Midterm Review PDF

Types of Memory Parsimony – why not just one memory? Metaphors influence the questions we ask – we often use spatial metaphors for memory. Spatial metaphors lead to questions like how much a thing can hold (capacity), how long a thing is (duration)....

Types of Memory Parsimony – why not just one memory? Metaphors influence the questions we ask – we often use spatial metaphors for memory. Spatial metaphors lead to questions like how much a thing can hold (capacity), how long a thing is (duration). Functionally independent - Clinically dissociated in HM Atkinson & STS LTS Shiffrin's Sensory Store (Working Memory) (Long-term memory) Modal Model Episodic Semantic Procedural “Remember” vs “know” Distinction made by Tulving Non-declarative, implicit Declarative Some Experiments in Memory Ebbinghaus’s CVCs War of the Ghosts Question: What are the limitations of memory? By Bartlett Method: CVCs, experimental control Method: Had British schoolchildren read and then report, at various Results: Forgetting happens rapidly, “forgetting curve” intervals, a Native American folktale. Results: The story changed to include more familiar ideas (boat vs canoe, going to war versus going to a spirit world) Conclusion: Memory is constructed from known things and is not an exact reproduction – people “effort after meaning” Chess Master Study Susan Bower Study Question: Are chess masters good because they have exceptional Question: What is episodic memory for? episodic memory? Method: Participants saw a picture of a woman and 1 pleasant Method: Had chess experts and chess novices remember paragraph (including that she had a boyfriend), waited either an meaningful and meaningless games. hour or a month, and rated her. Participants were then shown a Results: Chess experts had excellent memory for the real games, second paragraph (stating she had a husband), and rated her but statistically comparable memory for the meaningless games. again. Conclusion: The expertise of chess masters comes from their Results: The one-hour delay group rated her negatively after the semantic memory for chess, not because they’re better at episodic second paragraph. The one-month delay group had forgotten the memory. details but not their positive impression of her, so they rated her positively. Conclusion: Maybe episodic memory exists to allow us to update our impressions of people based on new information. Other information Review chapters 1,2 and 4! Some lecture outlines: 1. Memory 1. LTM 1. Bartlett 1. Modal model a. unitary or multiple - Procedural 1. War of the ghosts a. Assumptions b. clinical disassociation - mirror study 2. effort over meaning b. Metaphors 2. H. M. 2. Ebbinghaus 1885 2. Modern memory 2. Capacity of a function d. Fibbonachi test - -isms (atomism) 1. Atkinson & Shiffrin 3. Susan Bower e. Word fragment - Findings