Migration Exam Technique Booklet EMU PDF

Exam Technique Paper 1: Migration through time  Exam Question Bank – Describe two features… 1a. Describe one feature of…. 1a/b. Describe on feature of……. 1b. Describe one feature of…. Technique: 1. Give a feature 2. Develop with support information. Exemplar answers: 1. Descr...

Exam Technique Paper 1: Migration through time  Exam Question Bank – Describe two features… 1a. Describe one feature of…. 1a/b. Describe on feature of……. 1b. Describe one feature of…. Technique: 1. Give a feature 2. Develop with support information. Exemplar answers: 1. Describe one feature of Notting Hill that encouraged Caribbean migrants to settle in the area after the Second World War. One feature of Notting Hill that encouraged Caribbean migrants to settle there after WW2 was its closeness to Paddington Station. Many Caribbean migrants arrived in Britain by boat then train and one of the stations it went to was Paddington. Examiner’s feedback: This answer received 2 of the 2 available marks. It gives a feature of Notting Hill which encouraged Caribbean migrants to settle in the area. The feature has been developed with support information. These are possible options for a Q1 on Notting Hill. The list is not guaranteed to have every option, but we’ve tried to cover as many as possible. You can use this as a revision tool – learn a feature and the detail to match it. You can use details not included below, this is designed to help, not dictate what you should write. Question Features Supporting detail Feature 1: Notting Hill had many The houses had originally been houses of multiple occupation in larger, for middle-class families, but Describe the area were split into smaller rooms for rent two at a cheaper price features of Feature 2: Notting Hill had suffered The area was run down, and many Notting Hill bomb damage during the war landlords could not afford to rebuild, after WW2 which led to poor-quality housing and many people leaving the area Feature 1: The economy had been This led to the government inviting damaged during the war, and migrants from the Caribbean to work Describe needed rebuilding in the UK to help re-build the two economy features of Feature 2: There was damage to There were lots of job vacancies that Britain towns and cities and many people needed to be filled, and towns after WW2 had died in the war needed the damage to be repaired, often by working-class people Feature 1: Many people couldn’t These Houses of Multiple Occupation afford to rent a house by were larger buildings split into Describe themselves, so lived in HMOs smaller, shared flats or rooms, which two were cheaper to rent. features of Feature 2: Slums became quite One example of this was Peter poverty in common, where landlords would Rachman, who would force people London exploit their tenants. out of his flats if they could not pay the rent and charge high rents to tenants who had no other choice.  Exam Question Bank – Describe two features… Question Features Supporting detail Feature 1: The 1960s saw an This led to more cultural increase in the economy as developments and decreased Britain began to recover from unemployment, so people spent Describe two the war money on music, TV, parties, and features of the leisure activities Swinging Sixties Feature 2: Increased economy This varied from women getting also led to increased freedom, more freedom, and campaigning with political activism from more rights, and also becoming more widespread campaigns against war. Feature 1: Many of the houses This allowed landlords to charge were HMOs, meaning they individuals rent, and pack out the Describe two were cramped and houses so they made more profits features of overcrowded housing in Feature 2: The housing that The migrants had little choice, as Notting Hill was available was often they could not rent elsewhere due to damaged and unhygienic the colour bars, so they had to put up with the poor living conditions Feature 1: The Notting Hill It was set up to improve the poor Housing Trust was set up in hosing conditions that existed in 1963 by Bruce Kenrick, a Notting, which shocked Kenrick when Describe two Christian minister he moved to the area features of the Feature 2: The aim of the trust It was fairly successful: in its first year Notting Hill was to raise money to buy run- it bought 5 houses and rented to 50 Housing Trust down houses, improve them people; by 1975 it owned over 1000 and rent them out at properties in the area. reasonable prices Feature 1: One was the The aim was to buy run-down Notting Hill Housing Trust, set houses, improve them and refurbish Describe two up by Bruce Kenrick in 1963 them, and rent them out at features of reasonable prices housing Feature 2: Another feature This was when a group of people schemes in the was the ‘pardner scheme’ would put their savings together to Notting Hill which was a method of buying put down a deposit on a house, and area a house together was a system borrowed from their culture in the West Indies Feature 1: Immediately after This was mainly due to people WW2, Portobello Road market selling their possessions from was known for selling antiques houses that had been bombed so Describe two they could survive in a tough features of economy Portobello Feature 2: As the migrant Things such as yams and sweet Road market community increased, the potatoes were sold, and restaurant demand for more Caribbean were set up to sell Caribbean food, food grew. such as the café Las Palmas.  Exam Question Bank – Describe two features… Question Features Supporting detail Feature 1: One part of culture These were sold on markets such as was the food brought across those on Portobello and All Saints Describe two by migrants that was much Roads, but also in local businesses features of spicier than British food such as the Mangrove Restaurant. Caribbean Feature 2: Another feature Artists such as Lord Kitchener moved culture in was music, with a rise in to Notting Hill, singing songs about Notting Hill popularity of Motown, the move, and recording music in calypso, reggae and R&B. places such as Basing Street Studios, off All Saints Road. Feature 1: One feature of Nightclubs such as the Metro Club nightlife was the setting up of were set up for young black people community nightclubs, as from all across London, but they Describe two there were colour bars in were regularly raided by the police. features of other nightclubs across nightlife in London. Notting Hill Feature 2: People also set up These were often raided by police, unofficial clubs in their homes and there were noise complaints as or abandoned buildings, reggae and blues music would be called shebeens. played until early in the morning. Feature 1: Shebeens were They were needed as many unofficial nightclubs set up in nightclubs had colour bars, or didn’t people’s homes or play black music, so these became Describe two abandoned buildings spaces to serve the community and features of play music they liked shebeens in Feature 2: Parties at shebeens This often provoked neighbours to Notting Hill would go on into the early put in noise complaints and these hours of the morning, using parties to be raided by the police, loud speaker systems but the music was an important part of West Indian culture Feature 1: Restaurants selling Restaurants such as Frank Crichlow’s Caribbean food were El Rio café were set up and became important, especially because popular with newly arrived many had colour bars immigrants in particular Describe two blocking black people from features of eating there restaurants in Feature 2: The restaurants This also made them a target for Notting Hill also became gathering places police harassment, such as the for the local community Mangrove restaurant which was where they could meet up raised regularly in the late 1960s and have meetings Question Features Supporting detail Feature 1: All Saints Road was On the road were many black-owned one of the main roads in the shops and restaurants, including the area, becoming a centre of Mangrove Restaurant. the community. Describe two Feature 2: All Saints Road also People would meet in the local features of All became one of the hearts of restaurants, such as the British Black Saints Road black activism Panthers, and host protests and meetings. For example, it was the start of the march against the Mangrove Restaurant being raided. Feature 1: One organisation It was set up by people such as Rhodan set up was the Unity Gordon, and helped house homeless, Association, a homeless young black people, with help from the Describe two charity. Notting Hill Housing Trust. features of self-help Feature 2: Another project Many childminders refused to take black organisations was the London Free School, children, so this provided a service to help set up in 1966. families by arranging dances, workshops and childcare for the Caribbean children in Notting Hill. Feature 1: The Metropolitan There were 16,400 police officers, and Police in the 1950s was mostly over 97% were white and mail, and made male and white little effort to build relationships with, or Describe two even understand, the black community features of they policed. policing in Feature 2: There were no laws They would stop, search and arrest black Notting Hill against racial harassment in people they suspected of a crime, and the 1950s, and police were beatings of black people were common. known for what is now called They would also turn a blind eye to racist institutional racism. attacks, or colour bars that existed. Feature 1: Kelso Cochrane, a Witnesses said he was attacked and 32 year old carpenter and law stabbed by a group of white youths on his student, was killed on 17 May walk home from the hospital. Describe two 1959 features of the Feature 2: The police claimed This led to huge criticism from the local murder of he was killed as part of a communities, who said the police were Kelso Cochrane robbery gone wrong, refusing more worried with denying a racial motive to say that race was part of than actually catching the killers the motive Feature 1: The response was One of these was the West Indian Describe two immediate, with the growth Standing Conference who provided features of the of more black organisations to leadership to the migrant community and public’s promote civil rights. fought racial equality reaction to the Feature 2: 1200 people lined The national outrage prompted people 5 like murder of the streets on the day of the Claudia Jones to write to the Prime Kelso Cochrane funeral, both black and white. Minister, asking him to make racially- motivated violence a crime. Describe two Feature 1: One feature was They would often gang up and drive features of Teddy Boys, a group of young around Notting Hill, looking for black anti- teenage boys who were people to attack, and were involved in immigration known for listening to rock starting the Notting Hill riots in 1958. groups in and roll music and racist Notting Hill violence Question Features Supporting detail Describe two Feature 2: Another anti- They were a political party who wanted to features of immigrant group was the ‘Keep Britain White’ by stopping anti- Union Movement, set up by immigration, and they encouraged attacks immigration the fascist Oswald Mosley, on the black communities in London. groups in with headquarters in Notting Notting Hill Hill. Feature 1: The Union It’s motto was ‘Keep Britain White’, and Movement was set up in 1948 their aim was to stop immigration to Describe two by Oswald Mosley, who was Britain and encourage racist attacks on the features of known as a far-right fascist. black communities. Oswald Feature 2: The headquarters They would also host meetings in the Mosley’s of the Union movement were midst of the Caribbean community, and Union on Kensington Park Road, gave out pamphlets to promote racial Movement Notting Hill tension after events such as Kelso Cochrane’s murder. Feature 1: The Notting Hill Over 6 nights there was escalating Riots took place at the end of violence, with homes being attacked and Describe two August 1958, and were the black people being assaulted on the features of end of a wave of rising racism streets Oswald the Feature 2: Many arrests were There were black men arrested on the Notting Hill made of both black and white streets on their way home because they riots people, with the police were carrying tools from their job, such as denying race was involved in hammers, and accused of carrying the violence weapons. Feature 1: Black activist In particular these groups became popular groups were set up to tackle after the Notting Hill Riots, with groups institutional racism and fight such as the Inter-Racial Friendship Co- discrimination. ordinating Council organising events to promote unity amongst the local Describe two community. features of Feature 2: Perhaps the best Their members included Darcus howe and Black activism known group was the British Altheia Jones-LeCointe, and they would do in Notting Hill Black Panthers (BBP) who things like run sessions education people were set up in Notting Hill in about black history, hold demonstrations 1968. and marches, and campaign against police brutality. They also had members of Indian and African descent. Feature 1: The West Indian She hoped it would help give the black Gazette was set up as a weekly community a voice, as stories about them newspaper in 1958 by Claudia were often ignored in the mainstream Jones white press, or black people were Describe two misrepresented in them. features of the Feature 2: Another feature This allowed the black communities to West Indian was the news items printed, work together to find housing and jobs, Gazette which ranged from adverts for but also to stay connected to live back in housing and jobs to stories the Caribbean and around the world, about Apartheid or the Civil learning about the struggles of other black Rights Movement people. Describe two Feature 1: The Carnival was Claudia Jones started it in 1959, in order features of the set up in reaction to the to pull the community together, celebrate 6 Caribbean Notting Hill and Nottingham Caribbean culture and ‘wash the taste [of Carnival (1959) race riots. the riots] out of our mouths’. Question Features Supporting detail Describe two Feature 2: The first Carnival IT was shown on BBC TV and featured features of the was held indoors in St music and a beauty contest, with all Caribbean Pancras Town Hall on 30 money raised being used to help the Carnival (1959) January 1959 black community pay fines they’d received in the riots. Describe two Feature 1: In 1966, the first It was organised by Rhaune Laslett, a features of the outdoor carnival was held as local resident and social worker, to Caribbean a street party for children. help promote cultural unity between Carnival after local children. 1961 Feature 2: Eventually the It became an annual parade held each music and party-like year in August, with steel bands and atmosphere of the indoor costumes, and a celebration of carnival merged with the cultures from across the Caribbean street party of the outdoor communities. Describe two Feature 1: The Mangrove It was an all-night restaurant playing features of the Restaurant was set up by music and serving high quality Mangrove Frank Crichlow in March Caribbean food, becoming popular Restaurant 1968. with locals and celebrities like Jimi Hendrix Feature 2: It became a People could go for advice on housing meeting point for the local and jobs, legal advice for those being Black community and harassed by the police, and the British activist groups Black Panthers were known for meeting there. Describe two Feature 1: The group Their aim was to promote equality for features of the included people from all, and they would do so by working Black British African and Indian descent, with many working-class groups Panthers as well as Caribbean regardless of race and background. Feature 2: Their aims were They did this by organising marches to fight injustice and and protests, publishing their own discrimination, as well as newspapers and running sessions to educate people education people about Black history Describe two Feature 1: The protests were Between January 1969 and July 1970, features of the organised due to the the restaurant was raided nine times Mangrove Nine increase in raids on the by police, despite the owner Frank Protests Mangrove Restaurant Crichlow complaining about mistreatment from the police. Feature 2: The protest was 150 people took part in the organised by the British demonstration, and were met by 200 Black Panthers and took police. The protest descended into place on 9 August 1970 violence, and people were arrested. Describe two Feature 1: Nine people were They included Frank Crichlow, Darcus features of the put on trial for inciting a riot, Howe and Altheia Jones-LeCointe, and Mangrove Nine amongst other crimes. became known as the ‘Mangrove trials Nine’ in the media Feature 2: The trial was seen The trial was well publicised, and all as a landmark, as two of the nine defendants were found not defendants chose to defend guilty, with the judge acknowledging themselves, and were able the police had mistreated them, which to explain honestly about was a turning point as this had never 7 the mistreatment and police happened in public before. brutality they had faced  Paper 1, Section A: Question 2b [8 marks] – Technique and source strengths/weaknesses 2b. Study sources A and B. How useful are Sources A and B for an enquiry into……….. Explain your answer, using Sources A and B and your knowledge of the historical context Technique: 1. Judgement - How useful is the source for this enquiry? 2. Content - What does the source say / show? What can you infer from the source? 3. Own knowledge - Can you pick any points mentioned and develop them with your own knowledge? Is there anything missing? 4. Provenance - Why did they write it? Who is the audience? What are they trying to achieve? Who has written it? When did they write it? How does this affect whether the source can help us to answer the enquiry? Strengths and weaknesses of sources: Local Examples Strengths Weaknesses Sources Local The West London Allow us to view events through Can reflect the personal newspapers Observer the eyes of reporters who were biases and prejudices of there at the time, and to see how the reporter and society, things were reported locally. and can sometimes get Allows us to assess what the local details wrong. community may have thought. Publications The West Indian Allow us to see things through he Only give us a snapshot written for Gazette, or eyes of people who were directly of the Caribbean the Caribbean pamphlets by affected by what was happening. community, and can community Black Activist reflect personal biases. groups Local council Arrest records for Often reliable and plentiful, Might be manipulated, and police Notting Hill riots, providing a glimpse into the inner to cover up a scandal or records or accounts workings of authorities. Records illegal activities, or to regarding are supposed to be factual and maintain the image of Mangrove comprehensive, where possible. the authorities. Restaurant Housing and Peter Rachman’s Provide basic factual information Records are rarely employment rent accounts about number of tenants, rent available for the whole records amounts, number of employees community so do not tell the whole story. Oral and Interviews with Provide a glimpse into what was Events are described written the BBC by Darcus happening in the local community from one individual memoirs of Howe and Barbara and the thoughts and emotions of perspective and others local residents Beese people experiencing events first- may not have felt the hand. Often available for those same way. directly involved in key events. Photographs Photos of the Allow us to see what people, They are only a Mangrove 9 places and events looked like, and snapshot of one place at protest or Notting give us a flavour of what it was one time. Also, Hill riots like to be there photographers make decisions about what to keep in, or leave out of, a photograph  Strengths and Weaknesses of sources National Examples Strengths Weaknesses sources National The Daily Mail, Allow us to view events Can reflect the personal Newspapers The Telegraph through the eyes of reporters biases and prejudices of the who were there at the time, reporter and society, and can and to see how things were sometimes get details wrong. reported nationally. Government Police training These are official documents, Show only what the records records so are usually factual, government wants the public accurate and reliable to know Census data 1951 and 1961 Provide basic factual A national census is taken on census records information about the one day every ten years (any population: how many year ending in 1) so only people live at an address; the described the population at birth places of people; the that one very specific occupation of people moment in time. Opinion polls Polls taken on the Allows information about the The people interviewed popularity of the attitudes of lots of people to might not be representative police be gathered quickly of the general population, and answers can depend on the way questions are worded Television Reports of the Capture moments in vivid Can reflect the personal Reports Notting Hill Riots detail, providing a unique biases and prejudices of the glimpse into a particular reporter, and can be moment in time manipulated to convey a particular point. Voting records From the 1959 Tells us the percentage of Only tells us their voting election people who voted in support record, which doesn’t always of parties like the Union represent the public’s Movement in a particular attitudes and feelings constituency  Paper 1, Section A: Question 2b [8 marks] – Exemplar Answers Exemplar answer: 1. How useful are Sources A and B for an enquiry into Caribbean cultures in Notting Hill in the 1960s? Source A is rather useful into an enquiry about Caribbean cultures in Notting Hill as in the provenance it states that this is from a book, meaning it would have been fact checked before publishing. As well as this, both of the authors were Caribbeans who lived in Notting Hill at that time. This is useful as it gives an accurate first-hand account about the culture in Notting Hill. They also describe the colour bar showing how they were forced into creating their own social environment. This is supported with contextual knowledge as not many clubs would allow black people inside and the clubs that did were often raided by the police. So overall this source is very useful as it gives a good account as to the social environment of the Caribbean community in Notting Hill. Source B is also very useful into an enquiry about the Caribbean culture. It is from an autobiography of a Caribbean man who migrated to Britain; therefore, this is useful as he lived in Notting Hill during the 1960s so he can give a detailed story as to what the culture was like. Although it was published in 2002 meaning that it would have been more than 40 years so certain details might be inaccurate or false, making it less useful. The details provided in the source are very useful as John Edgecombe hosted Shebeens which were places Caribbean people used to party and dance as clubs would not let them in. However, Shebeens were often stopped by police and searched for drugs and other illegal activity, despite rarely finding anything. The source also tells us not only about the music but also the food they ate which was Caribbean rice and peas. So overall the source is very useful as it gives us a detailed account about the shebeens, which reflected Caribbean culture well. Examiner’s feedback: The following answer was awarded level 3, 8 marks. It shows the usefulness of the content of the sources and takes into account the way the provenance of the sources affects the reliability and usefulness of the content. Additional contextual knowledge is used to confirm some of the details or provide additional explanation to show why the source is useful.  Paper 1, Section A: Question Migration 2b [8 8-mark source marks]bank question - Question Bank 1. How useful are sources A and B for an enquiry into the success of black- owned businesses in Notting Hill in the 1960s? Explain your answer, using Sources A and B and your knowledge of the historical context. Source A: In a 1964 article for Flamingo magazine (run by Dominican journalist Edward Scobie), Valerie Wilmer reported on the atmosphere in a pub called The Coleherne. At 12 noon The Coleherne opens its doors and five minutes later you're lucky to find a seat in the place. Half an hour later, if you can force your way through the jostling crowd of beer-swigging West Indians and Europeans, brother, you've got wider shoulders than I have! Source B: From an interview with Charlie Phillips in December 2020. Phillips remembers what it was like for black people setting up their own businesses in Notting Hill in the 1960s. There were a lot of black businesses in All Saints Road but they all closed down due to pressure from the police. Frank was the only one who stood up to them. Many of the rest closed down and some went to the USA or Canada. My family did that too. If you tried to open a grocery shop or a bakery you could expect problems. 2. How useful are sources A and B for an enquiry into the aftermath of Kelso Cochrane’s death? Explain your answer, using Sources A and B and your knowledge of the historical context. Source A: From the Daily Mirror article of 19 May 1959. In the article, some key words were written in capitals to make them stand out. A senior Scotland Yard officer told me yesterday: 'You will be doing the community a service by refraining from any suggestion that this is a racist murder.' He went on 'We are satisfied that it was the work of a group of about six anti-law white teenagers who only had ONE MOTIVE in view - ROBBERY... the fact that he happened to be coloured does not, in our view, come into question.' Source B: Members of the Coloured People’s Progressive Association protesting the murder of Kelso Cochrane, near Downing Street, May 1959  Paper 1, Section A: Question 2c [4 marks] 2c. How could you follow up Source X to find out more about… [4 marks] Structure You are provided with a structure for this answer. The amount of space provided should act as your guide of how much to write. How to answer? You are being asked how you could investigate something in one of the sources using a different source. It is testing you on: You ability to ask valid historical questions Your knowledge of types of sources Detail in the Source I would follow up: Identify the topic in the question, and make sure you know exactly what event or aspect of Notting Hill you are being asked to think about Then, choose something from the source that is linked to this topic. If it is a written source, this will be a phrase or a sentence, a key quote that you have chosen. If it is a visual source, describe the aspect of the image you have chosen Question I would ask: The question you choose must link to the detail you have already chosen. Make sure that the question isn’t about the topic in general, but is directly linked to the detail you have identified. Keep the next part of the question in mind. You will need to think of a source to help you answer your question, so choose a question you know can be answered by looking at a type of source you are familiar with What type of source I could use: What type of source could help you answer your question? There are lots of sources to choose from, and it’s important that you choose a type of source that relates to your question. Try to select a specific type of source if you can. So, instead of simply writing 12 ‘police records’, you should specify “The records of the Metropolitan Police for Notting Hill” The source must have been able to exist at the time; you cannot interview anyone, use the internet etc Look at the sources suggested on the previous question How this might help answer my question Explain the reason why using your chosen source type could help answer your question. In other words, what are the strengths of the source you have chosen that would help you answer your question?  Paper 1, Section B: Question 3 [4 marks] 4 mark ‘explain one way in which….’ – question bank 3.Explain 3. Explain oneinway one way in which……….were which……….were similar/differentsimilar/different to…… to…… Structure: 1. State the overall similarity or difference 2. Use an example from the first time period and explain what it shows 3. Use an example from the second time period and explain what it shows Exemplar answer: 1. Explain one way in which opportunities for Jewish migrants in the medieval period (c800-c1500) were similar to opportunities for Jewish migrants in the eighteenth-and- nineteenth centuries (c1700-c1900) One way in which opportunities for Jewish migrants in the medieval period were similar to the 18th- and 19th-centuries was economic opportunity. In the 11th-century, William invited Jewish people to England to lend money, which made them very important to the English economy and allowed them to prosper. Similarly, in the 18th-century, Jewish people were able to play a role in the economy through being skilled workers. An example of a Jewish migrant who had economic opportunity is Joseph Hart, who was able to trade on the Royal Exchange. Examiner’s Feedback: This answer explains an overall difference and then provides specific detail about patterns in each time period that clearly illustrate this difference. It was awarded the full marks – Level 2, 4. Question bank 1. Explain one way in which attitudes in Britain towards migrants in the nineteenth century were similar to attitudes in Britain towards migrants in the period c1900– present. 2. Explain one way in which opportunities for Huguenot migrants in the seventeenth century were different from opportunities for Asian migrants in the twentieth century. 3. Explain one way in which patterns of migration in the twentieth century were similar to patterns of migration in the nineteenth century. 4. Explain one way in which the experience of Caribbean migrants in twentieth century Bristol was similar to the experience of Jewish migrants in late-nineteenth century London. 5. Explain one way in which reasons for migration in the medieval period were similar to reasons for migration in the industrial period. 6. Explain one way in which the economic impact of Asian migrants in the twentieth century was similar to the economic impact of Huguenot migrants in the seventeenth century. 7. Explain one way in which the experiences of Jewish migrants in Britain in the medieval period (c.1000-c.1500) were similar to the experiences of Huguenot migrants to Britain in the Early Modern Period (c.1500-1700) 8. Explain one way in which the experiences of migrants in the seventeenth century were similar to the experiences of migrants in the nineteenth century. 9. Explain one way that reasons for migration in the years c800-c1500 were different to the reasons for migration in the years c1500-c1700.  Paper 1, Section B: Question 4 [12 marks] 4. Explain why…… 4. Explain why…. Tips: 1. 3 paragraphs which explain 3 reasons why… 2. You do not have to write about the stimulus points, but maximum of 8 marks if you do not talk about 3 or more different aspects of content. 3. If the answer stretches across a long time period, your knowledge needs to include examples from the beginning, middle, and end of the period. Structure (per paragraph): One reason why…. For example…….(AO1 knowledge) This led to…….because……(AO2 knowledge) Repeat Exemplar answers (I have picked one paragraph out of each answer) 1. Explain why Viking migration brought change to England Another way that Viking migration brought change to England was through their law and order systems. In towns and areas, Vikings had ‘things’ which were meetings and trials. These began to consolidate a fair legal system in the country, as they established varying levels of trials and subsequent punishments. King Cnut also created a system where the country was split into four, and had a Saxon paced in charge of each, which kept order and organisation. These trials and levels of power started to solidify an organised, fair, and cohesive country, which was a change to England. Examiner’s feedback: This answer is a Level 4, 12 marks response. The analytical explanation is directed fully at the conceptual focus of the question. Here, several different causal reasons have been explained, which demonstrates a structure line of reasoning that is coherent and sustained (AO2). Accurate and relevant information has been selected in support of the answer, and wide-ranging knowledge has been demonstrated showing understanding of key features across the period. 2. Explain why there were changes in attitudes about migration to Britain in the period 1900-present. One reason there were changes in attitudes about migration to Britain 1900-present was the need for employees after the Second World War. Post-war Britain had an estimated 1 million job vacancies, with a promised 6 jobs for every man who migrated in. There was also the newly established National Health Service, set up in 1948, which needed migrant doctors and nurses. Thus, in 1948, the British Nationality Act was passed, giving all Commonwealth citizens the right to live and work in Britain. This caused a change in attitudes to migrants, because before the war Britain had pushed a “migrants are stealing British jobs” rhetoric, but after the war Britain desperately needed migrant workers as their workforce was so depleted, so they had to become more accepting. Examiner’s feedback: This answer is a level 4, 12-mark response. The analytical explanation is directed fully at the conceptual focus of the question. Here several different causal reasons have been explained, which demonstrate a structure line of reasoning that is coherent and sustained (AO2). Accurate and relevant information has been selected in support of the answer and wide-ranging knowledge has been demonstrated showing understanding of the key features across the period (AO1).  Paper 1, SectionMigration B: Question 4 [12 12-mark marks] question bank – Question Bank 1. Explain why migration to Britain increased in the years c.1500 to c.1700. 2. Explain why migration brought changes to Sandwich and Canterbury in the sixteenth century. 3. Explain why the experience of migrants changed between the years c800-c1700. 4. Explain why migration brought changes to Bristol in the twentieth century. 5. Explain why attitudes towards migration changed in the years c.800-1500. 6. Explain why migration to Britain increased in the years c.800 to c.1500. 7. Explain why Viking migration brought changes to York in the ninth century. 8. Explain why migration brought changes to Britain in the twentieth century. 9. Explain why there were changes to the legal status of migrants c.800-c.1500. 10. Explain why Jewish migrants in late nineteenth century East London had a negative experience. 11. Explain why the experiences of migrants in Britain changed in the years c.1700- c.1900. 12. Explain why Jewish migration brought changes to Britain c.1500-1900. 13. Explain why migration to Britain increased in the years c.1700-c.1900. 14. Explain why Huguenot migrants had a positive experience in Britain c.1500- c.1700. 15. Explain why Caribbean migration brought changes to Britain in the twentieth century. 16. Explain why there were changes to the legal status of migrants in the years c.1500-1900. 17. Explain why migrants had a negative experience in the period c1500-1700.  Paper 1, Section B: Question 5/6 [16 marks + 4 SPaG] Q.5/6 How far do you agree? Tips: Don’t ‘partially agree’ or ‘mostly agree’ – pick either completely agree or completely disagree Make sure your judgement is clear in your introduction and your conclusion matches it Refer to your judgement frequently throughout the answer, not just at the beginning and end Use appropriate criteria to explain your judgement Structure: Introduction: How far do you agree with the statement? Briefly explain why and mention any other factors you will be discussing. Paragraph one: Paragraph on reasons to agree with the question. Paragraph two: Paragraph on a 2nd reason Paragraph three: Paragraph on a 3rd reason Conclusion: Restate your judgement Question bank: 1. ‘Changes to the built environment were the most significant consequence of migration to Britain during the period c.800 to c.1500.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 2. ‘The reasons for migration to Britain changed very little between the years c.1500 and c.1900.’ How far do you agree? 3. ‘Attitudes in society were the main reason for negative experiences in the years c1500-c1700.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 4. ‘Economic opportunities were the main reason for migration to England in the period c800-c1500.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 5. ‘The experiences of migrants in Britain, in the period c1800-present, were negative.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 6. ‘The impact on trade was the main consequence of migration to England in the years c1500-c1700.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 7. ‘The Industrial Revolution was the main reason why migration to Britain increased in the 18th and 19th centuries.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 8. ‘The impact on culture was the most significant consequence of migration to Britain during the Middle Ages.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 9. ‘The experiences of migrants in Britain changed significantly in the period c1700- present.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 10. ‘The reasons for migration to Britain changed a lot between the years c.800 and 1500.’ How far do you agree? 11. ‘The impact on culture was the main consequence of migration to England in the years c1900 to the present day.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 12. ‘The experiences of migrants in Britain changed very little in the period c800- 1500.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 13. ‘The role of the government was the main reason migration to Britain increased in the period c1900 to the present day.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 14. ‘The impact on politics was the main consequence of migration in the period c1700-1900’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. 15. ‘The treatment of Jewish migrants changed very little in the period c800-c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. Q.5/6 How far do you agree? Paper 1, Section B: Question 5/6 [16 marks + 4 SPaG] Exemplar answer: 1. ‘In the period c800-c1500, the most important impact made by migrants in England was on the development of trade’. How far do you agree? Explain your answer. Some historians may agree that from 800-1500, the largest impact made by migrants was trade. During this medieval period, Britain began to be one of Europe’s centres of trade, which held an extremely lasting impact over all workers, merchants, and especially those in power as it boosted the British economy. An example of an impact onto trade was the Viking trade routes that opened up, stemming from the Danelaw. The Viking city of York was found to have traders from across the world as trade routes had opened up as far as Constantinople. This was extremely impactful as the Scandinavian and European trade routes lasted for centuries. The Hanseatic League who arrived in England later on in this period also left lasting impacts on trade, as their steelyards in major cities such as London were seen to have trading links to nearly every country in Europe. This made London be known as Europe’s centre of trade. This was extremely impactful as it was a major change which affected every class and type of person in England at the time. Some historians may, however, disagree with the statement. This is because during the medieval period, they may see the impact on government and power as the most significant at the time by migrants. An example of this is the Vikings’ introduction of what we believe to be the first evidence of democracy in England, with each Viking village and town having “things” where people could express their problems or desires. The Normans were also heavily impactful onto England’s government as they too introduced new ideas, which lasted years after the Norman reign. William the Conqueror introduced the doomsday book and the feudal system, which each affected all people in England as they assured that all taxes were paid, bolstering the government’s wealth and the country’s economy. Other historians may also disagree with the statement as the impact onto Britain’s built environment was more lasting and affected more people. During the medieval period the Vikings created burhs out of small villages, which were fortified towns across England. Some developed into major cities we still have today, such as Leicester. In addition, the Normans drastically augmented the built environment as they had built countless motte and bailey castles across the country, with help from Jewish and Lombardy migrants through usury loans. An example of this is the Tower of London, which was one of the 83 castles built by William the Conqueror. In conclusion, I disagree with the statement because whilst the trade initiated by Vikings and Hansa merchants was highly impactful, the motte and bailey castles built across England by the Normans had the most long lasting impact, as these castles have been used in countless conflicts since the medieval period and several are still here today. Examiner’s feedback: This answer provides an analytical explanation which is directed at the focus of the question. Accurate and relevant information is given and judgement is threaded through the answer and a conclusion is used to sum up the argument. Both AO1 knowledge and understanding and AO2 explanation and analysis of significance meet the Level 4 descriptor of the mark scheme, as well as the AO2 judgement. It was, therefore, awarded Level 4, 16 marks.