Medical Terminology Notes PDF

MEDICAL TERMINOLOG Y MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY  Objectives:  New students to Medical Terminology often become confused by strange spelling and pronunciation.  Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin COURSE DESCRIPTION A study principles of medical word...

MEDICAL TERMINOLOG Y MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY  Objectives:  New students to Medical Terminology often become confused by strange spelling and pronunciation.  Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin COURSE DESCRIPTION A study principles of medical word building. Provides medical vocabulary including anatomy, physiology, systems, diagnostic testing and pharmacology. ORIGIN OF MEDICAL TERMS  Hippocrates was a Greek physician and is known as the “father of medicine.”  75% of medical terms are based on either Greek or Latin words.  COURSE OBJECTIVES  Apply basic principles of medical word building.  Correctly pronounce medical terms.  Define common medical terms.  Relate common medical terms to human anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests.  Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports. LESSONS  1. Basic Elements of a Medical Word  2. Suffixes: Surgical, Diagnostic, etc  3. Prefixes  4. Different body systems and organs  5. Medical instruments A BUSY COURSE!  Are you feeling like a lot of information is about to come your way?  The answer is YES.  NOW, LETS BEGIN Basic Elements of Medical Word MEDICAL DICTIONARY USE Look Up Unfamiliar Terms  WORD PARTS ARE THE KEY! Four basic types of word parts are used to create complex medical terms: – Word roots – Combining forms – Suffixes – Prefixes WORD ROOTS (WR)  Usually derived form Greek or Latin  Frequently indicates a body part  Most medical terms have one or more word roots EXAMPLES OF WORD ROOTS Greek Word Word Root Kardia (heart) Cardi Gaster (stomach) Gastr Hepar (liver) Hepat Nephros (kidney) Nephr Osteon (bone) oste COMBINING FORMS (CF)  Combining Form (CF) is a Word Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually an “o”  Usually indicates a body part EXAMPLES  Cardi/ + o = cardi/o heart  gastr/ + o = gastr/o stomach  hepat/ + o = hepat/o liver  nephr/ + o = nephr/o kidney  oste/ + o = oste/o bone SUFFIXES  Word Ending  Suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech  Usually derived from Greek or Latin  SUFFIXES Example: EXAMPLES OF SUFFIX  Arthr/o -centesis Arthrocentesis joint puncture puncture of a joint  thorac/o -tomy Thoracotomy chest incision incision of the chest  gastr/o -megaly Gastromegaly stomach enlargement enlargement of the stomach PREFIXES  Word element located at the beginning of a word  Changes the meaning of the word  Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, color. EXAMPLES OF PREFIX  A- mast -ia without breast condition  hyper- therm -ia excessive heat condition  intra- muscul -ar in muscle relating to  PREFIXES Example:  ROOT WORDS  A root is the foundation  cardi - root for or basic meaning of a word. heart  May appear with a  hepat- root for prefix or suffix, or between a prefix or liver suffix.  neur - root for nerve  nephr - root for kidney  cyt- root for cell PREFIX  Pre - prefix means before  The prefix is a part  peri- prefix means around of the word that  hemi - prefix means half precedes the word root and changes its  micro - prefix means small meaning.  neo- prefix means new  Often indicates location, time, or number. SUFFIX  A suffix is the word  -itis - suffix means ending that follows inflammation the word root and  -ology - suffix means changes its meaning. the study of  Often indicates the  - ectomy- suffix means procedure, condition, surgical removal- disorder, or disease. plast- suffix means surgical repair CARDIOLOGY  Cardi - root means heart.  -ology - suffix means the study of.  Cardiology - the study of the heart. NEPHRITIS  Nephr - root words means kidney  -itis suffix means inflammation  Nephritis means inflammation of the kidney BREAK DOWN AND DEFINE THE FOLLOWING MEDICAL TERMS.  pericarditis  leukocyte  hepatitis  neuroplasty PERICARDITIS Pericaridits Peri- -cardi- -itis m eans around m eans the heart m eans inflam m ation LEUKOCYTE  leuko- prefix means white  cyte - root word means cell  leukocyte means white cell HEPATITIS  hepat - root word means liver  -itis - suffix means inflammation  hepatitis - means inflammation of the liver NEUROPLASTY  neuro - root word means nerve or nerves  -plasty - suffix means surgical repair  neuroplasty means surgical repair of the nerve COMBINING FORMS  Combining form consists of the word root and a connecting vowel to make it easier to pronounce and attach another root word or suffix.  Combining form for heart is cardi  Combining form associated with cells is cyt BASIC RULES FOR THE COMBINING VOWEL  The combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel. (neur-itis)  The combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. (neur-o-plasty)  DETERMINING MEANINGS ON THE BASIS OF WORD PARTS An example to take apart: THANK YOU