Midterm 2 Review PDF
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This document is a review of sensation and perception, covering topics such as the stimulation of sense organs, organization and interpretation of sensory input, and how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience. The review also delves into concepts like absolute threshold, perceptible stimuli, and subliminal stimulation, as well as details about vision, including the role of light, lens, pupil, retina, and visual cortex.
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Midterm 2 Review Wednesday, November 6, 2024 11:43 PM SENSATION AND PERCEPTION Sensation: - The stimulation of the sense organs (touch, smell, sight, taste, sound) Perception: - The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input ○ Allows you to consciously recognize ob...
Midterm 2 Review Wednesday, November 6, 2024 11:43 PM SENSATION AND PERCEPTION Sensation: - The stimulation of the sense organs (touch, smell, sight, taste, sound) Perception: - The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input ○ Allows you to consciously recognize objects Psychophysics: - The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience Threshold: - A dividing point between energy levels that do and do not have a detectable effect Absolute threshold: - The minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulation (taste, light, sound, odor) § The lowest level at which a stimulus can be detected by our senses Perceptible: - Something that can be detected or noticed by our senses § The ability to perceive or become aware of a stimulus Subliminal stimulation: - Any sensory stimuli below an individual's threshold for conscious perception - Stimulus events and material that are being presented to you that you are taking in but you are not realizing it § Stimuli we detect less than 50% of the time = subliminal Vision - you are not realizing it § Stimuli we detect less than 50% of the time = subliminal Vision Light: - Light enters the eye through the cornea - Light then passes through the pupil - The iris dilates or constricts in response to light intensity and even to inner emotion Lens: - The transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina Pupil: - The opening in the centre of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of the eye Retina: - The neural tissue lining in the inside back surface of the eye that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain § A layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting light and converting it into neuro signals Visual cortex: - Part of the brain located in the occipital lobe that processes and interprets visual information received from the optic nerve Blind spot: - Refers to an area on the retina where there are no photoreceptor cells, resulting in a small region where we cannot perceive any incoming light Optical nerves: - The optic nerve is comprised of millions of nerve fibers that send visual messages to your brain to help you see - You have an optic nerve at the back of each eye that connects directly to your brain Rods: - Photoreceptor cell in the retina responsible for vision at low light levels - *more sensitive to light than cones - You have an optic nerve at the back of each eye that connects directly to your brain Rods: - Photoreceptor cell in the retina responsible for vision at low light levels - *more sensitive to light than cones § Night vision, peripheral vision Cones: - A type of photoreceptor cell in the retina, giving us colour vision § Concentrated in the center of our retina in an area called the macula - 6 million cones § Daylight vision, colour vision, fine detail Fovea: - Area of the retina that is densely packed with photoreceptors Trichromatic theory: - Trichromatic theory of colour vision says that human eyes only perceive 3 colours of light: red, blue and green - All colours on the spectrum can be produced by combining R,B,G Opponent process theory: - Colour theory that states that colour perception is controlled by the activity of two opponent systems: a blue-yellow mechanism and a red-green mechanism - Proposes that one member of the colour pair suppresses the other colour § Colour is yielded by receptors differentiating between antagonist responses to pairs of colours Colour "blindness": - Deficiency in brain's ability to distinguish colour § More males Perceptual set: - A mental predisposition to perceive stimuli in a particular way based on previous experiences, expectations, beliefs, and context experiences, expectations, beliefs, and context
