Exam 2 Review Quiz

1. The alpha TCR chain is located on chromosome 14. The beta TCR chain is located on chromosome 7. The delta TCR chain is located on chromosome 14. The gamma TCR chain is located on chromosome 7. 2. Two distinct lineages of T cells can be identified based on their expression of alpha:beta...

1. The alpha TCR chain is located on chromosome 14. The beta TCR chain is located on chromosome 7. The delta TCR chain is located on chromosome 14. The gamma TCR chain is located on chromosome 7. 2. Two distinct lineages of T cells can be identified based on their expression of alpha:beta versus gamma:delta T-cell receptors. A deficiency in the signaling receptor, Notch1, would result in a loss of both alpha:beta and gamma:delta T cells. 3. T cells (T lymphocytes) are crucial in the recognition of antigens presented by MHC. The T-cell progenitors undergo proliferation and differentiation in the thymus and form a mature T-cell. The bone marrow is the organ which is the origin of T cell progenitors. 4. The binding of pMHC:TCR and CD4, followed by the co-stimulatory binding of CD28:CD8-/86 (B7), produces: activation. T-cells need 2 signals to be activated, the TCR with p:MHC and the co-stimulatory signal with B7 (CD80/86) with CD28. 5. Pre-TCR complex consists of the beta-chain of TCR and CD3 molecules that are formed during the proliferation of T-cells. The pre-TCR complex functions in: signaling productive rearrangement of TCR beta for further proliferation, suppressing further rearrangement of the beta-chain, preparing cells for rearrangement of the alpha-chain. 6. Positive selection is what commits T-cells for CD4 or CD8 single positive T-cells. 7. The three phagocytes are: macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. 8. The three professional antigen-presenting cells are: dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells. 9. Once in the thymus, the immature thymocytes travel outward to the cortex and progressively move back inward to the medulla throughout their development. 10. The thymus: has a network of epithelial cells for structure, is associated with positive and negative selection, is where T-cell development occurs. 11. T-cells begin to commit to the single-positive cell type of either CD4+ or CD8+ during positive selection. 12. All T-cells express CD3. 13. NK cells have KIRs and KARs, and NKT cells only have TCRs. 14. ZAP70 is the tyrosine kinase that transmits the signal onward along the T-cell signaling pathway when it is activated. ZAP70 transmits the signal for T-cell development and activation. 15. Successive rearrangements can rescue an initial nonproductive beta-chain rearrangement, but only if that rearrangement involves D and J segments associated with the C-beta-2 gene segment. 16. TGF-beta and IL-6 induce differentiation of TH17 effector cells. 17. The cytokines characteristically produced by TREG cells are: IL-10 and TGF-beta. 18. The cell types associated with Type I Immunity are: NK cells, CD8 T-cells, and ILC1. 19. IL-12 is known for inducing differentiation of multiple innate and adaptive cell types, such as CD8+ T cells, Th1 CD4+ T cells, ILC1, and NK cells. 20. TH1 produces TNF-alpha. 21. TH2 produces IL-5. 22. TH17 produces 1L-17. 23. TREG produces IL-10. 24. ILC2 produces IL-13. 25. NK cells produce granzyme.