Medicinal Leaves 3C PDF

Medicinal Leaves(3) 1  Uva ursi Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Archtostaphylos uva ursi Family Ericaceae paddle-shaped 2 Active constituents: 1- Arbutin (phenolic glycoside) 2- Quercetin (flavonoid) 3- Tannins Chemical test: 1- Extract + FeCl3 → blue or greenis...

Medicinal Leaves(3) 1  Uva ursi Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Archtostaphylos uva ursi Family Ericaceae paddle-shaped 2 Active constituents: 1- Arbutin (phenolic glycoside) 2- Quercetin (flavonoid) 3- Tannins Chemical test: 1- Extract + FeCl3 → blue or greenish blue (due to arbutin and tannin) 2- Extract + conc. HNO3 → red or orange color (due to arbutin ) 3 Uses: 1- Diuretic and urinary antiseptic (due to arbutin) 2- Astringent (due to tannin) Precautions * more effective in alkaline urine so taken with vegetable based diet not with acidic foods * not taken during pregnancy, due to its oxytocic effect and if suffering from kidney disease 4 Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Erythroxylum coca, known as Bolivian coca or E. truxillense known as Peruvian coca F. Erythroxlaceae 5  T.S. of Coca Leaf 6 Active constituents: 1- Cocaine, cinnamoylcocaine and α, β-truxilline All these alkaloids hydrolyzed → ecgonine 2 – Coca tannic acid Uses: 1- CNS Stimulant (addictive) and produces local anesthesia 7  Bot. origin: The dried leaflets of Pilocarpus microphyllous known as Maranham Jaborandi F. Rutaceae Imparipinnate leaf Emarginate apex Ovate in shape 8  T.S. of Jaborandi Leaf 9 Active constituents: 1- Alkaloids mainly pilocarpine 2- Vol. oils Uses: 1- Cholinergic effect mainly meiotic and diaphoretic 2- Antidote of atropine 10  Mentha Names: Peppermint, Mentha Botanical Origin: Peppermint (BP) is the dried leaves of Mentha piperita Family Labiatae contains not less than 1.2% of volatile oil Odour &taste: aromatic odor and taste followed by a cold sensation  Mentha Leaves: opposite decussate, petiolate; ovate lanceolate, light or dark green with purplish tinge, margin, sharply serrate, upper surface nearly glabrous, the lower is hairy especially on the veins. Active Constituents The chief constituent of peppermint is volatile oil, which contains up to 78% of free menthol and up to 20% of menthol combined as esters. -The drug also contains about 6 to 12% of tannins& flavonoids  Uses The action is mainly due to the volatile oil Spasmolytic and carminative, thus an infusion of peppermint relieves colonic spasm, flatulence and bowel irritability. It is diaphoretic, thus the oil is helpful remedy in fevers and influenza. It has also anti-emetic and peripheral vasodilator effects. Menthol acts locally on the skin by stimulation of the cold sensitive nerves. thus, it is applied onto the skin or mucous membrane as an antiseptic and a stimulant due to its cooling and anesthetic properties. So, it is used to relieve itching and inflammation. 14  Bot. origin: The dried leaves and flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis F. Labiatae 15  Active constituents: 1- Vol. oil borneol , cineole , α-pinene and related terpenes 2- Caffic acid and rosmarinic acid 3- Flavonoids “ luteolin and diosmin “ Uses: 1- Aromatic stimulant , carminative 2- Antiulcerogenic ,” antibacterial effects” 3- Antitumerogenic 4- Hepatoprotective 5- Antioxidant 16  Guava Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Psidium guajava L. F. Myrtaceae 17 Active constituents: 1-Vol. oil “ cineole , limonene’’ 2- Vit. C 3- Flavonoid “ quercetin” 4- Tannins Uses: Cough sedative and expectorant Hypoglycemic 18  Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Peumus boldus F. Monimiaceae 19 Active constituents; 1- Vol. oil 2- Alkaloid “ boldine “ 3- Glycoside “ boldoglucin “ Uses: 1- Diuretic 2- Liver stimulant 3- Cholagogue (increase the secretion of bile) 20 Bot. origin: The dried petiolated leaves from older branches of Eucalyptus globulus F. Myrtaceae 21  T.S. of Eucalyptus Leaf 22  T.S. of Eucalyptus Leaf 23 Active constituents: 1- Vol. oil “ cineol “ 2- Tannins 3- Bitter principles Uses: 1- Antiseptic and rubifacient “ vol. oil “ 2- Astringent “ tannins “ 24  Althea (Marshmallow) Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Althea officinalis F. Malvaceae Active constituents: mucilage Uses: Demulcent (Treatment of stomatitis) 25 Bot. origin: The dried leaves of Catharanthus roseus “ Vinca rosea “ F. Apocyanaceae Active constituents: Indole alkaloids “ vinblastine and vincristine Uses: as anticancer 1- vinblastine “ velban “ in treatment of lymphatic carcinoma 2- vincristine “ oncovin “ in treatment of acute 26 leukemia in children 27  Select the best answer 1-This is the T.S. of…… a- Digitalis b- Buchu c- Jaborandi d-Senna 2- The active constituent of ….is addictive a- Coca b- Eucalyptus c- Jaborandi d-Vinca 3- Which of the following is used to prepare anticancer drugs? a- Buchu b- Vinca c- Senna d- Stramonium 28 4- Althea is used as astringent a- True b- False 5- Which of the following is used as liver stimulant? a- Boldo b- Tea c- Belladonna d- Vinca These are the key elements of…. The type of stomata is….. Describe the hair…………… mention its name….. The active constituents ……………. One use……………… 29