Midterm 2021 Comparative Sociology PDF

- Something that makes qualitative research particularly valuable is that it is replicable. - False - If we emphasize agency over social structure, we are implying that: - societies have an overwhelming impact on human behavior - The constraints of social structures on individual behavior ha...

- Something that makes qualitative research particularly valuable is that it is replicable. - False - If we emphasize agency over social structure, we are implying that: - societies have an overwhelming impact on human behavior - The constraints of social structures on individual behavior have the same weight in all societies. - False - According to conflict sociology: - Conflict and change are universal factors that explain the functioning of societies - If we use symbolic interactionism to study societies, we focus on the main structural factors that explain the functioning of those societies. - False - Organic solidarity mostly refers to relatively advanced societies. - False - According to the functionalist paradigm: - societies are systems, made of different components, each of them carrying out its own function - Auguste Comte: - thought that there was room for a new science, which he called "social physics," that should be built according to the scientific method - A latent function refers to the consequence of a social action that is not intended or recognized by the people who participate in that action. - True - A public good: - is a good whose production costs are independent of the number of people who might eventually benefit from it - In a causal explanation, the dependent variable: - is what we are trying to explain - A reliable measure is a measure that: - conveys what we are actually trying to measure - A correlation between two variables always indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between those two variables. - False - Among other things, replication of research previously done by other researchers might be useful for checking value biases. - True - It is always the case that qualitative data are better than quantitative data in sociological research. - False - In an experiment, the control group: - is the group that does not receive the treatment - Interviews might be both useful for having a grasp of the subject matter we plan to study, and for conducting an study itself. - True - In the participant observation methodology: - the researcher participates in the social activities he is investigating - Deviance refers to: - Behaviour that violates social norms - In Merton's deviance typology, deviance occurs when people accept cultural goals and reject the institutionalized means to obtain them. - True - According to functionalist theory, deviance is good for society. - True - Differential association theory of deviance argues that deviance is something we learn by interacting with people who are deviant. - True - Labeling theory is an approach to the study of deviance that suggests: - that people become "deviant" because other people or agencies label them as such - The conflict approach to deviance emphasizes: - social inequality, since it is powerful people who have the instruments to categorize other people or behavior as deviant - Reintegrative shaming works by: - making people closely associated to the offender condemn the offender's behavior and, at the same time, take responsibility of the reintegration of the offender to the community - According to the Gender Social Norms Index: - Sweden fares better than Spain in gender biases - Liberal feminism focuses: - on the unequal access to social resources, such as education, or employment, based on sex - Resistance to feminism is stronger among the less educated women. - True - According to the Gender Inequality Index, Spain fares better than Norway, Switzerland and Germany. - False - According to control theory, deviance and crime occur when the agencies that aim to control them are not working in an effective manner. - True - In labeling theory, secondary deviation occurs when: - the individual labelled as deviant accepts that label and behaves accordingly - A focus group is a group of people whose behavior is focused on something in particular, for example a group of friends who meet every weekend for poilitical activism. - False - The logic of collective action refers to the problem of coordinating people to produce a public good. - True