Fundamentals of Investigation with Intelligence (CDI-1) Midterm

**FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTIGATION WITH INTELLIGENCE (CDI-1)** *Prelim Module No. * Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Course: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Module No. ***Topic:*** [The Concept of Investigation] **I. Objectives** By the end of this mod...

**FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTIGATION WITH INTELLIGENCE (CDI-1)** *Prelim Module No. * Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Course: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Module No. ***Topic:*** [The Concept of Investigation] **I. Objectives** By the end of this module, the students will be able to: 1\. Define criminal investigation and explain its concepts and principles; 2\. Define the key terms in relation to criminal investigation and intelligence operation; 3\. Distinguish criminal investigation as an art, science, and a process. **II. Activities.** Write a brief answer. This will measure your prior knowledge on the topic. **Is criminal investigation process can aid solving the crime? Justify your answer.** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **III. Abstraction** What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. Definitions of Criminal Investigation The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1\. Criminal Investigation is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. Criminal Investigation is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. Criminal Investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. What is Investigation? Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term "investigat", which means to inquire or to discover during the 5th century. **What is Investigation?** Investigation is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being investigated. It also refers to a search or inquiry for ascertaining facts; detailed or careful examination. Investigation came from the Latin term *INVESTIGARE* (Vestigare in some books) which means **"to track or to look into for traces".** Fundamentally, it may have derived from *VESTIGUM*, another Latin word which means footprint. "*INVESTIGAT*", which means **to inquire or to discover** during the 5th century. **Definitions of Criminal Investigation** The following are the modern definitions of criminal investigation: 1**. Criminal Investigation** is defined as the collection and analysis of facts/truths about persons, things, places that are subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and provide admissible pieces of evidence to establish in the guilt of parties involved in crime. 2\. **Criminal Investigation** is the logical, objective, and legal inquiry involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry, if successful, will answer the 5 W's (who, what, where, when, why) and the H (how) questions. 3\. **Criminal Investigation** is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine, trace, track and search, step by step examination or process and meticulous observation, the fact of the commission of a crime, the identity of the actors, and the circumstances attendant thereto, by careful evaluation of all available pieces of evidence to the end that violators of the law be brought to the bar of justice, and the innocent be relieved therefrom. 4\. **Criminal Investigation** is a lawful search for people and things useful in reconstructing the circumstances of an illegal act or omission and the mental state accompanying it. It is the probing from the known to the unknown, backward in time, and its goal is to determine the truth as far as it can be discovered in any post-factum inquiry. 5\. **Criminal Investigation** is the collection of facts to accomplish the threefold aims: - to identify the guilty party - to locate the guilty party - to provide evidence of his guilt A criminal investigation is an official effort to uncover information about a crime. There are generally three ways that a person can be brought to justice for a criminal act. First and probably the least likely, the individual will be driven by his/her conscience to immediately confess. Second, an officer of the law can apprehend him/her in the act. Third, and most common, a criminal investigation can identify a person as a suspect, after which he/she may confess or be convicted by trial. **Three Elements of Crime** Crime exists through the presence of the following: 1\. Motive is the moving power or force which compels a person to commit acts towards a definite result. Generally, motive is immaterial in incurring criminal liability; it is intent which is material. Motive becomes material when the act brings variant crimes; there is a doubt whether the accused committed the crime or the identity of the accused is doubtful; the evidence of the crime is purely circumstantial; or the evidence of guilt of the accused is inconclusive. 2\. Opportunity is the chance or time given to the offender in committing the crime. Without such chance or opportunity given to the offender, there could be no crime committed. In many instances, the victims are the ones making opportunity for the offender to commit such crime. 3\. Instrumentality/Capability involves the use of materials and other means which are essential in the commission of the crime. Thus, crime will occur if all the elements of crime exist. Further if one of the elements of crime is absent then crime will not and will never happen. **Kinds of Criminal Investigation** Generally speaking, the two kinds of criminal investigation are: investigation while the suspect is under arrest and detention; and investigation while the suspect is "at large" Legally speaking, the term "at large" is not synonymous to "fugitive from justice". The former, not being a wanted person before the eyes of the law, and therefore, cannot be lawfully arrested without a warrant. The latter is necessarily an escapee from detention or an escaped prisoner while serving sentence by virtue of a final judgement rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction that can be legally arrested without the necessity of a warrant of arrest based from par. C, Sec. 5, rule 113, rules of Court. **Three Phases of Criminal Investigation** 1. The criminal is identified. 2. The criminal is traced, located and arrested. 3. The fact or evidence to prove his/her guilt is gathered for introduction during trial. **Goals of Criminal Investigation** 1. To determine whether a crime has been committed. 2. To legally obtain information or evidence. 3. To identify persons involved. 4. To arrest suspects 5. To recover stolen properties 6. To present the best possible case to the prosecutor 7. To recover stolen properties. 8. To present the best possible case to the prosecutor. 9. Modes of Investigation 10. Reactive Mode of investigation addresses crimes that already happened or occurred. 11. Proactive Mode of investigation identifies and arrests suspects before crime will happen. 12. It is designed to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime rather than waiting until a 13. crime is reported by a concerned citizen. 14. Is Investigation an art or a science? 15. Investigation is a mixture of an art and a science. Investigation is a science because 16. there are certain rules that should be followed to conduct a successful investigation and 17. because the pure and applied sciences play an increasingly important role in investigation. 18. Investigation is considered as an art because it depends on the skills of the 19. investigator, including interpersonal communication and creativity. 20. Criminal Investigation as an art 21. Criminal investigation is considered as an art because it is not governed by rigid 22. rules or fixed legal procedures but most often based on intuition (logic and tested 23. knowledge, immediate learning/consciousness) and sometimes by chance. 24. It was Dr. Hans Gross who said that criminal investigation is 95% perspiration, 3% 25. inspiration, and 2% luck. This means that investigators should not only depend on 26. inspiration or luck or else they will fail 95% in their investigation. One hundred percent 27. effort must be exerted because inspiration or luck may never come in this way. 28. Criminal Investigation as a Science 29. Criminal investigation is a science because it involves the application of knowledge 30. of forensic sciences in the process of identifying, location, collecting, processing, and/or 31. evaluating physical evidence. 32. Steps in Criminal Investigation 33. Identification/Recognition of facts, information, evidence 34. Collection of facts, information, evidence 35. Preservation of forensic value (legal integrity) 36. Evaluation, processing of evidence and case 37. Presentation of evidence and criminal case 38. Criminal Investigator Defined 39. Criminal Investigator refers to the person who performs an investigation. Criminal 40. investigator is also known as prober and is considered as the superstar in the process of 41. investigation. 42. Roles of the Criminal Investigator 43. Determine whether a crime has been committed. 44. Identify the victim/s and the offender. 45. Locate and apprehend the offender. 46. Present evidence of guilt for the offender/s. 47. Assist in case follow-up. 48. Characteristics of a Competent Criminal Investigator 49. Perseverance 50. It refers to the steadfastness, persistence and resolution to bring the desired 51. conclusion in spite of obstacles connected with criminal investigation. 52. To recover stolen properties. 53. To present the best possible case to the prosecutor. 54. Modes of Investigation 55. Reactive Mode of investigation addresses crimes that already happened or occurred. 56. Proactive Mode of investigation identifies and arrests suspects before crime will happen. 57. It is designed to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime rather than waiting until a 58. crime is reported by a concerned citizen. 59. Is Investigation an art or a science? 60. Investigation is a mixture of an art and a science. Investigation is a science because 61. there are certain rules that should be followed to conduct a successful investigation and 62. because the pure and applied sciences play an increasingly important role in investigation. 63. Investigation is considered as an art because it depends on the skills of the 64. investigator, including interpersonal communication and creativity. 65. Criminal Investigation as an art 66. Criminal investigation is considered as an art because it is not governed by rigid 67. rules or fixed legal procedures but most often based on intuition (logic and tested 68. knowledge, immediate learning/consciousness) and sometimes by chance. 69. It was Dr. Hans Gross who said that criminal investigation is 95% perspiration, 3% 70. inspiration, and 2% luck. This means that investigators should not only depend on 71. inspiration or luck or else they will fail 95% in their investigation. One hundred percent 72. effort must be exerted because inspiration or luck may never come in this way. 73. Criminal Investigation as a Science 74. Criminal investigation is a science because it involves the application of knowledge 75. of forensic sciences in the process of identifying, location, collecting, processing, and/or 76. evaluating physical evidence. 77. Steps in Criminal Investigation 78. Identification/Recognition of facts, information, evidence 79. Collection of facts, information, evidence 80. Preservation of forensic value (legal integrity) 81. Evaluation, processing of evidence and case 82. Presentation of evidence and criminal case 83. Criminal Investigator Defined 84. Criminal Investigator refers to the person who performs an investigation. Criminal 85. investigator is also known as prober and is considered as the superstar in the process of 86. investigation. 87. Roles of the Criminal Investigator 88. Determine whether a crime has been committed. 89. Identify the victim/s and the offender. 90. Locate and apprehend the offender. 91. Present evidence of guilt for the offender/s. 92. Assist in case follow-up. 93. Characteristics of a Competent Criminal Investigator 94. Perseverance 95. It refers to the steadfastness, persistence and resolution to bring the desired 96. conclusion in spite of obstacles connected with criminal investigation. **Modes of Investigation** 1. Reactive Mode of investigation addresses crimes that already happened or occurred. 2. Proactive Mode of investigation identifies and arrests suspects before crime will happen. It is designed to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime rather than waiting until a crime is reported by a concerned citizen. **Is Investigation an art or a science?** Investigation is a mixture of an art and a science. Investigation is a science because there are certain rules that should be followed to conduct a successful investigation and because the pure and applied sciences play an increasingly important role in investigation. Investigation is considered as an art because it depends on the skills of the investigator, including interpersonal communication and creativity. **Is Criminal Investigation as an art?** Criminal investigation is considered as an art because it is not governed by rigid rules or fixed legal procedures but most often based on intuition (logic and tested knowledge, immediate learning/consciousness) and sometimes by chance. It was Dr. Hans Gross who said that criminal investigation is 95% perspiration, 3% inspiration, and 2% luck. This means that investigators should not only depend on inspiration or luck or else they will fail 95% in their investigation. One hundred percent effort must be exerted because inspiration or luck may never come in this way. **Is Criminal Investigation as a Science?** Criminal investigation is a science because it involves the application of knowledge of forensic sciences in the process of identifying, location, collecting, processing, and/or evaluating physical evidence. **Steps in Criminal Investigation** 1. Identification/Recognition of facts, information, evidence 2. Collection of facts, information, evidence 3. Preservation of forensic value (legal integrity) 4. Evaluation, processing of evidence and case 5. Presentation of evidence and criminal case **Criminal Investigator Defined** Criminal Investigator refers to the person who performs an investigation. Criminal investigator is also known as prober and is considered as the superstar in the process of investigation. **Roles of the Criminal Investigator** 1. Determine whether a crime has been committed. 2. Identify the victim/s and the offender. 3. Locate and apprehend the offender. 4. Present evidence of guilt for the offender/s. 5. Assist in case follow-up. **Characteristics of a Competent Criminal Investigator** 1\. **Perseverance** - It refers to the steadfastness, persistence and resolution to bring the desired conclusion in spite of obstacles connected with criminal investigation. 2\. **Endurance** -This is the ability of the investigator to last physically and mentally hence; he/she must have the extraordinary physical and mental energy, enduring sleepless nights and tiresome days. 3\. **Incorruptible honesty and integrity** -This refers to the degree of honesty and integrity of the investigator on several temptations over money that are offered to affect the investigation. Women and drinks are tricks of temptations. 4\. **Intelligence and Wisdom of Solomon** - This is very important in order that the investigator could easily decipher falsehood from truth and separate the grain from the chaff. 5\. **Acting Activity** -It refers to the ability of the investigator in stooping down to the level of a minor, the prostitute or the slum dwellers, professionals or other members of the elite during the investigation process. 6\. **Oral and Written Communication** -Every investigator should have a basic knowledge on both oral and written communication in probing a certain issue in order that he/she will not suffer setback in getting the accurate facts especially in the preparation of reports and or transmittal of information. This includes the use of appropriate words in making a report and writing observations and descriptions of places, things, and events. 7\. **Observation and Description** -The investigator should be a keen observer and knows how to accurately describe anything. This is important in crime scene investigation and in conducting an interview and interrogation. 8\. **Courage** -It is the moral fortitude of the investigator to tell the truth irrespective of who gets hurt. 9\. **Knowledge of Laws** - The investigator should have basic knowledge on legal matters concerning investigation. 10\. **The power to read between the lines** -This refers to the ability of the investigator to interpret the words or phrases encountered in the process of investigation into their deeper meaning in order to arrive with a concrete meaning of a certain statement. 11\. **Technical Knowledge** -This refers to the investigator's capability of defense tactics, use of firearms and the like. In many occasions, he/she will be alone in confronting, arresting, bringing to headquarters and interrogating the suspect. **KEY PRINCIPLES IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION** Criminal Investigation as discussed in the preceding section is a process that involves several steps. To complete a criminal investigation, it must include its basic elements. **Basic elements of Criminal Investigation** **1st Element: Recognition** This involves the efforts of identifying data, including physical things that may provide relevant information regarding the criminal case being investigated. That is why recognition is otherwise known as identification **2nd Element: Collection** This refers to the act of gathering those identified data or facts, or physical things that are significant to the case under investigation. Collection may be done by scraping the bloodstains found at the crime scene, interviewing the neighbour who saw the burglary, or examination of a drug dealer's bankbook. **3rd Element: Preservation** This refers to function that is almost simultaneously performed during the collection stage. It includes the act of keeping the collected pieces of evidence in their true and original form, preventing contamination or destruction of their substantive value. Preservation does not only involve the process of packaging physical evidences in order that they can be safely transmitted to the evidence custodian or to the crime laboratory but covers the process of maintaining the objectivity of facts or information also gathered from the testimony of witnesses, victims or other persons involved in the criminal case. **4th Element: Evaluation** This refers to the process of determining the probative value of the evidence. Probative value refers to the strength of the evidence or its worth/weight in successfully establishing a proof that a crime has in fact been committed and that the suspect/accused is the one who is responsible for it. **5th Element: Presentation** This refers to the presentation is primarily manifested in the courtroom. The investigator, with the help of the prosecutor, must be able to present facts and information in a very simple and convenient manner in order to convince the court and other parties involved in the criminal case about the validity and truthfulness of the evidence they are trying to prove or establish. **Cardinal Points of Criminal Investigation** According to Manwong, investigation must seek to establish six (6) cardinal points of investigation, namely: what specific offense was committed; how the offense was committed; when it was committed; where it was committed; why it was committed; and who were the persons involved. The 5 W's and 1 H are further presented as follows: A. Who Questions: These are questions used to inquire on the identity of the victims or offended party, suspect, accomplices, accessories and witnesses of the crime such as: 1. Who reported the crime? Who discovered the crime? 2. Who saw how the crime was perpetrated? 3. Who is the victim? Who had any misunderstandings with him/her? 4. Who is the offender/perpetrator/culprit? 5. Who are the companions, associates, or accomplices of the perpetrator? B. What Questions: The purpose of this type of question is to find out what happened or what took place before, during and immediately after the commission of the offense. Some questions are: 1. What happened? 2. What specific actions did the suspect/victim/witness do? 3. What is the nature of the crime? 4. What was/were the weapon/s or tool/s used by the culprit? 5. What were the pieces of evidence discovered at the crime scene? C. Where Questions: These are questions that localize the place of the incident- the city or town, the district or barangay, the street or road, the number of the house or building. The questions necessary in pinpointing the particular location of the crime are: 1. Where was the crime committed? 2. Where did the offense take place? 3. Where are the victims, witnesses or culprit? 4. Where do the victims, witnesses, culprits live? 5. Where was the suspect when he was apprehended? 6. Where were the weapons or tools used in committing the crime? 7. Where the investigators secure or obtain the evidence? D. When Questions: These are questions needed to determine and fix the time, day, month and year when the crime was committed. These questions such as the following should be specified and as accurate as possible: 1. When was the crime committed? 2. When was it discovered? 3. When was the police notified? 4. When was the victim last seen? 5. When was the suspect arrested? E. Why Questions: These are questions that endeavour to ascertain the motives, causes, antecedents, previous incidents, related facts; background occurrences that might help explain the commission of the offense. Why questions are as follows: 1. Why did the offender do it? 2. Why did he/she kill the victim? 3. Why didn't he/she just let the victim go? 4. Why didn't the suspect surrender? F. How Questions: These are designed to help the investigator determine how the crime was committed, the means/tools that were employed, how the crime was discovered and how the culprit entered the building/room. The following questions are very significant in preparing the modus operandi file or report: 1. How did the suspect get near the victim? 2. How did he/she perform the crime? 3. How did the criminal get all the necessary information? 4. How did the criminal get away from the crime scene? 5. How was the crime scene search conducted? **Patterns, Leads, Tips, and Theories** 1\. Patterns are series of similarities that may link particular cases or indicate that the same person is committing a series of crimes. Pattern could include, time and day, day of the week, description of the suspect, MO, type of weapon being used, type of victim, location and other variables. 2\. Leads are clues or pieces of information that aid in the progress of an investigation. This can be physical evidence or information received from the witnesses or other persons or through surveillances, undercover investigations and record searches. Anything that can assist an investigator in resolving an investigation refers to leads. 3\. Tips are leads provided by the citizens that aid in the progress of an investigation. Generally, tips involve the identity of the suspect. 4\. Theories pertain to beliefs regarding the basis on the evidence, patterns, leads, tips and other information developed and uncover in the case. These are important because they direct the investigation. Detectives have to be very careful in building theories about a case, because if the theory is wrong, it may lead them in the wrong direction **IV. Assessment** **A. Multiple Choices**. Read each question carefully and select the best answer by encircling the letter of your choice. You will be given two (2) points for every correct answer. 1\. It is one of the basic elements of criminal investigation wherein the investigator will present the facts and information with the assistance of the prosecutor in a very simple and convenient manner. What is being asked in the question given? A. 1^st^ element C. 2^nd^ element B. 3^rd^ element D. 5^th^ element 2\. Mr. Pocot is an investigator assigned in homicide case he wants to know what specific offense was committed by the perpetrator in order for him to make a report. From the given scenario, what specific cardinal point of investigation is being articulated? A. What are the rank, status and lifestyle of the victim? B. What specific offense was committed? C. What is the economic status of the victim? D. What is the specific offense committed by the victim? 3\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the application of knowledge of forensic science in the process of evaluating physical evidences? A. Criminal Investigation as an art B. Criminal Investigation as a science C. Both A and B D. None of the above 4\. Mr. Kai is an investigator assigned in a murder case, as the time that he will submit his investigation report to the prosecutor's office to provide reliable evidence. Here comes Mr. Sotto he offered Mr. Kai a one billion pesos in exchange of changing/ concealing the result of the investigation that he conducted. Mr. Kai refuses the offer and arrested Mr. Sotto and brings Mr. Sotto to the proper judicial authority. From the given scenario articulated above, what kind of characteristics does Mr. Kai possessed? A. Knowledge of Law C. Endurance B. Perseverance D. Incorruptible honesty and integrity 5\. These refer to the question designed to help the investigator to determine the modes, manner of the crime committed? A. What C. How B. Where D. Who **B. Essay.** In answering this question, please be guided by the criteria set in the Rubric given at the end of this activity. **1. Is criminal investigation a science? Why and Why not?** ( 2 sentences only) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **2. Is criminal investigation an art? Why and Why not?** (2 sentences only) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Criteri | **Need | **Good** | **Very | **Excelle | **Total** | | a** | Improvmen | | Good** | nt** | | | | t** | | | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | **QUESTIO | **1point* | **2points | **3-4poin | **5points | ****5 | | N | * | ** | ts** | ** | | | 2** | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | **Explana | **Explana | **Explana | **Explana | | | | tion | tion | tion | tion | | | | is not** | is** | is | is | | | | | | aligned | aligned o | | | | **Aligned | **with | with the | the | | | | with the | the | Questions | question. | | | | question. | Questions |. | ** | | | | However, | aligned | It | | | | | it** | with | provides | **It | | | | | the** | some | provides | | | | **provide | | explanati | clearly | | | | s | **It | on | stated | | | | some** | provides | and | explanati | | | | | less** | analysis | on | | | | **explana | | to the | and | | | | tion** | **Explana | larger** | analysis | | | | | tion.** | | to the | | | | | | **concept | larger | | | | | | s | concepts | | | | | | of the** | of the | | | | | | | scenario. | | | | | | **scenari | ** | | | | | | o** | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **TOTAL | **/10** | | | | | | POINTS | | | | | | | (sum of 4 | | | | | | | Criteria) | | | | | | | ** | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | ***Rubric | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | taken and | | | | | | | developed | | | | | | | from | | | | | | | Donald B. | | | | | | | Narra, | | | | | | | Ph.D | | | | | | | Practicum | | | | | | | Manual | | | | | | | (2014)*** | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ **V. Application.** **CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION SIMULATION** You may watch this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qL5bJt2TDpc Click or copy the link given above and watch the video presentation until the end. After watching the video make a narrative report base on the things that you have learned on this module. Questions: 1\. What is the purpose of conducting criminal investigation? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. How does criminal investigation process aid the work of the investigator? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **References:\ ** Prepared by: **[REY B. AMAHAN, RCrim.]** Recommending approval: Approved by: College President