. **Push factors are often forceful, demanding that a certain person or group of people leave one country for another, or at least giving that person or people strong reasons to want to move---either because of a threat of violence or the loss of financial security. Pull factors, on the other hand, are often the positive aspects of a different country that encourage people to immigrate to seek a better life.** While it may seem that push and pull factors are opposed, they both come into play when a population or person is considering migrating to a new location. **Push Factors: Reasons to Leave** Any number of detrimental factors can be considered push factors, which essentially force a population or person from one country to seek refuge in another country. Conditions that drive people to leave their homes can include a sub-standard level of living, food, land or job scarcity, famine or drought, political or religious persecution, pollution, or even natural disasters. Under the worst circumstances, it may be difficult for a person or group to pick and choose a destination---speed out is more important than selecting the best option for relocation. Although not all push factors require a person to leave a country, the conditions that contribute to a person leaving are often so dire that if they do not choose to leave, they will suffer financially, emotionally, or physically. The Great Potato Famine of the mid-19th century, for example, pushed thousands of Irish families to immigrate to the United States to avoid starvation. Populations with refugee statuses are among the most affected by push factors in a country or region. Refugee populations are often faced with genocide-like conditions in their country of origin, usually because of authoritarian governments or populations opposed to religious or ethnic groups. For example, Jews leaving Germany during the Nazi era were threatened with violent death if they remained in their home country. **Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate** Pull factors are those that help a person or population determine whether relocating to a new country would provide a significant benefit. These factors attract populations to a new place largely because of what the country provides that is not available to them in their country of origin. A promise of freedom from religious or political persecution, availability of career opportunities or cheap land, and an abundance of food could be considered pull factors for migrating to a new country. In each of these cases, a population will have more opportunities to pursue a better life compared to its home country. Students entering universities or seeking jobs in more developed countries, for example, might be able to receive larger salaries and greater opportunities than in their countries of origin. For some individuals and groups, push and pull factors work together. This is particularly the case when push factors are relatively benign. For example, a young adult who cannot find a lucrative job in their home country may consider immigrating only if the opportunities are significantly better elsewhere. **ACTIVITIES = 100%** **To be answered using Moodle or Submit a written answer for Low Technology Student** **Please wait for the directions of your Professor, as some activities have changed.** **Written: 50%** Give an example of PUSH and PULL factors affecting global migration in the Philippines. Push: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Pull \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **FORUM = 50%** 1. 2. **CONGRATULATIONS!** **YOU ARE NOW READY TO PROCEED TO MODULE 15 AFTER ACCOMPLISHING YOUR ACTIVITIES.** **REFERENCES** Hernandez, T.A., Ed. 2018. The Contemporary World. Panday-Lahi Publishing House Inc. International Migration. Retrieved from: Migration. Retrieved from: Organization for Migration. Retrieved from: Matt Rosenberg. Push and Pull Factors of Migration Retrieved from: