Mock Exam Study Guide PDF

E-Assessment content For Mock Exam Feb 2025: Criteria A, B, C and D THE ASSESSMENT WILL COVER ALL OF THE CONTENTS GIVEN BELOW: Unit-1 Animal Biology Transport in Mammals Describe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to...

E-Assessment content For Mock Exam Feb 2025: Criteria A, B, C and D THE ASSESSMENT WILL COVER ALL OF THE CONTENTS GIVEN BELOW: Unit-1 Animal Biology Transport in Mammals Describe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure a one-way flow of blood Describe the double circulation in terms of circulation to the lungs and circulation to the body tissues in mammals Explain the advantages of a double-circulation Name and identify the structures of the mammalian heart, limited to the muscular wall, the septum, the left and right ventricles and atria, one-way valves and coronary arteries State that blood is pumped away from the heart into arteries and returns to the heart in veins Describe the functioning of the heart in terms of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves Investigate and state the effect of physical activity on pulse rate Explain the effect of physical activity on the heart rate List the components of blood as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma Identify red and white blood cells, as seen under the light microscope, on prepared slides and in diagrams and photomicrographs State the functions of the following components of blood: a. – red blood cells in transporting oxygen, including the role of hemoglobin b. – white blood cells in phagocytosis and antibody production c. – platelets in clotting (details are not required) d. – plasma in the transport of blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide Gas exchange and respiration Name and identify the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries List the features of gas exchange surfaces in animals, limited to large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply, and good ventilation with air State the differences in composition between inspired and expired air limited to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air. Use lime water as a test for carbon dioxide to investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathing Explain the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathing in terms of the increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, causing an increased rate of breathing Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus, and ciliated cells in protecting the gas exchange system from pathogens and particles Hormones in humans: Define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs Sexual reproduction in humans: Identify on diagrams of the male reproductive system: the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis State the function of the parts of the male reproductive system: the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis Identify on diagrams of the female reproductive system: the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina State the function of the parts of the female reproductive system: the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina Describe fertilization as the fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg cell/ovum) Define sexual reproduction as a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other Compare male and female gametes in terms of size, structure, motility and numbers State the adaptive features of sperm, limited to flagellum and the presence of enzymes State the adaptive features of egg cells, limited to energy stores and a jelly coating that changes after fertilization Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the ovaries and in the lining of the uterus (knowledge of sex hormones not required) UNIT 2 : Chemical Reactions Energy changes in chemical reactions Describe the meaning of exothermic and endothermic reactions.Describe bond breaking as an endothermic process and bond forming as an exothermic process.Draw and label energy level diagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions using data provided.Interpret energy level diagrams showing exothermic and endothermic reactions and the activation energy of a reaction  Chemical Reactions Rate (speed) of reaction. Describe practical methods for investigating the rate of a reaction that produces a gas. Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with the rate of reaction Suggest suitable apparatus, given information, for experiments, including collection of gases and measurement of rates of reaction Describe the effect of concentration, particle size, catalysts, and temperature on the rate of reactions Describe and explain the effect of changing concentration in terms of the frequency of collisions between reacting particles Describe and explain the effect of changing temperature in terms of the frequency of collisions between reacting particles and more colliding particles possessing the minimum energy (activation energy) to react Metals Properties of metals. Describe the general physical properties of metals as solids with high melting and boiling points, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity. Describe alloys, such as brass, as mixtures of a metal with other elements. Explain why alloys are used instead of pure metals in terms of their properties. Identify representations of alloys from diagrams of structure. Reactivity series Place in order of reactivity: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum (carbon), zinc, iron, (hydrogen), and copper, by reference to the reactions, if any, of the elements with:water or steam–dilute hydrochloric acid– reduction of their oxides with carbon. Describe the reactivity series in terms of the tendency of a metal to form its positive ion, illustrated by its reaction, if any, with the aqueous ions of other listed metals. Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of experimental results Acids, bases and salts Ions 1. Describe oxidation and reduction in chemical reactions in terms of loss /gain of electrons 2. Introduction to polyatomic ions (ammonium, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxide, nitrate) 3. (Oxidation state:limited to its use to name ions, e.g. iron(II), iron(III), copper(II).) The characteristic properties of acids and bases 4. Describe neutrality and relative acidity and alkalinity in terms of pH (whole numbers only) measured using Universal Indicator  5. Describe the characteristic properties of acids (exemplified by dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid) including their effect on litmus paper and their reactions with metals, bases and carbonates Homologous series 1. Describe the homologous series of alkanes and alkenes as families of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties Alkanes / Fuels 1. Describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons whose molecules contain only single covalent bonds 2. Describe the properties of alkanes (exemplified by methane) as being generally unreactive, except in terms of burning 3. Describe the complete combustion of hydrocarbons to give carbon dioxide and water 4. State that coal, natural gas and petroleum are fossil fuels that produce carbon dioxide on combustion Unit-3 Thermal Physics Simple kinetic molecular model of matter 1. State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases 2. Relate the properties of solids, liquids and gases to the forces and distances between the molecules and to the motion of the molecules 3. Describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement, separation, and motion of the molecules 4. Use and describe the use of thermometers to measure temperature on the Celsius scale 5. State the meaning of melting point and boiling point, and recall the melting and boiling points for water 6. Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid 7. Relate evaporation to the consequent cooling of the liquid 8. Demonstrate an understanding of how temperature, surface area and draught over a surface influence evaporation Matter and thermal properties  1. Describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure 2. Identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion Thermal processes Conduction 1. Recognise and name typical good and bad thermal conductors 2. Describe experiments to demonstrate the properties of good and bad thermal conductors 3. Explain conduction in solids in terms of molecular vibrations and transfer by electrons Convection 1. Recognise convection as the main method of energy transfer in fluids 2. Relate convection in fluids to density changes 3. Interpret and describe experiments designed to illustrate convection in liquids and gases (fluids) Radiation 1. Recognise radiation as the method of energy transfer that does not require a medium to travel through 2. Identify infrared radiation as the part of the electromagnetic spectrum often involved in energy transfer by radiation 3. Describe the effect of surface color (black or white) and texture (dull or shiny) on the emission, absorption and reflection of radiation 4. Interpret and describe experiments to investigate the properties of good and bad and absorbers of infra-red radiation. Consequences of energy transfer 1. Identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation Grade-9 contents for Mock Exam Cells Cell structure -State that living organisms are made of cells - Understand the relationship between cells, tissues and organ systems. -Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope, limited to cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles and location of the cell membrane -State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal cell -Apply the relationship between actual size, magnification, and image size under a microscope The Periodic Table 1. Describe the Periodic Table as a method of classifying elements and its use to predict properties of elements 2. To be able to explain how the periodic table is arranged, in terms of the structure of atoms. Atomic structure and the Periodic Table 1. Describe the structure of an atom in terms of a central nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, and ‘shells’ of electrons 2. Describe the build-up of electrons in ‘shells’ and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures and of the outer shell electrons (The ideas of the distribution of electrons in s and p orbitals and in d block elements are not required) 3. State the charges and approximate relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons 4. Define and use proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 5. Define and use nucleon number (mass number) as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 6. Isotopes Periodic trends 1. Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period 2. Describe and explain the relationship between Group number, number of outer shell electrons and metallic/non-metallic character Group properties 1. Describe lithium, sodium and potassium in Group I as a collection of relatively soft metals showing a trend in melting point, density and reaction with water 2. Predict the properties of other elements in Group I, given data, where appropriate 3. Describe the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group VII, as a collection of diatomic nonmetals showing a trend in colour and physical state 4. Predict the properties of other elements in Group VII, given data where appropriate 5. Identify trends in other groups, given data about the elements concerned Transition elements 1. Describe the transition elements as a collection of metals having high densities, high melting points and forming coloured compounds, and which, as elements and compounds, often act as catalysts Asexual reproduction 1. Define asexual reproduction as a process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent 2. Identify examples of asexual reproduction from information provided 3. To be able to describe the process of cell division by mitosis. 4. To be able to describe the process of cell division by meiosis Global Context: Scientific and technical innovation The focus question and description of this global context are: How do we understand the world in which we live? Students will explore the natural world and its laws; the interaction between people and the natural world; how humans use their understanding of scientific principles; the impact of scientific and technological advances on communities and environments; the impact of environments on human activity; how humans adapt environments to their needs. Criteria D task relates to, inspired by or derived from the selected global context.