Introduction To The Philosophy Of The Human Person PDF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Introduction To The Philosophy Of The Human Person Module 3 - Quarter 1 The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit Department of Education Republic of the Philippines 1 Introduction to t...

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Introduction To The Philosophy Of The Human Person Module 3 - Quarter 1 The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit Department of Education Republic of the Philippines 1 Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 3: The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio Development Team of the Module Author: Cherryl B. Valmores Content Editor: Carwin P. Murillo and Ivy O. Niñeza Language Editor: Cynthia M. Garrido Proofreader : Irish Joy Q. Nacua Illustrator/s: Shem C. Tayanes Jr. and Jayford F. Pajaron Layout Artist: Erwin Mark G. Poblete Development Team: Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Ferminia M. Labis, EPS (Araling Panlipunan); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental Telefax: E-mail Address: 1i  SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Introduction To The Philosophy Of The Human Person Module 3 - Quarter 1 The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines ii1  2 iii  TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page Page No. Table of Contents iv Overview 1 General Instructions 1 Lesson 3: The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit 2 What I Need to Know 2 Lesson 3.1 Human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence 3 What’s In 3 Activity 3.1.1 One’s Limitations and Possibilities 7 Activity 3.1.2 One’s Limitations and Possibilities 8 Lesson 3.2 Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence 8 Activity 3.2 Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence 11 What I have Learned 12 Assessment 13 Answer Key 15 References 16 3 iv  OVERVIEW Good day learners! Congratulations on making it this far in Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. We continue now with the next topic at hand, the Freedom of the Human Person. In this module, we will explore the concept of freedom and the different aspects connected to it. Further, we will examine different situations in our life wherein the importance of our choices is emphasized. Afterwards, we will test how far you have understood the lesson through short tests as well as reflective activities. Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons: Lesson 1: Human Person as an Embodied Spirit GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS For the learners: For the teacher: To be guided in achieving the To facilitate and ensure the objectives of this module, do the students’ learning from this module, following: you are encouraged to do the following (you may edit this part): 1. Read and follow instructions carefully. 1. Clearly communicate 2. Write all your ANSWERS in learning competencies and your PHILOSOPHY objectives ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK. 2. Motivate through 3. Answer the pretest before applications and connections going through the lessons. to real life. 4. Take note and record points 3. Give applications of the for clarification. theory 5. Compare your answers 4. Discuss worked-out against the key to answers examples found at the end of the 5. Give time for hands-on module. unguided classroom work 6. Do the activities and fully and discovery understand each lesson. 6. Use formative assessment to 7. Answer the self-check to give feedback monitor what you learned in 7. Introduce extensions or each lesson. generalizations of concepts 8. Answer the posttest after 8. Engage in reflection you have gone over all the questions lessons. 9. Encourage analysis through higher order thinking prompts 1  Lesson The Human Person as an 3 Embodied Spirit One of the leading subjects in the course Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person is the idea that the human person is an embodied spirit. So, what do we exactly mean by “embodied spirit”? WHAT I NEED TO KNOW? Let’s Do This! 1. Describe the taste of water? 2. Describe the color blue to a blind person? 3. How will you describe how wonderful the world is to a blind person? 4. Now, try this, from the tip of your elbow try to reach your chin.So what now? What does the exercise tell us? It is difficult. Why? What if you don’t have a body? THE HUMAN PERSON HAS LIMITS. WHAT ARE MY GOALS? By the end of this lesson, you are expected to: 1. Recognize one’s limitations and possibilities 2. Evaluate one’s limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence 3. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence 4. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.. 2  WHAT I KNOW? Before we start with the module, let us check what you already know about this course by answering this! LOOK A PAIR! AND SHARE! Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook and share it to your pair. Identify the category of limitation. 1. We have a limited life span. 2. We cannot choose our biological family. 3. We cannot teleport instantly to another location in an instant. 4. Words limit our communication with each other. 5. We cannot be in two places at the same time. 6. We cannot change our past decisions. 7. We face certain death in the future. 8. We are bound by space and time. 9. We cannot choose our race, age, and birthdate. Let us check! WHAT’S IN IT? Lesson 3.1. Human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence Human Composition of Man: What are the difference of the following terms? Man Person Human Nature Limitations of Human Person as an Embodied Spirit Facticity Spatial-Temporal Being The Body as Intermediary 3 HUMAN COMPOSITION OF MAN MAN (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The English term “man” is derived from a Proto-Indo European root *man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan Manu-, Slavic mǫž "man, male"). It is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race. Other related terms, humanity, mankind, and humankind. HUMAN refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS or MODERN HUMAN BEINGS. The term human being is also used to differentiate man from other animals. PERSON is the personality of a human being so called “SELF”. Refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity above all. Philosopher refers to the human person as the totality of an individual, possessing awareness, self-determination and capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself. Personhood refers to the state of being a person. HUMAN NATURE defines as the nature of humans especially the fundamental characters and traits of humans. It refers to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are expected to arise independent of the influence of culture and society. EXAMPLES: THINKING, FEELING AND ACTING. What is the human person? Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity and actions. 4 Try saying these! I am a person. I am alive. I exist. I am here. I am present. I am living at this very moment. Let’s examine Little Jose is playing in the living room while his mom is in the kitchen. He accidentally bumps into a table, causing a vase to fall. Upon hearing, his mom went to the living room and saw him, standing near the broken vase. She asked, “Did you break the vase?” What do you think Jose‘s answer will be? Self-determination refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriental and self-directed. Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and with due regard for the consequences of his actions. Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world. Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent worth or value. “You’re worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having value or worth. Limitations of the Human Person Human persons are naturally deficient beings. This means that we are not prepared with the best physical aspects among all the beings Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly. https://www.slideshare.net/AllanBasuga/t he-human-person-as-an-embodied-spirit- 160195332 5 Human persons cannot breathe underwater without the aid of breathing device. http://www.planctondiving.cat/en/diving/ LIMITATIONS CAN LEAD TO POSSIBILITIES Transcendence is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually redefining one’s self which works with our facticity to create change. How do limitations lead to transcendence? Facticity refers to the things in our life that are already given. EXAMPLE: LIFE We are free to define who we are and who we are to be. http://theworldbestquotes.blogspot.com/ 2016/07/if-you-were-born-poor-its-not- your.html Spatial-temporal being. As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our finitude - our finite quality or state. For example, Walang forever, pero meron talaga. As spatial beings, we are limited by our bodies to be present in two or more places at the same time. We are limited by space (spatial) and the time (temporal). Our spatial-temporal situation sets our preconditions of understanding. Why do we want to be in a hurry to achieve or have something which is not yet? NOW, FUTURE, PAST Why do we hold on or lament on something which is no longer? It is the people closest to us that we most often neglect. https://www.slideshare.net/PrmSalsag/the-body-as-limitation-and- transcendence 6 The Body as Intermediary Intermediary means acting as a mediator (Merriam-Webster). Having a body may prevent us from revealing what we really want to express. How do we communicate with each other? WORDS But can words really capture the things we want to express? But this limitation can also be an advantage... In most cases, words are not enough. EXAMPLE: Magbabago Na Ako Promise!!! \ WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? ACTIVITY 3.1.1: One’s Limitations and Possibilities Direction: Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or any adult who have witnessed your development and reflect before you write your answer. Copy and fill out the chart in your notebook. AGE Things that I can do Things that I cannot do 0–3 4–7 8 – 11 12 – 15 16 up 7  WHAT CAN I DO? ACTIVITY 3.1.2: One’s Limitations and Possibilities DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in? 2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can reach or achieve in the future? 3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities? 4. Do you see yourself improving in 5 – 10 years’ time? How can you say that you are improving? 5. How can you go beyond your current limitations? Let’s check your learning’s? If so, then you must be identifying different limitations! WHAT’S NEW? LESSON 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence Many people admire Mark Zuckerberg being a co-founder and CEO of the social-networking website Facebook, which he started in his college dorm room at Harvard University. He’s one of the world’s youngest billionaires in this generation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg Like Mark, all people have dreams that they want to fulfill. If you were finally able to meet your dreams, how would you feel? Do you think your perspective in life will change? https://www.shutterstock.com/image- photo/valencia-spain-march-05-2017- facebook-593204357 8 Let us find out the answers in this lesson! The previous example talks about transcendence or a state of “existence above and beyond the limits of material experience.” Transcendence originated from the words Trans, meaning “go beyond”, and scandare, meaning “climb”. In the example, fulfilling a dream requires transcendence because it opens a state of thinking and feeling that there is something more in life than just physical and material things. Much like Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization concepts, transcendence is a state of being intrinsically satisfied with life regardless of physical and tangible factors. LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE Here are some limitations and possibilities for transcendence: - may not occur to everyone - does not come at a specified period - varies across all people - may coincide with physical limitations of the body - developing a positive outlook in life - working towards reaching a goal - learning from experience POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE It is also important to know that transcendence may be applied to present worries by living in the present. This means that life is lived from moment to moment in a carefree and cheerful manner where concerns for stress are reserved for the future, and regrets or guilt feelings are kept in the past. THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be recognized that the human body, although it can perform many functions, also has limitations. Limits in the environment, demographics, and society may also hinder a person from reaching transcendence. Here are some examples: BODILY LIMITATIONS - mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability) - disabilities (e.g. amputated leg, deafness) - disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough) - failures and experiences (e.g. failing a subject) 9 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS - socioeconomic status - location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent neighborhood) - abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse) negative influences (e.g. drug use) OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new experiences and working on challenges with increasing levels of difficulty. The human body, if given enough exposure to any situation, can attain a goal with efficiency. Social and environmental limitations are more difficult to overcome than bodily limitations because they involve the influence of other people and the external world. However, with a proper mindset, clearly defined goals, and motivation to rise above challenges, one may successfully overcome his or her limitations. RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE Even though you are still young, you are not prevented from further understanding yourself. Transcendence is even more possible when you begin to understand that you can go beyond your limitations if you set your mind on your goals. SOME POINT TO REMEMBER WHEN GOING BEYOND YOUR LIMITS - you are connected to the external or eternal world - challenges are learning opportunities - your goal is more important than your fears - think outside the box - recognize that everyone has fears TIPS The terms “transcendent” and transcendental” should not be used interchangeably. According to Immanuel Kant, “transcendent” is a term used to refer to God, while “transcendental” refers to all other matter. While transcendence may not occur for everyone, all people have the capacity to experience it regardless of any sociodemographic, biological, or personal factors. 10  WHAT CAN I DO? ACTIVITY 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with reference to your answers in the previous activities. Make an action plan towards transcendence. Copy the chart in your notebook MY LIMITATIONS PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE 11  WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? Discover and try it on the following questions and answer them briefly on your activity notebook. 1. The world continues to change quickly. Nowadays, the generation gap can easily be seen in everyday life because of new technological advances being introduced at a fast pace. In your personal experience, does technological advancement limit or improve the possibility for transcendence? Why? Why not? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Look around you. Observe the environment and identify possible factors that may limit transcendence. You may also put yourself in the position of those who experience such limitations. Identify ways on how you may overcome those challenges. What do you think? Is reaching transcendence always a good thing? Why? Why not? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ You are finally done with Lesson 3! 12  Assessment Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What do you call the state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of material experience? a. Transition b. Transcendence c. Transformation d. Transgression 2. What does the term scandare mean? a. “to exist” b. “to impart” c. “to climb” d. “to deduce” 3. According to this philosopher, the human person is an embodied spirit. Who is he? a. Socrates b. Aristotle c. Immanuel Kant d. St. Thomas 4. Which of the following is a biological limitation for transcendence for a student whose goal is to be a valedictorian? a. Joining a dance troupe b. Being absent for a week due to fever c. Watching videos over the internet d. Criticism from his teacher on his science project 5. Which of the following is not a possibility for transcendence? a. Looking for help b. Having a positive outlook c. Working to reach a goal d. Learning from experience 6. Magie is a poor 17-year old girl whose ultimate dream is to finish her studies. What can she do to make her dream possible? a. Join the school choir to lessen her stress in her studies b. Start on organization that fights for human rights c. Work during her free time to gain extra money for school d. Read books on her own 13 7. Why do some people fail to experience transcendence? a. They have a feeling that it will not occur. b. They are not meant to experience it. c. They are not hardworking. d. They have a goal that is too challenging for them to achieve. 8. Which of the following statement is true? 1. Transcendence is for younger ages. 2. Transcendence is similar to self-actualization. a. Statement 2 b. Both statements 1 and 2 c. Neither statement 1 nor 2 d. Statement 1 9. How does the human body play a role in transcendence? 1. The body has its limitations. 2. The body functions against transcendence. a. Statement 2 b. Statement 1 c. Both statement 1 and 2 d. Neither statement 1 nor 2 10. Which statement about transcendence is true? 1. It only starts during old age 2. All personal limitations are clearly defined. a. Both statement 1 and 2 b. Neither statements 1 nor 2 c. Statement 1 d. Statement 2 Congratulations! You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job! It’s now time to go on to the next adventure… Good luck! 14 ANSWER KEY 15  REFERENCES 1. https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-as-an-embodied- spirit-limitations-and-transcendence 2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41547202_What_Does_it_Mean_to _Live_a_Fully_Embodied_Spiritual_Life 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man 4. https://padlet.com/cscjmnz/JimenezxJarilla 5. https://www.slideshare.net/LjJugo/human-person-as-embodied- spirit?qid=bbd9211d-d5d2-4e03-b8c6- cd5579dd49e0&v=&b=&from_search=2 6. https://www.slideshare.net/mayoyoon/human-person-as-an-embodied- spiritdocx?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=3 7. https://www.slideshare.net/jeromecastelo/the-human-person-as-an- embodied-spirit-152689721?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=6 8. https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-as-an-embodied- spirit-limitations-and-transcendence?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=1 9. https://www.slideshare.net/PrmSalsag/the-body-as-limitation-and- transcendence 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QntjdDLcTrw 11. https://www.slideshare.net/jomarienel/lesson-3-the-human-as-an-embodied- spirit?next_slideshow=1 12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEojQSVMIZo 13. https://depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf 14. https://www.slideshare.net/charinacastillano123/human-asanembodiedspirit 15. https://padlet.com/pasamontem/philoperftask 16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBTnhWEWf38 16 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental Telefax: E-mail Address: 17