21st Century Midterms (1st Semester Grade 12 ABM) PDF

21st CENTURY Midterms|1st Semester | Grade 12 ABM LESSON 1 Manunggul Jar - a neolithic burial bar; offers profound PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD...

21st CENTURY Midterms|1st Semester | Grade 12 ABM LESSON 1 Manunggul Jar - a neolithic burial bar; offers profound PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD insights into the ancient filipino worldview A COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF FILIPINO and depicts a stylized human figure on a IDENTITY AND HERITAGE boat-shaped vessel, with a secondary - the question of Filipino racial origins is figure apparently releasing a soul into complex and debated the afterlife - the human figure holding a paddle was Two primary theories proposed: said to be the one who delivers the soul Malay- most widely accepted to the afterlife Polynesian theory Theory suggests that Filipinos This suggests that: are primarily There is a belief in afterlife descended from A concept of the soul’s journey after Austronesian peoples death who migrated from A maritime culture and reliance on boats mainland Southeast for transportation and trade Asia, specifically in Advanced artistic and ancient Filipinos Malay Peninsula Kaluluwa Caucasoid a less prominent theory - a Filipino term for soul; held immense Theory posits that there was significance for our ancestors significant caucasian - it was believed to be the essence of a influence, particularly person, connected to life force and from Arab and Indian spiritual well-being traders, in the formation of Filipino people This view influenced how people lived their lives: Respect for the body and soul: Actions were considered reflections of the soul’s How does this affect our perception about our purity identity as Filipinos and our position in this Importance of relationships: Strong social world? bonds were valued as they contributed - the understanding of FIlipino racial to overall spiritual health origins significantly impacts our identity Harmony with nature: Living in balance - the Malay-Polynesian Theory connects with the environment was seen as us deeply with Southeast Asian Cultures, essential for spiritual well-being fostering a sense of regional belonging - The Caucasoid Theory (though less Bagani dominant), adds layers of complexity to - a pre-colonial warrior that embodies our identity, acknowledging diverse several filipino values: influences in our heritage Courage and Bravery - Overall, these theories highlights the rich Honor and Integrity and multifaceted nature of Filipino Loyalty and Camaraderie identity, shaped by various cultural Respect for Elders and Authority interactions over centuries PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 1 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY Batek It: - often translated as “tattoo”; held Connects us to our Roots symbolic and ritualistic significance for Provides historical context ancient Filipinos Inspires Creativity Promotes Cultural Pride Batek represents: Social Status and Identity: different FORMS OF PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE tattoos indicates social rank/affiliations Spiritual Protection: some tattoos were 1. FOLK NARRATIVES believed to ward off evil spirits stories that we don’t know where they Beauty and Adornment: tattoos were originated/came from considered aesthetically pleasing Kapwa Myths are prose narratives explaining - a core Filipino value encapsulating the how the world and people sense of “shared self” came to be in their form - refers to the recognition of another person as a fellow human being Legends are prose narrative accounts of deserving of respect and empathy an extraordinary happening - underlies the concept of hospitality, believed to have actually bayanihan (communal spirit), and occurred pakikisama (smooth interpersonal relations) Folktales are prose narratives primarily told for amusement and Kaginhawaan individual entertainment and - often translated as “comfort” or “ease”; instructional value, dealing with carries deeper connections in Filipino events set in an indefinite time culture and place - it encompasses physical comfort, emotional well-being, and spiritual Epic are long narrative poems in peace; closely ties to concepts of which a series of heroic balance, harmony, and contentment achievements/events are dealt with at length “The Ancestors in Us” - this signifies the enduring influence of our we can only determine their forefathers on our identity, values, and origins from the time behaviors mentioned in epics - it acknowledged the cultural heritage passed down through generations, 2. FOLK SPEECH shaping who we are today THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-COLONIAL Proverbs uses metaphors drawn from LITERATURE TODAY AND IN LIFE (salawikain) the surrounding nature and - it offers invaluable invaluable insights everyday life; embodies into the worldview, values, and general truths or observation aspirations of our ancestors on human nature, rules of - we gain richer appreciation of our past conduct, or moral and its enduring impact on the present PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 2 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY Riddles uses one or more images as URBANA AT FELIZA metaphor to refer to an - all women were required to have and object to be guessed study this back in the Spanish Period; Filipinos studied this for 330 years Bulong invocation to environmental (considered as a Repressive State spirits or animals believed to Apparatus) possess magic powers - written by Father Modesto - served as a tool for embedding ideals 3. FOLK SONGS into the minds of young women, ensuring these embody the faith, joy, varied hopes, that they would internalize and and odds of life perpetuate these gender roles in their reflects the various aspects of life and own lives activities of the people these are the spontaneous outburst of LIst of Ideologies Communicated by Urbana at the lyric feeling from the soul of the Feliza: people Ideology of the pious woman Ideology of motherhood and domesticity Ideology of purity, chastity, and virginity SPANISH PERIOD - purity of soul FORMS OF LITERATURE - virginal woman Religious Prose and Poetry Ideology of inferiority - songs sang in processions; any - the faithful wife religious related songs - the persevering wife - the submissive woman Secular Prose and Poetry - anything read for entertainment purposes; ex: Sarswela PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT Illustrados Colonialism - developed in the 19th Century - facilitated and transformed the - these are Filipino intellectuals educated production of knowledge through the in Europe that writes about the hitch of colonial school and christianity which colonization became powerful both as ‘Ideological State Apparatuses’ and ‘Repressive State The Propaganda Movement (1872 - 1896) Apparatuses’ - this movement was spearheaded by intellectual middle class people: Jose Rizal Ideological are all the things that Marcelo del Pilar State contribute to our personality Graciano Lopez Jaena Apparatus (such as family, friends, etc.) Antonio Luna Mariano Ponce Repressive when the Ideological State Jose Ma. Panganiban State Apparatus becomes a tool Pedro Paterno Apparatus to break human rights (ex: Government) PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 3 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898 - 1946) Social Inequality POSITIVE IMPACTS - the colonial system perpetuated Education social inequalities, benefiting the - introduced a public education elite while marginalizing the system, significantly increasing masses literacy rates and access to education; laid the foundation for Political Instability a more educated populace, - the experience of colonialism which contributed to social and contributed to the development economic development of a complex political landscape characterized by factionalism Infrastructure and instability - the construction of roads, bridges, and other infrastructure facilities LASTING LEGACY improved transportation and - the American colonial period had a communication, facilitating lasting impact on the Philippines; it economic growth and contributed to the country’s development modernization and development, while it also created challenges that continue to Public Health affect Filipino society today - American efforts to improve - the legacy of colonialism is evident in the sanitation and healthcare led to a Philippines’ political system, economy, decline in the prevalence of culture, and social structure diseases, increasing life expectancy The Impact of American Colonialism on Philippine Literature Democracy and Governance - the American colonial period was a - the Americans introduced pivotal moment in the evolution of democratic principles and Philippine literature; the introduction of institutions, laying groundwork for English and the subsequent exposure to the Philippines’ eventual Western literary forms and ideas independence significantly transformed the landscape of Filipino writing NEGATIVE IMPACTS Economic Exploitation THE RISE OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE - the Philippines became a market Language Shift for American goods, while its - Tagalog and other local resources were exploited for the languages were the primary benefit of the United States mediums of literary expression; - economic policies often favored the imposition of English as the American interests over those of language of instruction led to a Filipinos gradual shift towards English-language writing Loss of Cultural Identity - the imposition of English as the New Literary Forms medium of instruction and the - American influence introduced promotion of American culture Filipinos to Western literary genres led to a decline in the use of local such as the novel, short story, and languages and traditions poetry; this expanded the range PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 4 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY of literary possibilities for Filipino - writers in English turned to writing in writers Filipino; Juan Laya, who use to write in English turned to Filipino because of the Development of a National Literature strict prohibitions of the Japanese - the emergence of a Filipino regarding any writing in English English literature contributed to - Filipino literature was given a break the development of a national during this period; topics and themes identity, as writers explored were often about life in the provinces themes of colonialism, nationalism, and social issues Filipino Poetry during this Period (this was during the period of - the common theme of most poems self-discovery) during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the THE AMERICAN EDUCATION barrios, faith, religion, and arts - the American promise to help the Filipino people fight off the Spanish oppressor, THREE TYPES OF POEMS EMERGED IN THIS PERIOD only to re-colonize the Philippines again - the Filipino experience of American Haiku A poem of free verse that the colonial education must constantly Japanese like; Made up of 17 remind us that education is neve neutral syllables divided into three lines Challenges and Opportunities in the American Colonial Period This is allegorical in meaning, - the imposition of English marginalized it is short and covers a wide writers who preferred to write in local scope in meaning languages, leading to a decline in oral traditions and indigenous literary forms Tanaga Like Haiku, this is short but it - the focus on Western literary models has measure and rhyme. sometimes overshadowed the Each line had 17 syllables and development of a truly Filipino literary is also allegorical in meaning aesthetic - despite these challenges, the American Karaniwang *Like those mentioned colonial period played a crucial role in Anyo (Usual earlier* shaping Philippine literature; it fostered a Form) vibrant literary scene, produced talented writers, and laid the groundwork for the rich and diverse literary landscape that FILIPINO DRAMA DURING JAPANESE PERIOD exists today - movie houses showing American films were closed; the big movie houses were JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD & PERIOD OF NEW just made to show stage shows SOCIETY - many of the plays were reproductions of Historical Background English plays to Tagalog, translators and - between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature founders of the organization of Filipino was interrupted in its development when players “Dramatic Philippines” were: the Philippines was again conquered by Francisco Soc Rodrigo another foreign country, Japan; Alberto Concio Philippine literature in English came to a Narciso Pimentel halt, except for the tribune and the Philippine Review PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 5 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970) because of the continued oppression Historical Background and suppression - the Americans returned in 1945 - the Filipino people regained their - Filipinos rejoiced and guerillas who fled independence which they lost 20 years to the mountain joined the liberating ago American Army - on July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained its freedom and the Filipino flag waved LESSON 2 joyously alone PRELUDE BY DARYLL DELGADO Prelude Literary Analysis (from PDF COFFEE) Palanca Awards - “Prelude” talks about gender inequality in - the launching of the Palanca Memorial terms of the issue of infidelity and the Awards for literature headed by Carlos effect of it in the family; In a Philippine Palanca Sr. in 1950 became an inspiration society, it shows how women can still for Filipino writers accept their husbands who are committing adultery, but when a woman PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972) commits this act, it is a whole different - according to Pociano Pineda, youth story. activism in 1970-1972 was due to - Nenita was portrayed as a loyal, and domestic and worldview causes; faithful wife, in contrast to her husband. activism is connected with the history of She would tremble just by the thought of our Filipino youth fantasizing about another man. She was - many young people became activists to aware of her husband’s sins, but she ask for changes in the government; didn’t say a word about it. many young activists were imprisoned in - This uneasiness grew on to be a dark military camps together with rebel emotion that built up inside Nenita. It writers started t o evolve when her herbalist - the seeds of activism resulted in the friend convinced her to poison her declaration of Martial Law in 1972 husband, but Nenita, being the faithful, loyal, loving wife, refused to do it. PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980) - In conclusion, “Preludes” talks about the Historical Background issue of gender inequality in the - this period of New Society started on Philippines. This issue is also seen in September 21, 1972; the Carlos Palanca Filipino families wherein the husband has Awards continued to give annual awards the full control of everything and the wife - the New Society tried to stop does not have the right to contradict him. pornography or those writings giving bad Daryll showed the common issue of influences on the morals of the people; married couples, which is infidelity and all school newspapers were temporarily applied gender inequality. stopped and so with school - The character Nenita, poisoned her organizations husband because of infidelity; it showed the effect of gender inequality and how it POST MARTIAL LAW (1981-1986) became a motive for murder. - MODERN PERIOD (1986-PRESENT) Historical Background Paragraph 15 & 16: - during this post martial law period, it “She could have prepared him then that other cannot be denied that may people brew her herbalist friend had suggested at the seethed with rebellion and protest time, the one that would make his balls shrink, give him hallucinations, make his blood boil PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 6 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY until his veins popped. But she didn’t, of course. The defendant’s life is worth saving. She did buy and continued to keep the packet In J. Elizalde Navarro’s oil painting titled of dried purple leaves said to be from a rare Is this Philippine Justice? The figure vine found only in Mt. Banahaw. She didn’t even of the Roman goddess Justitia slowly fades know where Mt. Banahaw was, only that it was into thin air; swallowed by pigments up there in the North.” cloudy as doubts. In my uncertain country - The significance of the purple leaves is where right and wrong are cards that it is used to show the effect of that can be shuffled like a pile of money bills gender inequality that the story is trying even the land’s Chief Magistrate to portray. The wife used the purple is not immune from culpability; found guilty leaves as a weapon to kill her husband; He has to face the music of derision. the wife knew his husband’s affairs with other women but she still accepted him WHY ARE SYMBOLS IMPORTANT IN A POEM? whenever he goes back (paragraph 13) SOURCE: WORDPRESS.COM - symbols helps us to comprehend deeply - Nenita seemed to not care, but she had and widens our understanding something in mind. She still kept the - symbols from the poem like the “Golden purple leaves in her drawer that give a pair of scale” for example, serves as the “sense of power” (paragraph 16). It is emblem of evaluating and weighing the implying that she is considering using testimony with equality for both parties‘ that item to kill her husband if she wants to. - Nenita cannot do anything about her husband’s infidelity. She did not ask her LESSON 4 husband about his affairs and just served WAITING BY RON DARVIN him quietly (paragraph 14). She cannot SUMMARY even “fantasize” about other men - In the story, Isabelle (an OFW Mother) because her husband might get angry at went to Vancouver in Canada, to be able her (paragraph 4 & 5). to provide for her family. She lived in Canada for eight years, and worked as a caregiver; two years after she got her LESSON 3 permanent residence in Canada, she took her son, Miguel, and her husband, JUSTICE BY RALPH SEMINO GALAN Roberto to live with her in Canada. - Justice is supposed to have no biases - When Miguel, the 15 years old son of and measures the evidence regardless if Isabelle, started living in Canada, he it is pro or against. often complained about eating Bagels - In the Philippines, justice is like a game of and Tuna Salad almost everyday since cards where money is involved and even his mother, Isabelle can only cook on the Chief Magistrate is not immune to the Sundays. faults of the system; If you have money, - Roberto, Isabelle’s husband, thinks that it you can easily manipulate many is “nakakahiya” or embarrassing to be situations regarding justice. working a job lower than what he finished in college. These are the accouterments of her office; - In the story, Isabelle found out that his the blindfold symbolizing impartiality husband has been having an affair with a golden pair of scales measuring the validity their neighbor’s sister in law for the past of evidence given, both pro and con; three months. Because of this, Isabelle the double-edged sword that pierces through told her husband to leave their house in the thick fabric of lies; Thoth's feather Canada. Isabelle’s son, Miguel, blames of truth which ultimately determines whether PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 7 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY his mother saying that it is Isabelle’s fault Colonial Impact on why Roberto, his dad, left them. - the poem critiques the lasting effects of colonialism, showing how it has erased and replaced LESSON 5 indigenous culture with a “sterile” and destructive legacy CRONULLA BEACH BY JOSE WENDELL CAPILI Blood surges rapidly along Cronulla Beach Armed with bats, white bodies are mad replications of tents, parasols and sunblinds spreading all over what used to be kurranulla aboriginal landscapes The place of pink seashells. There is no chieftain on the shore, no starfish where dominion shatters. Not too far behind thugs and their hand maids constrict exquisite shades of perplexity to keep generations pure and sterile. Space beneath vestiges of hamlets from long ago have become driftwood shells, cleavers of melting pots and succession. They are swaying eerily translucent as postcards bereft of scintillating light in the heated-up weather So, racializing this soap. Overall Themes of the Poem: Cultural Displacement - the poem mourns the loss of Aboriginal culture and landscapes due to colonization Racial Violence - the violent imagery reflects the racial tensions that have plagued the beach, particularly during events like the Cronulla Riots PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 8 MIDTERMS | 21st CENTURY REFERENCES: LESSON 1: LESSON 1 PPT PRE-COLONIAL DOCX URBANA AT FELIZA DOCX AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD DOCX JAPANESE & NEW SOCIETY PERIOD DOCX LESSON 2: Prelude Literary Analysis https://pdfcoffee.com/x27preludesx27-literary-a nalysis--3-pdf-free.html LESSON 3: Justice by Ralph Semino Galan https://pdfcoffee.com/justice-5-pdf-free.html LESSON 4: Waiting by Ron Darvin full story https://nationalueduph.sharepoint.com/:b:/s/12 ABM2301916/EdkThC-_amNEsoWQwgN8EeIBcnw 3q9FTTFHr4S7Tj-lPTA LESSON 5: LESSON 5 CRONULLA BEACH PPT PREPARED BY: ANNE MARIE M. BARRIOS 9