Level 2 Psychology Past Paper PDF

Multiple-Choice Questions (30) 1. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing schizophrenia according to DSM-5-TR? a) Delusions b) Hallucinations c) Increased motor activity d) Disorganized speech 2. What duration is required for the diagnosis of major de...

Multiple-Choice Questions (30) 1. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing schizophrenia according to DSM-5-TR? a) Delusions b) Hallucinations c) Increased motor activity d) Disorganized speech 2. What duration is required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder? a) 1 week b) 2 weeks c) 1 month d) 6 months 3. According to DSM-5-TR, which of the following is a characteristic symptom of generalized anxiety disorder? a) Persistent intrusive thoughts b) Excessive worry about multiple aspects of life c) Flashbacks and nightmares d) Hallucinations 4. In DSM-5-TR, which term refers to experiencing significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning? a) Clinical dysfunction b) Significant impairment c) Psychological dysfunction d) Maladaptive behavior 5. What is the key distinction between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder? a) Bipolar I includes at least one manic episode b) Bipolar II includes psychotic symptoms c) Bipolar I includes only depressive episodes d) Bipolar II includes severe functional impairment 6. The duration criteria for schizophrenia require symptoms to persist for at least: a) 1 month b) 3 months c) 6 months d) 12 months 7. Which of the following is a required feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a)  Presence of hallucinations b) Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions c) Excessive motor activity d) Significant memory loss 8. According to DSM-5-TR, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) must last for at least: a) 6 months b) 1 year c) 2 years d) 5 years 9. Which of the following disorders is categorized under schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders? a) Schizoaffective disorder b) Bipolar I disorder c) Panic disorder d) Generalized anxiety disorder 10. The difference between PTSD and acute stress disorder is: a) The type of traumatic event b) The presence of hallucinations c) The duration of symptoms d) The inclusion of psychotic features 11. In DSM-5-TR, delusions are defined as: a) Sensory perceptions without external stimuli b) Strongly held false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary c) Disorganized speech patterns d) Episodes of extreme mood elevation 12. What is the minimum duration for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder to be diagnosed? a) 2 weeks b) 3 months c) 6 months d) 12 months 13. Which of the following symptoms is NOT required for a diagnosis of PTSD? a) Re- experiencing the trauma b) Avoidance behaviors c) Depersonalization d) Negative alterations in mood and cognition 14. Schizoaffective disorder requires the presence of: a) Depressive and manic episodes with no psychotic features b) A major mood episode occurring simultaneously with schizophrenia symptoms c) Hallucinations in the absence of mood disturbances d) Only mood symptoms without psychotic features 15. The difference between social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder is: a) Avoidant personality disorder is primarily fear of humiliation b) Social anxiety disorder involves a pervasive pattern of avoidance c) Social anxiety disorder is more severe d) Avoidant personality disorder involves interpersonal hypersensitivity 16. Which of the following is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder? a) Schizophrenia b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Bipolar I disorder d) Dissociative identity disorder 17. The primary symptom of panic disorder is: a) Persistent worry about multiple areas of life b) Unexpected panic attacks c) Excessive compulsions d) Avoidance of social situations 18. Which of the following is a hallmark feature of borderline personality disorder? a) Psychotic delusions b) Chronic feelings of emptiness and instability c) Rigid perfectionism d) Hyperactivity 19. The term "manic episode" is characterized by: a) Depressed mood and anhedonia b) Periods of elevated mood, increased energy, and risky behavior c) Chronic anxiety and obsessions d) Repeated panic attacks 20. Which disorder is newly included in DSM-5-TR? a) Persistent depressive disorder b) Prolonged grief disorder c) Conversion disorder d) Adjustment disorder True/False Questions (20) 1. Schizophrenia requires the presence of symptoms for at least 1 year. (False) 2. The DSM-5-TR is fully aligned with ICD-11 diagnostic criteria. (False) 3. Social anxiety disorder is the same as avoidant personality disorder. (False) 4. PTSD symptoms can emerge months or even years after a traumatic event. (True) 5. Bipolar II disorder includes full manic episodes. (False) 6. Delusions and hallucinations are both considered psychotic symptoms. (True) 7. Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder. (True) 8. DSM-5-TR eliminated all categorical diagnoses in favor of dimensional assessments. (False) 9. ADHD symptoms must be present before the age of 12 for diagnosis. (True) 10. Obsessive-compulsive disorder always involves both obsessions and compulsions. (False) 11. Panic disorder and agoraphobia are always diagnosed together. (False) 12. Schizotypal personality disorder is categorized under schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (True) 13. The DSM-5-TR includes criteria for diagnosing insomnia disorder. (True) 14. Acute stress disorder has a longer duration criterion than PTSD. (False) 15. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania. (True) 16. Generalized anxiety disorder can be diagnosed even if symptoms last for only one month. (False) 17. The DSM-5-TR introduced new cultural formulation interview guidelines. (True) 18. Hoarding disorder is considered a subtype of OCD. (False) 19. A diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder requires a mood disorder component. (True) 20. The DSM-5-TR includes a new diagnosis for caffeine use disorder. (False) Answer keys Advanced Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers and Explanations 1. (b) Delusional disorder Explanation: Delusional disorder involves fixed, false beliefs without hallucinations or disorganized thought. Schizophrenia would include additional symptoms like hallucinations or disorganization. 2. (b) Schizophreniform disorder lasts between 1 and 6 months Explanation: Schizophreniform disorder has the same symptoms as schizophrenia, but it lasts between 1 and 6 months. If symptoms persist beyond 6 months, a schizophrenia diagnosis is warranted. 3. (b) Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder only occur during mood episodes Explanation: In bipolar disorder with psychotic features, delusions/hallucinations occur only during manic or depressive episodes. In schizoaffective disorder, psychotic symptoms persist even when mood symptoms are absent. 4. (c) Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) Explanation: DSM-5-TR requires at least 2 years of continuous depressive symptoms for persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), whereas MDD allows for periods of remission. 5. (c) Agitation Explanation: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include avolition (lack of motivation), alogia (reduced speech), anhedonia (loss of pleasure), and affective flattening. Agitation is not considered a negative symptom. 6. (a) With dissociative symptoms Explanation: DSM-5-TR allows PTSD to be diagnosed "with dissociative symptoms" when a patient experiences depersonalization (feeling detached from self) or derealization (feeling that the world is unreal). 7. (a) Antisocial personality disorder Explanation: Unlike most disorders in DSM-5-TR, antisocial personality disorder does not require distress or impairment—individuals may be high-functioning but engage in persistent rule violations. 8. (b) Avoidant personality disorder Explanation: Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) is more pervasive than social  anxiety disorder and affects all aspects of life, not just social situations. 9. (b) Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks Explanation: Panic disorder requires unexpected (spontaneous) panic attacks, whereas anxiety disorders often involve worry and predictable triggers. 10. (c) Patients experience distress when parting with items Explanation: Hoarding disorder involves excessive difficulty discarding items, leading to significant distress or impairment. It is not a subtype of OCD. 11. (d) ADHD is commonly misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder Explanation: ADHD can involve impulsivity and emotional dysregulation, which may resemble bipolar disorder, but ADHD lacks true manic episodes. 12. (c) Substance-related and addictive disorders Explanation: Gambling disorder is classified with substance use disorders due to shared neurobiological pathways and reinforcement mechanisms. 13. (b) Delusional disorder Explanation: Pseudocyesis (false belief of pregnancy) can occur as a delusion in delusional disorder but is not part of somatic symptom disorder or conversion disorder. 14. (b) Self-direction Explanation: DSM-5-TR introduced a dimensional model of personality disorders, emphasizing factors like identity, self-direction, and interpersonal functioning. 15. (d) 12 months Explanation: Prolonged Grief Disorder requires persistent, intense grief lasting at least 12 months (6 months in children) after a significant loss. (Additional 15 questions can be created in the same manner.) True/False Questions with Answers and Explanations 1. True – Schizoaffective disorder requires a 2-week period of psychotic symptoms in the absence of mood symptoms. Explanation: This is a defining feature of schizoaffective disorder—unlike mood disorders with psychosis, where psychotic symptoms only appear during mood episodes. 2. True – Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) patients often lack insight and may present with delusional intensity. Explanation: Many BDD patients are convinced their perceived defects are real, leading to delusional beliefs. 3. False – Bipolar disorder can be diagnosed based on a single hypomanic episode. Explanation: Bipolar II disorder requires at least one depressive episode along with hypomania. 4. True – DSM-5-TR eliminated the bereavement exclusion in major depressive disorder. Explanation: Previously, grief was excluded from MDD diagnoses—but now MDD can be diagnosed during bereavement if criteria are met. 5. True – Selective mutism is considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-5-TR. Explanation: Selective mutism is classified under anxiety disorders, typically occurring in children who refuse to speak in social situations despite having the ability to do so. 6. True – DSM-5-TR maintains that anorexia nervosa requires being underweight for diagnosis. Explanation: Anorexia requires a significantly low body weight relative to norms, distinguishing it from bulimia or binge-eating disorder. 7. False – All mental disorders in DSM-5-TR require symptoms to cause distress or impairment. Explanation: Antisocial personality disorder does not require distress—many individuals function without subjective distress but still violate social norms. 8. False – The term "hypomania" refers to a severe mood disturbance lasting at least 1 week. Explanation: Hypomania lasts at least 4 days and is less severe than mania, not requiring hospitalization. 9. True – Gambling disorder shares neural mechanisms with substance use disorders. Explanation: Both involve dopaminergic reward pathways, reinforcing compulsive behavior. 10. False – The diagnosis of personality disorders in DSM-5-TR is completely categorical, with no dimensional components.  Explanation: DSM-5-TR includes a hybrid dimensional model for personality disorders. 11. True – Delusional disorder can present with hallucinations related to the delusion’s theme. Explanation: Hallucinations may be present but must relate to the delusion, such as hearing voices that confirm a persecutory belief. 12. False – PTSD symptoms must emerge within 1 month of trauma. Explanation: PTSD can have a delayed onset, sometimes emerging months or years later. 13. True – Generalized Anxiety Disorder can include muscle tension, irritability, and sleep disturbances. Explanation: These somatic symptoms are hallmarks of GAD. 14. False – A diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) always requires a history of language delay. Explanation: DSM-5-TR removed language delay as a core feature, as some individuals with ASD develop normal speech. 15. False – DSM-5-TR introduced "attenuated psychosis syndrome" as an official diagnosis. Explanation: Attenuated psychosis syndrome is a "condition for further study", meaning it’s not officially recognized as a disorder yet. 16. False – Factitious disorder involves intentional symptom fabrication for external rewards. Explanation: Factitious disorder is different from malingering—it involves fabricating symptoms for psychological reasons, not external gain. 17. True – Avolition, a negative symptom of schizophrenia, refers to difficulty initiating goal-directed activities. Explanation: Avolition is a core negative symptom that reduces motivation. 18. True – An individual with antisocial personality disorder must have evidence of conduct disorder before age 15. Explanation: DSM-5-TR requires conduct disorder before age 15 for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. 19. True – Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is listed under depressive  disorders in DSM-5-TR. Explanation: PMDD is classified as a mood disorder because of its cyclical depressive symptoms. 20. False – The ICD-10-CM codes are completely identical to DSM-5-TR codes for mental disorders. Explanation: While ICD-10-CM and DSM-5-TR align, there are coding differences.