Science and Technology and Nation Building Lecture Slides PDF

Science and Technology and Nation Building  Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this leson, students are expected to demonstrate the following: 1. Recall the history of Philippine S&T 2. Discuss how developments in Philippine S&T affect society and the physical environment...

Science and Technology and Nation Building  Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this leson, students are expected to demonstrate the following: 1. Recall the history of Philippine S&T 2. Discuss how developments in Philippine S&T affect society and the physical environment 3. Relate how Filipino philosophical point of views affect the development of S&T 4. Relate S&T roles in nation building  Discussion herbal medicines Farming, building of ships, mining minerals and weaving for clothing were the first skills developed by Filipinos for livelihood Usage of herbs – Pre-Spanish era a superb architectural design like the Banaue rice terraces Banaue rice terraces  Discussion formal education and creation of scientific organizations schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, and music and arts Health and sanitation were University of Santo Tomas also taught to locals. medicine and biology were given focused focused on engineering: construction of buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts Religion was taught  Discussion the former Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Department of Interior - was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and other related research projects In 1905, the Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Science, which became Bureau of Science the main research center of the Philippines In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established - focused on agriculture, medicine and Medicine pharmacy, food processing and forestry In 1946 the Bureau of Science was substituted by the Institute of Science  Discussion President Ferdinand Marcos mandated Department of Education to do a promotion of science courses in public high schools. - budget for research projects in applied sciences and science education - fund for private universities and colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T and to promote research 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Department of Science and Science Community (now DOST site) Technology (DOST) Seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were sponsored by the government.  Discussion Philippine Coconut Research, Philippine Textile Research Institute, Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, National Grains Authority, Philippine Council for Agricultural Research, PAGASA, Philippine National Oil Company, Plant Breeding Institute, International Rice Research Institute, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bureau of Forest Products, National Committee on Geological Sciences, National Science Development Board, and National Science and Technology Authority Research on coconut Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School were built and operated.  Discussion In 1986, President Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science and Technology Authority to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for S&T to be represented in the cabinet S&T to have part on sustainable economic recovery and growth created S&T Master Plan aimed to update the production sector, improve research activities, and develop infrastructure used for S&T. Former Pres. Corazon C. Aquino The R&D Plan determined research areas of priority based on local materials, likelihood of success, potential of product to be exported, and its tactical nature.  Discussion In 1998, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, the Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent scientists and engineers. The "Doctors to the Barrio Program” brought an improvement of life expectancy from 67.5 years to 69.1 years between 1992 to 1995. Incentives were given to people who played significant role in S&T. Republic Act (RA) No. 8439: Magna Carta for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T Scholarship Law of 1994; RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act; and RA No. 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.  Discussion RA No. 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA No. 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 were both signed and mandated during the term of President Joseph E. Estrada. He was also responsible in implementing cost-effective irrigation technologies, distribution of basic health care, nutrition, and education for those who were willing but could not afford. Modernization of the He also laid down a 15-year Philippine Armed modernization program of Forces by Pres. the Armed Forces of the Joseph E. Estrada Philippines.  Discussion During the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was developed to strengthen the educational system and to help the poor. "Filipinnovation" was coined that aimed to make the Philippines an innovation hub in Asia. RA No. 9367: "Biofuels" Act to utilize indigenous materials as source of energy while having cleaner emissions Use drought-free rice, rice that can withstand environmental hazards RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization (AFMech) was also passed that aimed to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment  Discussion In 2014, President Benigno Aquino, Jr. conferred new National Scientists: Gavino C. Trono, who studied seaweed species Gavino C. Trono Angel C. Alcala, who Angel C. Alcala pioneered on coral reefs Ramon C. Barba, who changed the seasonal supply of mangoes Edgardo D. Gomez, who spearheaded the assessment of damaged coral reefs and Ramon C. Barba Edgardo D. Gomez their conservation  Discussion President Rodrigo R. Duterte: S&T budget for R&D grew by nearly six times over the same period of time. Formulation of programs and policies that will aid in shaping the country. DOST to help transfer technology and to put R&D results into commercialization gaining 1,000 new intellectual properties in only a year. Philippine Space Technology Program launching Diwata-2 in 2018, after the launching of Diwata-1 that put our flag Philippine 1st satellite: Diwata-1 in space. S&T on agriculture and disaster preparedness. S&T effects on society and the environment and vice versa Mechanized agriculture Water pumps and sprinkler cope with the damaging heat cause by the changing climate and weather. Production of GMO crops which grow faster and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Fertilizers needed by the crops to increase nutrients in the soil, enhance the Mechanized farming growth of the crops and produce high- quality yields. Improved transportation by road, by air, by water and even by space. Better communication thru radios, televisions, internet, and social media. S&T has enhanced the learning process and quality education. - Visual learning and online learning Online learning S&T effects on society and the environment and vice versa Resource depletion Increasing wastes generated and emitted as these technologies are manufactured, and eventually when the products are disposed. S&T has also increased our population. Advanced birth control methods mayResource depletion and pollution help balance population and the resources but only in developed countries. In developing countries, there is no control on birth rate, mortality rate is high, resources like food are scarce and health and sanitation are also poor. Poor sanitation  Filipino Philosophical Point of Views S&T is a means to address public good benefiting both individually and socially the largest number of the local or national population. consideration of individual interests build unity and subsidiarity, which is working together for the common good. government must exercise utilitarian perspective that a development project or a government service like education, public health, transportations, infrastructure, military defense and other social services must promote common welfare of the population.  Filipino Philosophical Point of Views The idea of the public good must be balanced between its ideal (economic) logic and its practical (ethical) logic. - applying the Aristotelian concept that is an individual seeks not only his personal needs or wants but also those of others in order to survive. The government should be on top of ensuring public good with rational perspective. Private groups or civil societies may pursue a public good through their own initiative even if the government cannot support them financially so as to promote welfare of everybody, be it on community, institutional, or national level.  Filipino Philosophical Point of Views Filipinos must attain certain level of scientific literacy since science is linked to technology and industrialization. Filipinos are having difficulty attaining this literacy due to: lack of science culture, deficiencies or congested curriculum, poor teaching learning process, lack of instructional materials and teacher training, lack of textbooks, and lack of laboratories The introduction of K to 12 may help bridge the gap. Government has continuously prioritize education in their national budget. Filipino Philosophical Point of Views Issues and concerns about S&T focus on: lack of funding in research and development (R&D), lack trained and skilled R&D manpower, and lack and failure of policies and regulations. Projects most of the time have no focus due to differences in interests of the proponents and funding institutions. No mechanism for possible collaboration with industries. Individuals who are member of the society, the government and the private sectors thus, need to continuously look for the public good. Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Assignment 2. Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Deadline of Submission: November 04, 2024 READING: Gripaldo, Rolando M. (2007). The concept of the public good: a view from a Filipino philosopher Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Answer the following questions in a 1 whole sheet of paper. 1. (3) Things that I significantly learned from the readings 2. (3) Things that are still unclear to me 3. I used to think that…. 4. (3) questions that I want to ask about the readings