Chapter 1-MIS PDF

CHAPTER 1 The Modern Organization Functioning in a Global Environment  CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? 1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society ...

CHAPTER 1 The Modern Organization Functioning in a Global Environment  CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? 1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society  IT vs. IS Information Technology (IT) is all forms of technology (tool) used to create, store, exchange and use information. Information Systems (IS) is the combination of technology (the “what”), people (the “who”) and process (the “how”) that organization uses to produce and manage information. ** Pearlson and Saunders (2013) Strategic Management of Information systems 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? Homo Conexus You are the most connected generation in history. You practice continuous computing. You are surrounded by a personal, movable information network. You can pull information from the Web and push your ideas back to the Web. Continuous Computing  The Informed User – You! Informed User: a person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology  Tend to get more value from whatever technologies / systems they use  Improve the organizations’ performance, productivity and team work  Help selecting new information systems / applications  Build your own company (entrepreneur) Build Your Own Multinational Company http://www.domystuff.com/ http://www.vworker.com/ http://www.webgrity.com/ http://www.b2kcorp.com/ http://www.globetask.com/ http://www.guru.com/ https://www.elance.com/  Digital Nomads Digital nomad is someone who uses information technologies such as smart phones, wireless Internet access, and Web-based applications to work remotely from anywhere. IT Offers Career Opportunities www.simplyhired.com Feb. 02, 2020 IT Offers Career Opportunities https://www.careerjet.com.om/ Feb. 06, 2021 “Top Jobs” in America “Top Jobs” in America CIO “Top Jobs” in America Managing Information Resources Traditional Functions of MIS Department Example: manage data center Consultative Functions of MIS Department Example: create business alliances 1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems Data Data: elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. Examples: 3.5 high 6:00 pm Information Information: data that is organized and structured within a context, and provides meaning Example: Sultan got 3.5 GPA The temperature is very high today Oman Air will depart at 6:00 pm to London Knowledge Knowledge: information organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.  Know-what  Know-how Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge  Computer-Based Information Systems Computer-based information systems are information systems that use computer technology to perform some or all of their intended tasks. Hardware Software Database Procedures Network People  Computer-Based Information Systems Hardware is a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard or printer Software is a program or collection of programs that enable hardware to process data. Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components in order to process information and generate the desired output. People are those individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or uses its output.  Capabilities of Information Systems  Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations  Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations  Store huge amounts of information in small space  Allow quick, inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide  Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently  Increase effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or around the world  Automate semiautomatic business process and manual tasks Types of Information Systems Information Systems Inside an Organization Types of Information Systems  Types of Information Systems Information Technology Infrastructure: The IT components, IT services and IT personnel that support an entire organization. IT components (platform) consist of hardware, software, telecommunications and networks, and wireless communications. IT services consist of data management, managing security and risk, and systems development. IT personnel use IT components to produce IT services.  Types of Information Systems Functional area information systems (FAIS) support particular functional areas [HR, Marketing, Manufacturing, Finance] in an organization. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems tightly integrate the functional area information systems via a common database Types of Information Systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing (real time) of data from the organization’s basic business transactions. Example: point-of-sale (POS) system at Carrfour Interorganizational information systems connect two or more organizations. Example: supply chain management systems Types of Information Systems Office automation systems (OAS) support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers. These people use OASs to development documents, schedule resources, and communicate. Business intelligence systems (BI) provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine systems, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. Types of Information Systems Expert Systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. Dashboards support all managers by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.  1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? IT reduces the number of middle managers. IT changes the manager’s job. Will IT eliminate jobs? IT impacts employees at work.  Ergonomic Ergonomic: the science of designing machines and work settings that minimize injury and illness Ergonomic Products 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society IT Affects Our Quality of Life Robot Revolution on the Way Improvements in Healthcare The Robot Revolution See video of Big Dog robot in action See ASIMO commercial See video of ASIMO in action See video of ASIMO learning  The Robot revolution (continued) Industrial Robots See video of warehouse robots at work Telepresence Robots See video of telepresence robot in action  Improvements in Health Care See video of the pill cam in action The patient swallows the Pill Cam (camera). The camera takes an image of the digestive tract at intervals, and sends the images to a device that patients wear on their belts. The patients take their devices to their doctors who download the images and view them on a screen. *** May do away with endoscopy and the need for general anesthetic for the procedure.