Module 1.docx

***Module 1: Introduction to the Profession*** ***[Introduction to the Computing Industry]*** **What is Computer Science?** - Ranges from theory through programming to cutting-edges development of computing solutions. - Offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new techn...

***Module 1: Introduction to the Profession*** ***[Introduction to the Computing Industry]*** **What is Computer Science?** - Ranges from theory through programming to cutting-edges development of computing solutions. - Offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas. - Most computer science programs require some mathematical background. *[The work of computer scientists falls into three categories:]* a. Designing and building software. b. Developing effective ways to solve computing problems, such as storing information in databases, sending data over networks or providing new approaches to security problems. c. Devising new and better ways of using computers and addressing particular challenges in areas such as robotics, computer vision, or digital forensics. **What is Information Systems?** - Concerned with the information that computer systems can provide to aid a company, non-profit or governmental organization in defining and achieving its goals. - Concerned with the processes that an enterprise can implement and improve using information technology. *[IS professionals must:]* a. Understand both technical and organizational factors. b. Be able to help an organization determine how information and technology enabled business processes can provide a foundation for superior organizational performance. - Information technology (IT) is a label that has two meanings. In common usage, the term "information technology" is often used to refer to all of computing. - As a name of an undergraduate degree program, it refers to the preparation of students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organization. - IT professionals possess the right combination of knowledge and practical, hands-on expertise to take care of both an organization's information technology infrastructure and the people who use it. - They assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization. - They integrate those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and install, customize and maintain those applications, thereby providing a secure and effective environment that supports the activities of the organization's computer users. a. Understanding how network systems are composed and structured, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. b. Important software systems concerns such as reliability, security, usability, and effectiveness and efficiency for their intended purpose. ***[The Computer Industry]*** **What is the expected demand for computer professionals?** - Currently 10.5M computer workers increase of 2 to 3% annually. - The number of students majoring in computer-related fields is declining. ***[Careers in the Computer Industry]*** **What are the primary areas where job opportunities are found?** - General business and government organizations - Computer equipment field - Computer software field - Computer service and repair field - Computer sales - Computer education and training field - IT consulting field **What is an information technology (IT) department?** - Department in business or government agency that employs people in computer-related jobs. - Responsible for keeping all computer operations and networks operating smoothly. **What are the jobs are available in an IT department?** ***Management*** Chief Information Officer / VP of IT E-commerce Administrator Project Manager / Manager ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------- Chief Security Officer Network Administrator ***System Development and Programing*** Application Programmer Software Engineer Technical Writer Computer Scientist System Analyst Technical Lead Database Analyst Systems Programmer Web Page Author ***Technical Services*** Computer Forensics Specialist Desktop Publisher Quality Assurance Specialist Computer Technician Graphic Designer / Illustrator Security Administrator Database Administrator Network Security Specialist Web Administrator / Webmaster ***Operations*** Computer Operator Data Communications Analyst ***Training*** Corporate Trainer Help Desk Specialist **What is the computer equipment field?** - Manufacturers and distributors of computers and computer-related hardware. - Careers involve design, manufacture, and production of computer equipment. **What is the computer software filed?** **\ ** **What is the computer service and repair field?** - Provides preventative maintenance, component installation, and repair services. - Computer technician; installs, maintains, and repair hardware. **What are the career opportunities in computer sales?** - Computer sales people need general understanding of computers and specific knowledge of the product they are selling. **What are career opportunities in education and training?** - Schools, colleges, universities, and private companies need educators and trainers. - Corporate trainers teach employees how to use software, design and develop systems, and program. **What is an IT consultant?** - Individual who draws upon expertise in specialized are of computers. - Computer Selection - System Design - Communications - Hardware and software configuration - Network design and installation - Web development ***[Preparing for a Career in the Computer Industry]*** **What are the three broad disciplines in higher education that produce the majority of entry-level employees in the computer industry?** *Computer Information Systems* *Computer Science / Software Engineering* *Computer Engineering* --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- *Practice and application oriented* *Theory Oriented* *Design oriented* *Business and Management Oriented* *Mathematics and science oriented* *Mathematics and science oriented* *Understand how to design and implement information systems* *Understand the fundamental nature of hardware and software* *Understand the fundamental nature of hardware and electronics* *Certificates Degree include A.A., A.A.S., A.S., B.A., B.S., M.S., Ph.D.* *Degrees include B.S., M.S., Ph.D.* *Degrees include B.S., M.S., Ph.D.* **What is computer information systems (CIS)?** - Program that emphasize technical knowledge and skills. - Sometimes called management information systems (MIS) or management information technology. - Introduction to Computers - Object-Oriented Programming - Networks - Computer Operating Systems - Systems Analysis and Design - Database Management Systems - Web Development - Two semesters of two or more of the following programming languages: C++, Java, Visual Basic, NET 2D03, COBOL *[Other Courses:]* - Algebra - Accounting and other business courses - Statistics **What is computer science (CS)?** - Programs that stress theoretical side of programming and operating systems. - Also called software engineering. - Introduction to Computers - Object-Oriented Programming - Data Communications - Systems Analysis and Design - Software Engineering - Data and File Structures - Computer Operating Systems - Artificial Intelligence - Two semesters of at least one of the following programming languages: C++, Java, Assembler *[Math Courses:]* - Calculus -- 2 semesters - Physics -- 2 semester **What is computer engineering (CE)?** - Teaches students how to design and develop the electrical components found in computers and peripheral devices. - Required courses include application and systems programming, data and file structures, networks, and operating systems. **How do companies advertise computer-related job openings?** - Some Web sites specialized in helping people find jobs. - Some allow job seekers to submit resumes online. **What are some organizations for computer professionals?** - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)---science-oriented - Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)---programmers, systems analysts, and information processing managers. - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) - Association for Information Systems (AIS) - Association for Women in Computing (AWC) - Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP) (formerly DPMA) - IEEE Computer Society - Independent Computer Consultants Association (ICCA) - Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - National Association of Programmers (NAP) **What is user group?** - Collection of people with common computer equipment or software interests. - Apple User Groups - Association of Personal Computer User Groups (APCUG) - C/C++ Users Group (CUG) - Independent Oracle Users Group (IOUG) - Java Users Group (JUG) - Linux Users Groups Worldwide (LUGWW) -.NET Users Group - UNIX Users Group **What is professional growth and continuing education?** - Events such as workshops, seminars, conferences, conventions, and trade shows. - CES---trade show that brings together hundreds of vendors and more than 130,000 attendees. - Training in form of books, video-based training, computer-based training (CBT), Web-based training (WBT), and instructor-led training. **How can you stay informed about the computer industry?** - Computer industry publications - News, blogs, and technical Web sites ***[Certification and Technology Trends]*** ***[Certification]*** **What is certification?** - Process of verifying technical knowledge in a particular area. - Proficiency is acknowledged with certificate. - Enhances employee's career, provides better standing as industry professional, and higher salaries and bonuses. - Vendors provide access to technical information, advanced training, and discounts on publications and tools. **How does certification benefit customers, employers, and industry?** - Customers receive better service from employees with certification(s) - Employers benefit from more productive and knowledgeable workers - Certification is a form of industry self-regulation - Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP) defines standards designed to raise competence level for computer industry **What are factors to consider in choosing a certification?** - Consider the expenses and the time involved to obtain the certification. - Examine employment projections - Look at job listings to see what certifications are sought. - Read evaluations of certifications - Talk to people in the industry - Think about complementary combinations of certifications to meet your goals. **What options are available to prepare for certification?** - Self-study - Online training classes - Web courses - Instructor-led training **What are examinations like?** - Taken using computers - Some are multiple choice, others are skill based - With computerized adaptive testing, the tests analyze a person's responses while taking the test. ***[A Guide to Certification]*** **What are application software certifications?** - Focus on knowledge of application software - Sometimes called end-user certifications - Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS) -- sponsored by Microsoft - Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) -- sponsored by Microsoft - Adobe Certified Expert -- sponsored by Adobe Systems - IBM Certified Professional for Lotus Software -- sponsored by IBM - Macromedia Certified Professional -- sponsored by Macromedia **What are operating system certifications?** - Focus on particular skills---user, operator, system administrator, and system engineer. - Differing levels of certifications. - Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) -- sponsored by Microsoft - Certified Linux Professional (CNP) -- sponsored by Novell - Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) -- sponsored by Red Hat - Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) -- sponsored by Red Hat - Sun Certified System Administrator -- sponsored by Sun - IBM Certified Specialist -- sponsored by IBM **What are programming certifications?** - Recognition of programming training - Broadens knowledge and skill base - Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) -- sponsored by IEEE Computer Society - IBM Certified Solution Developer -- sponsored by IBM - Microsoft Certified Professional Developer (MCPD) -- sponsored by Microsoft - Sun Certified Enterprise Architect -- sponsored by Sun - Sun Certified Developer -- sponsored by Sun - Sun Certified Programmer -- sponsored by Sun **What are hardware certifications?** - Recognition of general knowledge of hardware and controlling software needed to set up, maintain, and repair a computer. - Can be narrowly or broadly focused - A+ - sponsored by Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) - IBM eServer Certified Specialist -- sponsored by IBM - NACSE Network Technician (NNT) -- sponsored by National Association of Communication Systems Engineers (NACSE) **What are networking certifications?** - Awarded to professionals who demonstrate expertise in planning, installing, managing, and troubleshooting a network. - Certified Novell Administrator (CNA) sponsored by Novell - Certified Novell Engineer (CNE) sponsored by Novell - Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) sponsored by Cisco - Network+ sponsored by Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) - Sun Certified Network Administrator sponsored by Sun **What are computer forensics certifications?** - Discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks. - Certificate holders are considered highly credible during computer crimes cases. - Certified Electronic Evidence Collection Specialist (CEECS) sponsored by International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists (IACIS) - Certified Forensic Computer Examiner (CFCE) sponsored by International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists (IACIS) - Certified Computer Examiner (CCE) sponsored by International Society of Forensic Computer Examiners (ISFCE) **What are security certifications?** - Measure a candidate's ability to identify and control security risks to computer resources. - Certified Information Security Professional (CISSP) sponsored by (ISC)^2^ - Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) sponsored by (ISC)^2^ - Security Certified Network Professional (SCNP)sponsored by The Security Certified Program - Security Certified Network Architect (SCNA) sponsored by The Security Certified Program **What are Internet certifications?** - Require technical expertise in networking hardware and configuration - Include Web management, Web programming, and Web development certifications - Certified Internet Webmaster (CIW) sponsored by Prosoft Training - Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) sponsored by Cisco - Certified Web Professional (CWP) sponsored by International Webmasters Association **What are database system certifications?** - Awarded for knowledge of a specific database management system - Test the various tasks a database management staff must perform - IBM Certified Solutions Expert--DB2 sponsored by IBM - IBM Certified Solutions Expert--Informix sponsored by IBM - Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) sponsored by Microsoft - Oracle Certified Professional (OCP) sponsored by Oracle - Sybase Certified Professional sponsored by Sybase ***[Latest Trends and Technologies]*** **Artificial Intelligence (AI)** - Artificial Intelligence continues to be a trend to watch because its effects on how we live, work and play are only in the early stages. - AI refers to computers systems built to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks such as recognition of images, speech or patterns and decision making. - AI can do these tasks faster and more accurately than humans. **Machine Learning** - Machine Learning is a subset of AI. - Computers are programmed to learn to do something they are not programmed to do. - They learn by discovering patterns and insights from data. - Neural networks, natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning are some subsets of Machine Learning. **Robotic Process Automation or RPA** - RPA is the use of software to automate business processes such as interpreting applications, processing transactions, dealing with data, and even replying to emails. - RPA automates repetitive tasks that people used to do. - These are not just the menial tasks of a low-paid worker: up to 45 percent of the activities we do can be automated, including the work of financial managers, doctors and CEOs. **Blockchain** - Most people think of blockchain technology in relation to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. - Blockchain offers security that is useful in many other ways. In the simplest of terms, blockchain can be described as data you can only add to, not take away from or change. - Blockchains are consensus-driven so no one entity can take control of the data. **Edge Computing** - Cloud computing has become mainstream, with major players AWS (Amazon Web Services), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud dominating the market. - Cloud computing is no longer the emerging technology. Edge is. - Edge computing is designed to help solve some problems of cloud computing as a way to bypass the latency caused by cloud computing and getting data to a data center for processing. **Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)** - Virtual Reality (VR) immerses the user in an environment. - Augment Reality (AR) enhances their environment. - Although VR has primarily been used for gaming thus far, it has also been used for training. - Both have enormous potential in training, entertainment, education, marketing, and even rehabilitation after an injury. **Cyber Security** - Cyber security might not seem like emerging technology but it is evolving just as other technologies are. - Hackers will continue to find ways to get through even the toughest security measures. - New technology is being adapted to enhance security. - As long as we have hackers, we will have cyber security as an emerging technology because it will constantly evolve to defend against those hackers. **Internet of Things** - Many "things" are now being built with WiFi connectivity, meaning they can be connected to the Internet---and to each other. - Internet of things enables devices, home appliances, cars and much more to be connected to and exchange data over the Internet. - The number of Internet of Things devices reached 8.4 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach 30 billion devices after 3 years.