Media and Information Literacy Reviewer PDF

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER Introduction to Communication and Media Information Literacy MEDIA LITERACY - ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of media forms. Ex. Percy watched coverage of a political event on two different news...

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER Introduction to Communication and Media Information Literacy MEDIA LITERACY - ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of media forms. Ex. Percy watched coverage of a political event on two different news channels and noticed significant differences in how the event was portrayed. INFORMATION LITERACY - ability to recognize when information is needed to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and communicate information in its various formats. Ex. Lola Gloria searched for information online about a medical condition she had recently been diagnosed with. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information. Ex. Clark wanted to control who could see his Instagram story. He navigated the privacy settings and adjusted the audience settings to restrict access to only trusted friends. The Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media PRE – INDUSTRIAL AGE (before 1700) People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forges weapons & tools with stones & other materials People learned how to etch in caves, and they drew what they saw around them such as animals and nature, thus creating rock art. o Cave paintings o Clay tablets in Mesopotamia o Papyrus in Egypt o Codex in Mayan Region INDUSTRIAL AGE Technology shifted from using hand tools to operating power-driven machines. People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, and established iron production. Communication during the Industrial Age also became viable because of the invention of the telegraph. o Printing Press (for mass production) o Telegraphs o Typewriter o Telephone o Motion pictures ELECTRONIC AGE Electronic refers to an object that has electronic components, such as sensors and microchips, which function once it is connected to an electrical outlet. The invention of the transistor gave way for the electronic age. In this age, long distance communication has become more efficient. o Radio o Television o Mainframe Computers  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER INFORMATION/NEW AGE The internet started at this age. It paved the way for faster communication and the creation of social networks. Makes available of instant access to knowledge that would have been difficult or impossible to find previously o Mobile Phones o Internet o Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995) o Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007) o Video: YouTube (2005) Media and Information Languages MEDIA LANGUAGE – the way in which the meaning of media text is conveyed to the readers or viewers. It is usually conveyed through media codes and conventions. CODES – consists of signs and symbols that are put together to create meaning THREE TYPES OF CODES SYMBOLIC CODES – social in nature; easily understood. o Wearing purple in celebration of women’s month o Using dove to represent peace WRITTEN CODES – are formal written language used in a media product. o Headlines and captions o Speech bubbles in comics TECHNICAL CODES – ways in which equipment is used to tell the story. o Camera techniques o Types of shots o Editing o Audio o Lighting BASIC CAMERA SHOTS Extreme wide shot Medium Wide shot Full Shot Medium Close Shot Close up shot Extreme close up shot BASIC CAMERA ANGLES Low angle shot Eye – level angle shot High angle shot Worm’s eye view shot Dutch tilt shot Bird’s eye view shot CONVENTIONS – generally accepted way of doing things that have formed into a habit because of repeated exposure and experience of these messages. Example: Using laugh track to simulate laughter in a sitcom Using flashback techniques to provide backstory  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER Issue, News, and Different Types of Media NEWS Refers to information about current events & events on a daily basis It is new, significant, interesting, and it is about people. It may dwell on international or regional issues and focus on business, health, weather, sports, etc. ISSUES Subject, or problem people are thinking or talking about. Oftentimes, there are range of differing views on the topic. Collection of news both present and in the past that are significant. MAIN SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION PRINT MEDIA BROADCAST MEDIA DIGITAL MEDIA MEDIA CONVERGENCE – process by which multiple media technologies are brought together into one computerized device. For example, smartphones can do the jobs which newspapers, GPSs, and telephones used to accomplish separately. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY – the intangible value we place on original, creative work; the ideas and concepts, and the physical things that represent that effort. Inventions, songs, paintings, formulas, designs, and the models, recordings, products etc. that result from or represent the creative effort. TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PATENT – granted by the government to the inventor, giving the inventor the right to stop others, for a limited period, from making, using, or selling the invention without permission. TRADEMARK – recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source & distinguishes them from others. COPYRIGHT – term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary or artistic works. REPUBLIC ACT 8293 also known as Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. COMMON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY VIOLATIONS TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT PATENT INFRINGEMENT COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT PLAGIARISM FAIR USE – is a principle in Copyright Law that provides us with a limited ability to use copyrighted material without getting permission for limited purposes like: Commentary Criticism Teaching News reporting Research Personal use Non-profit uses GUIDELINES FOR FAIR USE Most of the content you create must be your own. Give credit to the copyright holder. Don't make money from copyrighted work.  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER Digital Divide, Addiction, and Cyberbullying DIGITAL DIVIDE – term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology and those that don't or have restricted access. can exist between those living in rural areas and those living in urban areas, between the educated and uneducated, between economic classes, and; on a global scale between more and less industrially developed nations. TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION – excessive use of technology devices and platforms like smartphones, computers, social media, video games. MENTAL EFFECTS: A feeling of guilt of overusing the internet/technology Euphoria feelings when using technology/internet Inability to determine priorities or to postpone plans Isolation from one's social environment Losing the concept of time Avoiding work; poor performance at work or school Fear of not having access to the internet/technology CYBERBULLYING – bullying through electronic means. one of the many problems brought about by technological advancements. This may involve: exposing embarrassing content about someone sending messages with the intention of hurting the receiver emotionally or mentally offensive name-calling spread of false or harmful rumors HOW TO PREVENT OR STOP CYBERBULLYING Save threats and document them, including threatening texts, sexually explicit pictures, or harassing messages Report incidents of cyber-bullying to the website used, the cell phone company, and the ISP involved. Block the bully's mobile number or email address on the devices. Contact the school or parents of the bully if you can identify them.