MIDTERMS REVIEWER.pdf

Φ INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Φ MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER MR. NIÑO ANGELO E. PINGOL LESSON 3 – HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPI...

Φ INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Φ MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER MR. NIÑO ANGELO E. PINGOL LESSON 3 – HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT 4. SOCIAL CRITERION You are a person if you have a concern with society and society Definition of Terminologies: in return is concerned about your existence. Man - is the general term commonly used to refer 5. SENTIENT CRITERION to the entire human race. You are a person if you have sentience or the ability to feel emotions such as pleasure and pain. Human - refers to man as a species —Homo sapiens. GRADIENT THEORY OF PERSONHOOD Person - generally refers to a human being granted Personhood or state of being a person comes in degrees. One recognition of certain rights, protection, can have more or less of a certain quality but that does not responsibilities and dignity. mean it will make him/her more or less of a person. Personhood is something you cannot take away from a person Personhood - refers to the state of being a person. even if that person commits a major crime or violates the laws Human Nature - refers to the characteristics that of society. distinguish humans from all other creatures. Examples of these characteristics include thinking, feeling and acting. TRANSCENDENCE CRITERIA OF PERSONHOOD The human person can change, be dynamic, and continually redefine oneself. 1. LEGAL CRITERION This would effect for a change in the human person. You are a person if you know you have rights and obligations. CONCEPTS OF EMBODIED SPIRIT There are two types of person according to law: Natural 1. FACTICITY and Juridical. Refers to the things in life that are already given. 2. GENETIC CRITERION An example of facticity is our physical body. We are naturally As a person, one must have human DNA (23 pairs of born with a pair of hands, legs, arms, and other body parts that chromosomes or 46 DNA strands) certainly come to a human being. 3. COGNITIVE CRITERION This also refers to the details of our past such as experiences, A person who thinks must have these capacities: relationships, decisions, and other parts of our past. Also, this -Consciousness refers to our future such as our impending death. -Reasoning 2. SPATIAL – TEMPORAL BEING -Self motivated activity As human person with one body, we are limited by space and -Capacity to communicate time. -Self awareness  Φ INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Φ MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER MR. NIÑO ANGELO E. PINGOL Naturally speaking, we cannot be physically present at two The meeting of the body and soul happens in the pineal gland different places at the same time. of the brain. This is also where the soul resides according to Since our existence is bounded by space and time, we cannot Descartes avoid the reality that we can only be present in a single place at a single time. LESSON 5 – THE HUMAN PERSON IN THE ENVIRONMENT 3. THE BODY AS INTERMEDIARY ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY Intermediary means mediator or someone or something that The discipline in Philosophy that studies the moral relationship stands in the middle. of human beings with the environment and its non-human Our physical body serves as an intermediary between ourselves contents. and the physical world. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS All the things that we acquire or possess in us come through our A major component of environmental philosophy. It addresses body. Examples of these are knowledge, personal properties, the normative significance of the relations between human and ideas. beings and their non-human environment. PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR CONCEPTS OF EMBODIED SPIRIT FOUR MAJOR VIEWS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMANITY PLATO AND ENVIRONMENT Body and soul are separable. 1. ANTHROPOCENTRISM Body and soul can exist independently to one another. Man is the center of the environment. He can effect changes in The soul is imprisoned in the body and only being freed once a the environment in whatever purpose he/she pleases. person dies. The environment exists to provide the basic needs of the When a person dies the soul survives death because the soul humanity. is immaterial and immortal. ARISTOTLE 2. BIOCENTRISM The body and soul are inseparable. All organisms that has life is the center of the environment. All The body cannot exist without a soul. species that live in the environment must have equal rights and The soul is the vivifying principle. It gives life to the body. responsibility to cultivate and benefit from the environment. The soul ceases to exist when a person dies. This view drives the activities of human organizations that RENE DESCARTES advocate the ethical treatment of animals. Human person is composed of body and soul. Soul also refers to the mind. The body and soul can exist separately (ontologically 3. ECOCENTRISM separated) but they can interact and meet in a specific point in It seeks to de-emphasize human importance while promoting a person’s body. the importance of plants, animals, and other organisms and non-living things such as water and soil.  Φ INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Φ MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER MR. NIÑO ANGELO E. PINGOL In this concept, the primordial importance of man is being PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY lessened. Promotes the idea that order and balance in nature bring about 1. ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY stability and beauty Maintaining the state of the environment. This means that human activities should not disrupt the ecosystem and human 4. TECHNOCENTRISM communities located in the area. Technology is the solution to all environmental problems This view argues that technology can address ecological 2. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY problems through its problem-solving ability, efficiency, and its refers to the prudence in decision-making regarding the use of managerial means. resources to ensure there is minimum to zero waste. Prudence – ability to regulate one’s action and behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS (Tamang kilos, sa tamang lugar, at sa tamang pagkakataon) Frugality – being thrifty with the use of one’s resources A philosophical view that believes maintaining order in the (pagiging matipid) environment will bring out the natural beauty of the surroundings. The appreciation of natural beauty brings about concern for the 3. EQUITY environment and helps people relate more effectively with Demands that we use our natural resources in such a manner nature these are conserved so that the next generation will be able to use them. HUMAN ACTIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE ENVIRONMENT IN A NEGATIVE WAY: 1. Environmental Degradation 2. Pollution 3. Depletion of Human Resources SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the future generation's needs.