Fundamentals Of Criminal Investigation 1-1 PDF

SURVEILLANCE  SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE is defined as the discreet observation of persons, places and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of criminals. SURVEILLANT is the person who conducts the surveillance or performs the ob...

SURVEILLANCE  SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE is defined as the discreet observation of persons, places and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of criminals. SURVEILLANT is the person who conducts the surveillance or performs the observations. SUBJECT refers to a person or a group of persons, place that is being observed by a surveillant.  FIXED AND MOVING SURVEILLANCE Fixed surveillance is performed usually when surveillance is directed to a particular building or premise. The surveillant is immovable in place while observing the subject. Moving Surveillance is performed by surveillant by foot or with the use of transportation vehicles in observing the subject.  Procedures in fixed surveillance Using a room in a nearby house or building = Using cameras with telephoto lens and powerful binoculars in order to get pictures of subject, visitors and activities. The use of devices to record the illegal activities of the subjects. Other surveillants may remain outdoor, posing as carpenters, plumbers, or other means of communication will coordinate their activities with those surveillants inside their observation room.  TOOLS USED IN FIXED SURVEILLANCE Binocular or telescopes Movie Camera with telephoto lens Wire tapping device with tape recording apparatus. Other listening devices In case there is difficulty in wire tapping device, an expert in lip reading must be employed.  SHADOWING AND TAILING “SHADOWING” OR “TAILING” refers to the act of the surveillant of following his subject to detect criminal activities, to establish the association of subject, to find a wanted person and many other purposes. “ROPING” is a kind of undercover work wherein surveillant assumes different roles and identity inorder to obtain information.  FREQUENTLY ASKED INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS 1. UNITED STATES: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2. SOVIET UNION: Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnostil (KGB) 3. UNITED KINGDOM: Wartime Designation, MI - 6 , Security Service, MI – 5 4. FRANCE: Service de Documentation Exterieure et de Contre-Espionnage (SDECE) 5. CHINA: Central Committee of the Communist Party (CCCP) 6. ISRAEL: MOSSAD 7. PHILIPPINES: Intelligence groups in our country vary per law enforcement agency. The PNP, NBI and AFP has their own intelligence groups.  PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF THE SURVEILLANT 1. Average height, built and general appearance of a person that could easily mingle with the crowd without being conspicuous. 2. Adapt an inconspicuous clothes and jewelry. 3. Grooming and body accessories must blend with the crowd to avoid. 4. Unnecessary attraction or attention or to avoid him being fixed in the mind of a very observant person. 5. Avoid noticeable peculiarities in appearance and mannerisms. 6. Give the appearance in attending strictly to his cover story 7. Resourcefulness, alert, quick-witted, versatile so that he has ready reasons or excuses once somebody accosts him. 8. A good actor by being able to avoid suspicion in an embarrassing situation. 9. His cover story must be believable regarding his personal appearance. If he acts as a vendor, he must look as one without the display of manicured fingernails or attire at odds with his fictitious personality.  THE METHODS OF FOOT SURVEILLANCE 1. ONE MAN SHADOW = It is conducted by one man alone in shadowing a subject. The surveillant should establish the contacts of the subject, place visited, girl friends and confidants. In case the subject will use the telephone booth, the shadower must feign a call at the available booth. 2. TWO-MAN SHADOW = This is easier for the surveillants to fully cover the subject. The method allows the exchange of the positions of the shadowers inorder to avoid discovery. One shadower will follow behind the subject and the other may either be abreast or on the opposite side of the street. Or following the first shadower. 3. THREE-MAN SHADOWER OR ABC TECHNIQUE OF SHADOWING = The three shadowers are represented as A, B and C. A is close to the subject and follows him at a distance depending on the pedestrian traffic. B follows A at the same distance of A to the subject. If vehicular traffic is moderate, it may be opposite him on the other side of the street. B and C turn in occupying the position of A to prevent A from becoming familiar and noticeable figure to the subject. Pre-arranged signals are encouraged.  TACTICS AND TECHNIQUES OF SHADOWING TURNING CORNERS = The surveillant should not rush if the subject turns to a corner. If the subject disappears, The nature of the surrounding will determines the tactics to locate the subject. It is preferably to loss the subject rather than alerts him in the tail. ENTERING A BUILDING = If the building is without a back exit, the surveillant should wait until the subjects comes out. It is necessary to follow the subject inside the building if there is an exit way at the back of the building. In case the subject boards an elevator, the surveillant should also board the elevator. The surveillant should tell the elevator boy the same floor as that of the subject or he may proceed to the top floor. If there are more than one shadower, one should a light on the floor of the subject. The other may proceed to other directions such as the first floor where they could wait for the subject. RIDING A BUS = The surveillant should board the same bus. Sit behind or at the side of the subject if the shadower misses the bus, he should board a taxi and board the bus at a place ahead. RIDING A TAXI = If subjects takes a taxi, the shadower should take another taxi and note the plate number and the company name of the subject’s taxi. RIDING A TRAIN = The shadower must fall in line towards the ticket booth, behind the subject so that he could overhear the destination or he could merely request for a timetable or a ticket for the lst destination. INSIDE A RESTAURANT = Shadower should allow some time before entering restaurant, to subject the time to select his table. The shadower must select the obscure table and estimates to finish his meal at the same time as that of the subject. IN A HOTEL = The room of the subject could be inquired from the hotel registry. Once pinpointed, the shadower must take an adjacent or opposite room. IN A THEATER = The shadower should be sited behind the subject. If the subject gets out, he should be followed in the different exit points. INSIDE A PRIVATE HOUSE = The shadower should wait outside at a distance to be inconspicuous, taking the address and the occupants to be verified later. INSIDE A SMALL PRIVATE OR PUBLIC OFFICE = The shadower must wait outside pretending to be a customer of nearby establishments. TELEPHONE BOOTH = The shadower may take the next booth or stand near the subject to hear the conversation.  THE COMMON TRICKS OF THE SUBJECT Test for Tailing = When the subject is conscious that he is being tailed while about to board a public conveyance, is to jump off the vehicle. If the somebody also jumps off, he then recognizes the shadower, which will be his basis for future recognition. Use of Convoy = The subject employs other partners to detect if he is being tailed. The convoy which may employ the ABC method would be very easy to detect shadowers. If the subject uses this, the shadower must be behind the convoy and follow them instead.  QUALITIES OF A GOOD UNDERCOVER AGENT TEMPERAMENT = a calm, enduring and affable personality. Self- control and self-confidence are a few of his qualities, PHOTOGRAPHIC MEMORY = he must have a photographic memory because most often, he could not use written notes about his activities and observations. He must also possess keen power of observation and sound judgment. He must be able to adapt himself in the field of hid assignment. If his assignment will be a farmer, he must know how to plant or use the plow or machines of agriculture. A good actor and a psychologist Knowledge that is above to ordinary in terms of general information and the varied ways of life, profession and occupation.  SPECIFIC TYPES OF UNDERCOVER ASSINGMENT 1. WORK ASSIGNMENT = If the agent is to be employed as janitor, he must know his work and as such he should appear as such, focusing his mentality and habit to work assignment. He must avoid language of refinement in order that his educational background will appear to that of a janitor. 2. SOCIAL ASSIGNMENT = These are places of amusements, such as bars, nightclubs and other places of entertainment where is subject frequents. Criminals throw a major part of their loot to these places and he must know the hostesses who are girl friends of the criminals. He must know how to drink socially without getting drunk. 3. SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS = He must know the ideologies of the organizations in order that he could suit his philosophies and actions while inside the said organization.  SPECIFIC TYPES OF UNDERCOVER ASSINGMENT 4. RESIDENTIAL ASSIGNMENT = This concerns the neighborhood of the suspect where he will fit himself as a new resident without generating suspicion. His purposes are to be friend those who could give information and possibly getting closer to the subject. 5. THE FICTITIOUS PERSONALITY = The preparation should include the fictitious background of the undercover agent. He must discard all papers and affects such as identification cards, etc. and a new set be issued to him. The agent memorized all the details of his fictitious background.  DON’TS IN THE ASSIGNMENT DON’T DRINK TOO MUCH in the assignment. If he will not drink, he may arouse suspicion. It must be controlled. Alcohol is a tongue “loosener”. DON’T COURT WOMEN because there is a possibility that one of the women is the girlfriend of the subject. It will invite jealousy and may leads to a dangerous situation. Avoid temptations by women, as it might be a test for the agent. WOMEN AGENT = Due to nature of the job, women should not be employed as a general rule. The subject may become interested in the women agent. The women may be placed in a compromising situation and there is the possibility that the women will fall in love with the subject. The exception is that, if the woman is of the character that she will not compromise loyalty to the service, and she should be employed as it is easier for women, using their beauty and brain to discover the inner secrets of men rather than men themselves. Women are reasons for successes and at the same time downfalls. BRAGGING is the claiming of a person to be somebody. This may lead to the verification of his fictitious identity, and may lead to “burn out” of the agent. EXPENDITURES MUST BE MODERATE and commensurate with the fictitious identity, to avoid suspicion.  TRACING AND ARRESTING THE CRIMINAL By Informers and informants Tailing the wife, relatives and friends of the criminal who will deliver provisions to the hiding place. Using Children of the Same Age as that of the children of the criminal whose whereabouts could be unwittingly disclosed by the children. Harassing the Associates and Friends of the Criminal with investigation of their shady deals. They will give the desired information in exchange for peace, or by befriending or helping them to get out of the mess of minor violations of law. Arrested Criminals Known to the Subject must be interrogated with the false information that the one responsible for their arrest are the information coming from the criminals being sought. The underworld character should be intrigued about this technique so that they would betray each other. There is always a power struggle among the criminal syndicates for their continued existence. Ethnic origin of the criminal Publication of Rewards