Medical Terminology Notes PDF

Medical Terminology Notes from Quizlet :> (Kuya I swear to God I’m not a nerd) Megal- Enlarge Let’s think of the MEGALadon, a huge shark. So huge Megal = Enlarge She fell from a high-up place and landed on her wrist, causing it to become megal. Or: MEGAl → Mega means big → abn...

Medical Terminology Notes from Quizlet :> (Kuya I swear to God I’m not a nerd) Megal- Enlarge Let’s think of the MEGALadon, a huge shark. So huge Megal = Enlarge She fell from a high-up place and landed on her wrist, causing it to become megal. Or: MEGAl → Mega means big → abnormally large/enlarged -itis Inflamed/inflammation Examples: Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi Dad has osteoarthritis, meaning that his joints are inflamed and hurt badly from time to time. Dermat- Skin Remember the occupation of a dermatologist they work with the skin. Plast- Surgical repair or organelle, cell, living substance Remember plastic surgeons, or people getting a rhinoplasty which means ​ ​ ​ “Plastic surgery of the nose” Another would be angioplasty: ​ ​ It’s a procedure to open blocked coronary arteries and restore blood flow to the heart and muscles without open-heart surgery. Remember the word repair. Cerebr-, encephal Brain ​ ​ ​ To remember this think of: ​ ​ Cerebellum & Cerebrum Why? It’s a part of the brain so whenever we think of this we link it back to the brain. Some diseases to think about: ​ ​ Hashimoto’s encephalopathy - It’s linked to a thyroid condition and it affects the immune system to attack your brain. ​ ​ Nonconvulsive status epilepticus - seizures occur in your brain, and may not cause any physical symptoms. Path- Disease Let’s think of…. Pathology, where they’re trying to find the origin of the disease. A pathogen itself is a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. The pathologist and epidemiologist worked together to find out the disease and the reason behind it, so they came to the infected area and became ill with the disease. -ectomy Surgical removal This also falls in the hat with plastic surgeons for example: Lumpectomy - Removing a lump in the body Tonsillectomy - Removing the tonsils Enter- Intestines  Let’s think of enter as… entering the gastric area, where besides food digests it also gets transported in the longest and shortest tracts to be discarded. -or- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Enteresting (get it? Cause enter + intestines is like enteresting) -osis (a pathological condition or process), -iasis (used to denote the names of disease or other nouns of state or process. Any condition Example: Diagnosis, nephrolithiasis -otomy Cut into or make an incision into a body part The coroners have to perform a myotomy to understand the reason for the patient/victim's death. What do coroners have to do? They have to cut and open the body up to see the cause of death. Aden- Gland ​ ​ Of course, I can’t really come up with a funny story for the word aden, however, I can’t help but think of the word Adrenal gland. Get it? Cause aden is kinda like adrenal so if I think of adrenal gland then I’ll know it’s a type of gland. (blood vessel)Angi or Angio- Vaso- Vessel Example: angieectomy, we know that angi means blood vessels, and ectomy means to surgically remove. So from this, we can infer that they’re taking away a section of blood vessels. Also, Vaso is kind of similar to the vessel. Maybe we would think of Angi as the color red, not only for the blood but maybe to associate it with the word anger, and then Vaso is to me already similar to the vessel. So red vessel, like a boat?? -oma Tumor Onco- Tumor;bulk;volume Example: -​ Adenoma (a non-cancerous tumor that may affect various organs) -​ Fibroma (a non-cancerous tumor that often appears in the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. -​ Myeloma ( a cancer of the plasma cells ) Example: -​ Oncology - the study of cancer For Onco we can simply think of oncology & for Oma just think of a tumor/cancer… ​ ​ ​ Tumor+oma = … ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Toma, (maybe a childish way of saying tumor if they don’t have proper control of their tongue/pronunciation. ) Nephr- Ren- Kidney ​ ​ ​ think of the time Tito got kidney stones. ​ Nephrotomy - an incision to the kidney Hepat- Liver ​ ​ ​ ​ He patted the cat and left to claim a liver for his hepatoma (idk; I’m doing my best here) Hepatoma - A tumor in the liver. Hepatitis - Inflammation in the liver. Arthr- Joint This one we can kind of just guess think of arthritis. We know it’s the inflammation of the joints. Blephar- Palpebr- Eyelid ​ ​ ​ ​ Is this an actual word? -​ Dunno, I looked at both websites and they didn’t mention anything. How am I supposed to remember this?? Let’s just try to think of the time when we were watching The Haunting in Connecticut where they cut off their eyelids. -ologist Specialist ​ ​ ​ It’s pretty easy to think of, just remember neurologists, biologists, gynecologists. They’re all in their own specialized field. Rhin- Nose ​ ​ The kids who made fun of her ended up getting a rhinoplasty and suffered from addiction and homelessness. We remember when this word was mentioned earlier right? For plasty? Well anyways, just keep thinking of it simply as a nose job and ignore the plasty/job and only remember the nose. Gingiv- Gums The patient hadn’t brushed their teeth in so long that he got gingivitis meaning that his gums have become inflamed, infected, and are bleeding. So brush your teeth, kids. -malacia Soft(ness) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Kind of think of the word malleable because the shape of an object can be changed by being beaten with a hammer or by pressure. So basically forging, and with forging sometimes in most cases you need the material to be soft enough to be able to shape it. Example: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Osteomalacia Osteo means bone(s) & malacia means soft So from this, we can infer that osteomalacia is the softening of bones. -ology The Study of ​ ​ ​ ​ This ones pretty easy just think of: Cardiology - The study of the heart Dermatology - The study of the skin ​ You see how ology being added to a word affects it? Spasm Involuntary contraction ​ Spasm, well that’s pretty easy you don’t really need to have something to help you remember that. You can think of it I guess as your body twitching in simpler terms, like an eye spasm just means that it’s involunnarily twitching. -algia Pain -dyn- Abnormal/bad ​ ​ This reminds me of the time I was watching Hospital Playlist. Where the doctor told them to administer an analgesic, which was a pain killer. So we can think of the work anaglesic, and relate it to pain. Arthralgia - Arthr = joint algia = pain ​ ​ ​ ​ Arthr+algia = joint pain  For -dyn- though I’m not sure how to remember that. Dyn dyn chicken dyn, but was it worth it for the chickens’ pain for some dyn. (yes) -dynia Pain ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gastrodynia ​ ​ ​ ​ Gastro = stomach dynia = pain ⭐ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ = pain in the stomach Same meaning as algia but not as commonly used Crani- Skull ​ Honestly it’s pretty easy to remember crani- since it’s usually common knowledge/thinking that it would be referring to the skull. ​ ​ ​ Like yk cranial fracture? Meaning a fracture had occurred in the skull. This is just me getting side tracked but remember that annoying song or something about monkeys jumping on the bed and cracking their heads open? We can link it to that so it’s easier to remember. Also when I say we, it’s meant to feel as if someone else is working with me. Although it’s just me it feels less lonely if I say we. End- Inside, within, inner  Let’s combine end and inner together. To get endinner kind of like innards. Wait! I can think of it as innards since it’s inside of the body. Hemi- Half (one side) ​ ​ ​ In all honesty just think of the H as an S so it’s Semi and now I instinctively think of half. Now you make be thinking why Semi as in semianual and not biannual? ​ ​ ​ You have a point but semiannual can happen twice in a year or lasting for half a year while Biannual means every 2 years. Both of them works but I prefer Semi as semiannual. -oid Like, pertaining to, resemble ​ ​ ​ ​ This is just me loosing my mind rn: Oid my God, look at her [], Oid my God, Oid seriously Hahaha… get it? Cause oid mean like? I’m sorry I won’t be stoping if it means I’ll remember this. Hyper- Above, more than normal ​ ​ ​ This one is also pretty easy, every time I think about Hypertension which means more tension in the heart than usual. All High tension from one of MaMamoos song. ​ ​ ​ ​ High tension, woo High tension, woo yeah High tension, woo wow Cyst- Sac containing fluid ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Most of us know what a cyst is. Some people who have an injury devlop a cyst, where they’re advised not pop it or open it. Chole- Gall, bile Bili- Bile ​ ​ ​ ​ Bili and chloe went to bile money Hypo- Under ​ ​ ​ The Hypo(Hippo) goes under the water -scope For examining -scopy Observe,examining ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Endoscope; Endoscopy I keep thinking of the word rhinoscopy I know that rhinoscopy is an examination of the inside of the nose using a rhinoscope. ​ ​ I guess I can think of it as cleaning an air filter, you need to check first if it needs to be cleaned and how much dirt you need to remove. In order to clean you need cleaning supplies. The cleaning supplies would be the scope, and the checking to see how much needs to be cleaned would be the scopy. Hyster/o- Uterus Ex; Hysterectomy Hyster = uterus Ectomy = surgical removal Meaning that hysterectomy is a procedure where they’re removing the uterus. Luwana got a hysterectomy? NO! It’s Sam’s sister…uh… what was her name again? L…L…L…anyways, they can’t have kids anymore because they removed the uterus. -ostomy To create an opening, opening ​ ​ ​ Example: Colostomy Col = colon ​ +​ ​ Ostomy = opening = An opening into the colon from the outside of the body Opstomy?? Ignostomy?? HOW AM I GONING TO REMEMBER THIS!!! Para- Beside; alongside; abnormal Maybe we could think of the word “parentheses” because they’re always beside or alongside a word. Ofcourse I’d have to remember the abnormal part, but I’m sure I’ll remember it evetually. -lysis -lytic Loosening; breakdown; destruction; dissolving Let’s think of the work decaying, and kind of like acid, because they tie in with being broken down and dissolving. -necrosis Tissue death ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Arterionecrosis ​ ​ ​ ​ Arterio = artery + necrosis = tissue death ​ ​ ​ ​ = abnormal cell/tissue death of an artery -stenosis Abnormal narrowing ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Arteriostenosis ​ ​ Arterio = artery + Stenosis = narrowing = abnormal narrowing in the artery Cervic- Trachel- Neck ​ ​ ​ The cervic is just like the clavicle we can think of it like that since it’s by the base of the neck. Trachel, we always think of the trachea which is close to the neck and is connected with allowing air to pass through the lungs. Chondr/i- Cartilage This’ll be difficult but I should keep think about the ear when this word is brought up because it’s mainly made of cartilage. Cyan- Blue ​ This one is pretty easy, most of us know what color cyan falls under anyways. I don’t think I need to find a way to remember it. Hem- Hema- Hemat- Hemo- Hemat/o- Blood ​ ​ This one is also pretty easy the Hemo- part gave it away. We could always remember it as Hemo- globin or hemat-oma. Which we know is a red blood cell, and a red blood cell clot. Also we can kind of think of it like tomato for hemat/o Mainly because they’re both red. Ost- Oste/o- Bone ​ ​ Osteoporosis = decrease in bone mass when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation. Remember in Hospital Playlist+ Mrs. Rosa and Mr. Ju were walking together and she was smacking him? Then he laughed and told her to stop because he had osteoporosis, then she laughed and said she also had osteoporosis, and wanted to see whose bones broke first. Psycho- Mind ​ ​ ​ Psycho is kinda easy to assume, kinda like psyche. Hrmm… Psychotic drugs affect the mind; Psycho abrnomal state of mind in this time. Ment- Mind, Chin ​ ​ ​ ​ Take a break and eat some Mentoes to think Phren- Diaphragm ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Under dem lungs. Lip- Fat ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: Lipids we know what lipids are and they’re our fat cells. Specifically the 3rd layer of our skin basically. Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, the hypodermis is mainly comprised of fat cells. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Damn she got dem fat lips My/o- Muscle *In a dramatic muscular voice singing ​ ​ ​ ​ Ma Ma Ma My Muscles are gone~! You know what Muscles start with? ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ M! And now what does My start with? ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ M! OHMYGOSH WHAT A COININKIDINK!!!!! ALMOST AS IF THEY”RE RELATED. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ My intrusive thoughts are winning -lith [suffix] Stone, calcification lith/o Stone ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Lithium, what do we know abt lithium it’s a piece of stone(??) well definitely a material. ​ Lith ​ ​ Example: ​ ​ ​ Lithectomy/lithotomy Lith = stone ectomy = surgical removal Lith = stone otomy = Cut into; inscision/lasceration into the body From this we can infer lithectomy/lithotomy means to surgically remove one or more stones from an organ or duct. Ophthalm- Eye Opt- Eye, vision Ocul- Eye ​ ​ ​ ​ Opt as in occipital; because it’s job is to receive sensory input from our eyes and interpret it in our brains so we can see and know what things look like Ocul as in oculus it’s a V.R. headset that basically let’s you do a bunch of things but basically you put it over your head and it covers your eyes. Ophthalm/o as in….idk good luck me just remember it deal with our eyes as best as you can. THALAM AS IN THALAMUS??? IN THE BRAIN THAT RECIEVES INFO FROM THE OCCIPITAL LOBE?!! YAH!! An/o Proct/o- Anus, rectum ​ ​ ​ An/o is kinda easy to remember as Anus. Ano kinda similar to Anu just add the s. ​ ​ ​ Procto/o; I keep thinking of Protolocus from the Song of Achilies. Well we know what happens to him and his relationship with Achilies and what they do. I’m not weird your weird. Cost- Rib ​ ​ ​ Costco ribs sounds good right now. ​ ​ Jesus man, that almost costed me my ribs!! -gram Record/image ​ ​ ​ What do grams mean in math?​ They’re a type of measurement to help grasp or produce a record. ​ ​ ​ Sonogram(??) Hologram Acro- Extremities ​ ​ ​ ​ Extremities as in the furthest point or limit of something, extreme degree of nature of something, or?? ​ ​ ​ ​ Acrobatics tests your body to the extremes(I think) Rhexis Break ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ God I need a rhexis from life. ​ ​ ​ ​ Rhexis sounds like recess, and what is recess? A Break for the poor children stuck in school and the adults from their boring and stressful job. Carcin- Cancer ​ ​ Carcinogen; we know that carcinogens are things that cause cancer. How are carcinogen’s created? Pollution! Waste! Radiation (Both man-made and naturally occuring) -penia Decrease Gen- Original ​ ​ ​ Origin (Do we have to explain the definition of origin?) ​ Ugh Ron for the last time it’s original not *yuck* OrGaNaL~ YK LIKE VINTAGGE OKAY! Burso- Small fluid-filled sac (acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts) ​ ​ ​ ​ We all have Burso, burso burso burso burso gracious sac thank you. Retr(o)- Backwards ​ ​ ​ OMG She dresses a retro style, she’s so frickin weird. Said the girl with an old western style cowboy outfit. If I could turn back time~ By: Cher Trip- Experiencing the effects of hallucinogens ​ Bro’s tripin' out. God, he should’ve never taken that LSD. Nah dude pretty sure he took an excess amount of marijuana. Ya sure? Y- *Screams in the distance, while thinking that wolves are chasing him* Actually- no it’s completely different. Come on we have to get him to the ambulance. Strep- Twist ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Yummy sushi twister -desis Binding ​ ​ ​ Think of desis are desire, or family. Desire - It binds us to our greed and what we truly want Family - It binds us together forcefully without rhyme or reason and although it’s nice, it’s also often harmful. “Love” it’s all that you need in a family. Mani- Madness, mental disturbing ​ ​ ​ ​ Well, according to chat gpt think of it like the “manic” for the bipolar distoder, where there’s a high energey, euphoria, or irritability. -​ Overly excited -​ Excessive enthusiasm How they think of me when I see a book. Glosso- lingu/o- Tongue Lingu/o like Language. Language can also be interpreted as a form of tongue, meaning how they speak. Glosso - glossy tongue, meaning applying lip gloss on their tongue. -trophy Nourishment, growth -plasia Formation, growth ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Atrophy - Means a loss in muscle mass, it’s no longer growing or expanding but shrinking. A means - without and lacking. Meaning that if we put an A in front of trophy, which means growth and nourishment, it could be seen as a regression in that nourishment. ​ Trophy, as a literal trophy we do so many things to grow as a person and hone in our skills to win and gain one. ​ Plasia, as BUILDING BLOCKS. It keeps getting taller or expanded. Supra- Above ​ ​ ​ Pretty sure the supra in real life means more expensive and higher that which I, a papur, can never hope for. So WAAAAAAAYYYYYY ABOVE MY LEAGUE OR ANYONE POOR PERSONS LEAGUE. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -or- Supra as in “superhero” as they’re supposedly above and beyond normal people. (Side note: what about super villains?) -ptosis Prolapse, drooping, falling ​ ​ ​ ​ HEYO! Remember that one toy we bought for the cats, that was supposed to stand up straight and stuff unless it was pushed down? Well basically remember how it kept drooping,ptosis, or falling and it was really annoying. We can think of it like sagging because of the drooping. For example, These days the guys prefer a ptosis way of showing their pants and shorts, meaning that they’re sagging their pants. Honestly whatever makes them happy but yuck. Nobody wants to see ur underwear. Mast- Breast ​ Kinda like Mamillary??? It’s apart of the breast. ???? Maybe,, Ack! Ma Chicken breast???? IDK ANYMORE I WISH THEY GAVE EXAMPLES TO USE ;-; Chest box. -rrhaphy Suture ​ ​ ​ Stitching, remember Mr. Bear, and the time we hugged him too much that his neck opened? Well dad had to suture/ sew it shut. Basically was using rrhaphy in that process. -rrhea Flow or discharge ​ ​ ​ -rrhexis Rupture ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Myorrhexis ​ ​ Myo = Muscle + -rrhexis = rupture ​ ​ ​ = Rupture within the muscles Dent(i/o)- Teeth/tooth ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: Dentist; And what do they work with?​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ THE TEETH!!! OMG YAY!! Cephal/o- Head ​ ​ ​ ​ Just think of it as Olo the ol at the end and then and another o. We know what olo means. Or we can think of it like encephalon as it’s up in our head. Auto- Self ​ Autonomous system - Things we do automatically without thinking about it. Like breathing Epi- ​ Upon; above; on; over ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ We can think of it like Wui? From korean meaning above. Epidermis - the top layer of the skin. Hydro- Water ​ ​ HYDROGEN MEANS WATER MOLECULE DUHH Lobo- Section(X); Lobe (yah) ​ ​ ​ ​ Lobo the Hobo had to get a lobotomy meaning that they drilled a hole into his lobe. -emesis Vomiting ​ Think of nausea and emesis, meaning the feeling of being sick and then actually throwing up. When a person gets food poisioning they can throw up Cholera makes a person vomit constantly so they’re dehydrated. Trans- Through ​ ​ ​ ​ IDK with this one man, ​ ​ ​ Transplant, they’re moving something, like an organ, from one person to another person’s body. Passing through something. -​ Going from one side of the room to another. Brady- Slow ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One word:Gradually Remember how Dr.Lin and Ms. Monroe had asked us what Brady- (slow Cardia (heart) meant? And how terrified we were because we were caught off guard? We’ll to put it simply it means that the heart is beating abnormally slow. -ectasis Expansion Cyt/o- Cell Cytoplasm - plasm means a form of liquid, but anyways cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. Odont- Teeth ​ ​ Odontris, a doctor who specializes with teeth. Silly little way: Think of odont- has udon, we chew udon with our teeth. leuk/o White ​ Leukima; a cancer where there’s too much white blood cells and has a dangerously higher count compared to red blood cells. If you want to think of it in a game stance, think of Luke from Obey me!(I don’t play it, but seen clips) and he basically wears blue and white, he’s very innocent and sweet and believes/is worshiping and works for God, and white usually is associated with purity and God. -esthesia Feeling, sensation One word: anesthesia; ​ ​ ​ ​ We know that an/a basically means lacking or without. And we know that anesthesia helps to remove the feeling of pain by making you drowsy or asleep. Cantho- Angle (of eyelid) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Remember in The Haunting in Connecticut, they had a box filled with eyelids. And they tilted it? So think of it every time they tilted in to give off an angle. Sten/o Narrow ​ ​ ​ ​ Aortic Stenosis; narrowing of the aortic valve meaning there’s a more constricted blood flow. Cheil-; chil/o Lip ​ ​ Chil out those lips they keep twitching -cele Swelling, hernia ​ ​ ​ ​ Celest got a hernia ​ Imagine blowing a ballong, blow it up too much it can bulge in one spot. A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. This often creates a noticeable bulge and can lead to discomfort or pain. Hernias can develop in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the abdominal area. Benign​ Not cancer(eous) ​ ​ Her breast cancer was benign just a small inflamation ocurred. Semen Seed ​ ​ ​ ​ Well, “seed” is definitely one way to put it. It also happens to be a Gamete, which is a specialized cell used in sexual reproduction. I’m sure most of us know at this point what that is and how it’s produced. Celi/o- Abdomen ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Think of Neo’s big belly Melan/o- Black ​ ​ ​ ​ MelaItonnin is usually a dark color, like black or purplish/pink Cauda- Tail ​ ​ ​ Remember Neiru’s long and skinny tail Cauda has a really weird rat tail as a hair choice. Myring/o- Eardrum (tympanic membrane) Tympan/o- Middle ear, eardrum ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Tympan makes me want to think of a drummer or a drum man, where they have to protect their ears sometimes and produce lots of sound. Myring is always behind Tympan following closely. Myring = My Earring Spondyl/o- Spinal column, vertebra ​ ​ ​ Spondyl is similar to Spiral, kinda like the spinal cord/column that is usually straight and goes both up and down. O- Eggs Ovari/o- Ovary ​ -centesis [surgical] Puncture ​ ​ ​ ​ Remember the time we saw the video of doctors holding a ballon and a needle, and they have to give the ballon a shot without popping it?. Think of it like that, you’re puncturing it and creating a hole. Ot/o- Aur(i/o)- Ear ​ ​ ​ ​ Otoscope a tool to look inside your ear. Aur(i/o) is the outer part of the ear that we can see. Aur ear → Our ear Squam- Scale ​ ​ ​ ​ I hate how my skin gets all flakey like fish scales. Mening/o- Meninges, membrane ​ ​ ​ ​ They protect the brain and the spinal cord from any damage. cec/o Cecum ​ ​ ​ ​ It’s a part of the digestive system, located at the beginning of the large intestines. It plays a key role in absorbing fluids and salts that remain after the digestive process in the small intestines. Cecum sounds like seat, so imagine the cecum as the “seat” where the small intestine “sits” before the food moves into the large intestines. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ LOWER RIGHT ABDOMEN!!!! It can also be interpreted as a “blind passage” because of it’s pouch/ a cul-de-sac. It doesn’t have a direct exit but instead transitions into the rest of the large intestine through the appendix and other segments. ​ A CUL-DE-SAC IS A ROUTE OR COURSE THAT ONLY HAS ONE OPENING!!! Macul- Spot/stain ​ ​ Macul- is usually for the eye, for example; Macular degeneration a spot, usually the center of the visual field, is lost. Macule- can be used for a few other body parts but it’s extremely uncommon for that to happen. ​ ​ Think of the pupil as a large spot in our eyes, or our mole as a spot on the skin. -pexy Fixation (surgical) ​ ​ ​ ​ Imagine if we have a loose button on your shirt. Then you fix it so it says in place. ​ ​ Hysteropexy - fixing or supporting the uterus to its normal position. Sub- Bellow, under ​ ​ ​ ​ Subnautica the game, basically premieres under water. Submerged - completely under something, usually a liquid like water. Subpar - Bellow average, or barley meeting it. Sprio- Coil ​ ​ ​ Spiro reminds me of spiral as it coils around itself or something else. ​ ​ Remember in Hospital Playlist+ they had to insert a coil into the patients brain to block an artery we can think of it like that. (Endovascular coiling) Lact/o- Milk ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Lactose intolerant ​ ​ Without the ability to digest milk or dairy properly, so you often get an upset stomach. Lactating - A thing that occurs in a new mom, they start lactating in their mamillaries or their newborns. (Mast - breast). Onych/o- Nail Keratine maybe? Our nails are made of Keratine so to remember onych we should think of Keratine and what it makes up. Thorac/o - Chest ​ ​ The thoracic cavity happens to lie in our chest. Pyle- Gate ​ ​ ​ Think of a door, that opens and closes, but it’s like a club an has a bouncer that’s making sure to prevent anyone who isn’t supposed to come inside, can’t go inside. So the bouncer is like the gate or gatekeeper. Vesic- Bladder, sac ​ ​ ​ ​ Uhhhhhhhh Idk how to memorize this and Chatgpt and everything else isn’t helping. Ummmmm. Maybe….. If you keep holding your pee in continuously your bladder could explode??? Wait should I be saying vesic instead of bladder???? I should just learn how to speek Greek at this point it might make everything easier Sphenic- Wedge Think of the sphenoid bone, it’s a wedge-shaped bone located at the base of the skull, behind the eye and nose. Myel/o- Bone marrow, spinal cord Myeloma - a cancer that starts in the bone marrow ​ Myelitis - Inflammation of the spinal cord Anti- Contra-  Against, opposed ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ That’s quite the contrary~ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Anti-fan I am Myco- Fungus ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ MoLd~ makes penicillin Physio- Nature ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Physiology is the study of the body and how they work and what they do. Bucco- Cheek Rug- Wrinkle ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ A wrinkled rug! acoust(i)- Hearing, sound,hear ​ ​ ​ ​ Usually always associates with sounds idk. colp(o)- Hollow, vaginal region ​ ​ ​ ​ Cavity Phon- Voice, sound ​ ​ ​ My Phone won’t shut up Leio- Smooth ​ ​ ​ ​ Smooth muscles Orchi- Testis ​ ​ Quick question though, what are testis? Chatgpt answer: Testes, male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone. Thalam- Inner chamber ​ ​ ​ ​ The thalamus is apart of the old brain which is in one of the innermost part of the brain. Plexus Braid ​ ​ ​ A plexus is a network of interwoven nerves or blood vessels. In anatomy, it often refers to a complex network of nerves that intersect and communicate with each other. ​ ​ Remember the word: complex, as it deals with a network or tangle of wires which symbols the network of nerves or blood vessels. Cilia Eyelash Dendr- Tree, branching ​ ​ ​ ​ Dendrites look like tiny trees branching out. They’re like that because they’re the ones that receive the information. Phleb- vein ​ ​ ​ ​ Phlebotomy - taking blood out for medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Why can we think of the word phlebotomy to remember the definition of phleb? Because they’re specifically drawing blood out from the vein. Quick side note: Remember that the vein brings blood back to the heart Meanwhile, the artery takes the blood away from the heart. Pilo- hair ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pilo needs to grow more hair Pilo → Pillow And what do we do with a pillow? We rest our heads on a pillow which is related to hair. histo- tissue stoma- or- mouth ​ ​ ​ For stoma, I’m pretty sure that it’s apart of the body somewhere in the face or upper body. However, for or- I can think of oral which means mouth-like oral consumption, so you're eating something or consuming something through your mouth. umbilic- navel ​ ​ ​ We can think of it like an umbilical cord, which later turns into our belly buttons. Which is also called the navel. salpingo- Fallopian tube Tip from yours truly, ​ Chatgpt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ “Salpingos” sounds like “salami,” and just as salami is something you might find in the kitchen, salpingo- refers to something in the body, specifically the fallopian tubes (like a kitchen appliance might have a specific place in the kitchen) Also, what are fallopian tubes? - Again from yours truly, ​ ​ Chatgpt Fallopian tubes are a pair of slender tubes in the female reproductive system. They extend from the upper corners of the uterus to near the ovaries. Their main function is to transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. helio- Sun ​ In Greek mythology, Helios was the god of the sun or some other bull shrimp that dealt with the sun. astr- star shaped ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Astronomy - The study of the stars (wow yippie such a big frickin surprise) -asthenia weakness fasci/o Band of tissue (fascia)  ​ ​ ​ The fascia is a type of connective tissue in the body that surrounds, supports and separates muscles, organs, and other structures. Roles:​ -Suppourt and structure -​ Separation and compartmentalization: separates different muscle groups and organs. -​ Movement: allows for smooth movement by allowing muscles to glide over one another and over the bone. To remember - FAScia Supports; mesh, a large collection of fabric tied/bound together. is/o- equal ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: identical ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ = ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Judging scale from the law thingy magig. tal/o Talus (ankle) tarso- (tarsus) ankle ​ ​ ​ ​ Inferior to the torso, like tarsals. -top/o Put, place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ I put my keys ontop of the cabinet pod/o- foot ​ ​ ​ ​ Think of pod/o as paa they sound similar and paa means foot/feet in tagalog. malign- bad ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Maligoma(??) Bad tumor? Adnexa- (appendages or accessory structures of an organ or body part) ties, connection ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Adnexa needs new accessories. lapar/o-  abdominal wall ​ ​ ​ ​ For this, we can think of it as stomach and wall. dacry-, lacrim- Tear ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dacry, lacrimal produces tears. AND dacry literally has cry in it. part- labor, bring forth It came from the Latin word “partus” meaning “birth” or delivery” ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: parturition It means the act of giving birth or is in the process of labor. Sentence: ​The nurse monitored the parturient’s contractions to ensure the delivery process was progressing smoothly. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Another word: Postpartum Meaning after birth. scler(a)-, scirr(h)-, dura- hard  Scler(a) - comes from the Greek word “skleros,” meaning “hard”. In medical terminology, it refers to hardness or hardening of tissue. Example of it: ​ ​ ​ sclerosis ​ Scler = hardening of tissue + osis = any state of condition Sclerosis is the abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as in multiple sclerosis where nerve tissue becomes hardened or scarred. ​ Scirr(h)- - Comes from the Greek word “skirros,” meaning “hard”. It often refers to a type of tumor or answer that has a hard, dense texture. One word: ​ sicrrhous A type of cancerous tumor that is hard and fibrous, typically found in the stomach or breast. Sentence to help: ​ ​ ​ Her biopsy had revealed a sicrrhous carcinoma in her breast. ​ Dura- - comes from the Latin word “durus” meaning “hard.” It usually refers to the dura mater, the rough outer membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. One word: ​ Dura Mater A thick, protective outer layer of the meninges surrounds the brain and spinal cord. somato- Body; bodily ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; Somatic cells Sentence: ​ ​ sinus hollow space ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: hypno- sleep ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Hypnotise Some people are put into a sleepy transe like state when they’re hypnotised sept-, pariet- wall ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Septum A wall or line in your heart that separates the valves and other half of the heart ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Parietal antr-, alveol- cavity -crine to secrete ​ ​ ​ Endocrine, Inside secretion -sclerosis Abnormal hardening(specifically within a tissue or an organ) Ex; ​ ​ ​ Arteriosclerosis ​ ​ Arterio = Artery sclerosis = hardening ​ ​ ​ = Abnormal hardening of the artery pneum-, pulmo- lung ​ ​ Pulmonary = Lungs + Respiratory phage to eat ​ We can think of it like a macrophage, they’re essentially white blood cells that consume/eat the antibodies corne-, kerat- horny plak- plate ​ ​ ​ Plack! I broke the plate iris rainbow ​ I don’t know why but I just remembered a really corny pick up joke people used to say about having pretty eyes. ptyal- saliva ​ ​ ​ I like to think of this as Stray Kids Thunderous song, more specifically the part where they go “Pht Pht Pht Pht…” Where essentially in this scene they’re spitting the saliva into the hands. oophor- ovary ​ ​ ​ Ophrah is a woman meaning that she has ovaries (well had). oment- covering sedat- quiet, calm ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One word:​Sedation It’s means calming or inducing a state of relaxation of sleepiness. Sentence: The doctor has administered a medication for headaches that worked as a light sedative, allowing me to sleep earlier to get rid of my headaches. furca- Fork-shaped ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Let’s imagine a fork, or wisdom teeth ​ It’s forked shaped becasue of it’s two lines branching out from the handle. (seems more like a prong to me but they want to say fork, or maybe kinda like a fork-lift where there only two thinks steeming from one bar.) Example, furcation, a both or tooth divides into branches. Don’t be like me and think that it’s the tooth that’s split, it’s the root. radic- root ​ ​ ​ Usually is in the context of nerves or plants, however, for medicine it usually describes conditions or procedures related to nerve roots, Example, “Radiculopathy” is a condition caused by compression or irritation of a nerve root, leading to pain, weakness, or numbness. ​ ​ Think of a radish it’s connected to the ground through it’s roots. We can also think of the square root, for this. radi- ray ​ ​ ​ ​ Radiating rays of radiation "The radiologist reviewed the X-rays to assess the extent of the bone fracture." fistul- pipe abnormal connection or passageway between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect. A fistula can occur due to disease, injury, or surgery and can form between various parts of the body, such as between the intestine and the skin, or between blood vessels and organs. The term "fistula" comes from the Latin word for "pipe" or "tube," reflecting the idea of an unnatural conduit.​ ​ ​ ​ Get a fistul in your windpipe edema swelling  dactyl- finger, toe ​ ​ ​ Neiru is poldactyl, meaning that she has extra fingers/toes on her paws. Wasn’t stanford from Gravity Falls polydactyl too? metabole change ​ ​ Metabolism changes as you grow, how active you are, and your food intake. ependym- wrapping gravid pregnant aer- air ​ ​ ​ Aer literally sounds like air, meaning its definition is AiR fun and easy.  glyco- Sweet ​ ​ Glucose means sugar, and sugar is sweet A- Not, without, lacking ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Example: I was diagnosed with anemia, meaning I lack red blood cells. Medical perspective example: ​ The term aseptic refers to a condition or environment free from infection-causing microorganisms, essential in preventing contamination during surgical procedures.” Ab - Away from, departing from ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: abduction Example: ​ In the context of anatomy, abduction refers to the movement of a limb or other body part away from the midline of the body.” abdomin/o Abdomen -able Capable ​ ​ ​ Two words: treatable & curable Treatable - able to treat and alleviate or eradicate the pain or illness Curable - It’s possible to be cured from that disease or disorder -ac Pertaining to (Gr. akos) ​ ​ ​ ​ One word: acredibility Like in any research paper or essay you need to have a credible course that pertains to your paper. Medical example: ​ Gastric: Pertains to the stomach “The doctor recommended a gastric bypass surgery to treat severe obesity.” acanth/o Thorn, spin It’s used to refer to structures or conditions related to spiny or thorn-like projections. ​ ​ ​ ​ Acan| Thorn Remember sleeping beauty? ​ What was her name again Aurora?​ So let’s say that Aurora = Acan, and now our Acan had thought that it would be a lovely idea to touch the spindel of thorns. acetabul/o​ Acetabulum ​ For context the acetabulum is the socket-like part of the hip joint where the head of the femur fits. ​ ​ ​ I keep thinking of Heartsenbyul from TW According to Chat gpt it’s shape is similar to that of a cup meaning that it’s essentially concave(?) A mnemonic: ​ Ace the Ball Game - the acetabulum is the ace that holds the ball which happens to be the femur. acou-​ sound, hear, acoustic [prefix] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The acoustic gerne sucks, change my mind You might need to get an acoucular check acr/o​ Extremity ​ ​ Acrobatics is quite extreme, trust me it’s not for the weak. ​ ​ act/o​ do, act ​ ​ Act |o, literally in the name is has act ad-​ toward [prefix] ​ ​ ​ ​ Ad - ittional costs T~T ​ ​ ​ Adduction = movement of the limb towards the midline of the body -ac pertaining to [suffix] adenoid/o Adenoid adip/o​ Fat adren/o​ adrenal gland agglutin/o​ adhere or clump agon/o​ Struggle agor/a marketplace (Gr. agora) -al​ pertaining to [suffix] albin/o​ white (L. albus) I like to think of it a very cute white rat with its’ red eyes. Which is usually a characteristic of albinisism, not albino because it can be offensive. Know your terms! algesi/o​ Pain I believe we already covered this but remember ana-glesia its a pain killer, so we’re getting rid of the pain. Ana- = pertaining to -algesia​ pain [suffix] -centesis Surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid ​ ​ ​ ​ Abdominocentesis ​ ​ Abdomino = abdomen + centesis = removal/puncture to remove water ​ ​ ​ = Surgical puncture to remove water within the abdomen. -graphy Process of producing picture or record ​ ​ ​ Angiography ​ Angio = blood vessels + Graphy = producing image/record ​ ​ ​ = recording and processing blood vessels -gram Picture/record ​ ​ ​ ​ Angiogram ​ ​ Angio = blood vessel + gram = picture/record = a record of blood vessels Think of it like a photogram, or instagram Prenatal ​ ​ ​ Pre = before natal = birth/infant ​ ​ ​ = Time and events before birth Perinatal ​ ​ ​ Peri = surrounding Nat = birth -al = pertaining to = Time just before, during, and just after birth Postnatal ​ ​ ​ Post- = after ​ ​ ​ Nat = birth ​ ​ ​ -al = pertaining to ​ ​ =time and events after birth Ab - Away from, negative, absent ​ Ex: Abduction  Movement away from the body Ad- Towards, to, in the direction of Towards the body​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex: Adduction Movement towards the body Dextr/o Right side Sinistr/o Left side Ex- Out of, outside, away from ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; Ex/o-thermic reaction ​ ​ = A reaction that’s occurring outside of the body, or heat is being lost In- In, into, not, without ​ ​ ​ Ex; in-troduction; in-travenous vein In-troduction = we’re looking into ourselves In-travenous vein = vein that has a needle or tube inserted into it to deliver fluids or medications Macro- Large ​ ​ ​ Ex; macro-molecules ​ ​ = Large proteins Another example: ​ ​ ​ Big mac Micr/o, micro- Small ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; micro-organisms ​ ​ ​ ​ =Small living things ​ ​ ​ Ex; micro-scope ​ ​ ​ =it allows us to see small things we can’t usually see Inter- Means between or among ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; inter-stitial fluid ​ ​ ​ = Between but, not within, the parts of a tissue Eu- Means good, normal, well, or easy. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; Eu-pena ​ ​ ​ = Easy/normal breathing Laryang larynx/throat ​ ​ ​ ​ Ex; Laryang need a new larynx ot/o Ear Do you remember that one stupid meme? The hear me outs or like my roman empire is… well replace that or include that with the ottoman empire. Why? BECAUSE WE ARE HEARING YOU OUT!! DUHH A- No, not, without, away from, negative I like to think of this as A-negative or a-symptomic meaning that it’s not present and asymptomatic means you don’t feel those symptoms -a Noun ending abrod/o, abras/o Rub or scrape off abrput/o Broken away from Abscess/o Collection of pus, going away Apsorpt/o Suck up, suck in Acanth/o Spiny, thorny Acetabul/o Acetabulum (hip socket) Pertaining to’s: -ac -al -ary -eal -ial -ical -ic -ine -ior -ory -ous -itc Abnormal conditions -ago -esis -ia -iasis -ion -ism -osis Noun Endings -a -ae (plural) -e -i(plural) -um(single) -us(single) -y abrad/o; abras/o Rub or scrape off abrupt/o Broken away from Abs- Away from abscess/o Collection of put, going away absorpt/o Suck,up, suck in -ac Pertaining to acanth/o Spiny, thorny -acquir/o Get, obtain acr/o Extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point acromi/o Acromion, point of shoulder blade actin/o Light acu/o Sharp, severe, sudden acuit/o, acut/o Sharp, sharpness acust/o, -acussia, -acusis Hearing, sense of hearing Ad- Toward, to, in the direction of aden/o Gland adenoid/o Adenoids adhes/o Stick to, cling to adip/o Fat adnex/o Bound to adren/o Adrenal glands aer/o Air, gas aesthet/o Sensation, sense of perception Af- Toward, to Affect/o Exert influence on Agglutin/o Clumping, stick together Agress/o Attack, step forward -ago Abnormal condition, disease agor/a Marketplace -agra Excessive pain, seizure, attack of severe pain -iase Comfort, ease -al Pertaining to Alb/i, alb/o, all/o Different Alveol/o Alevelous (air sac) Ambi- Both (prefix) ambly/o Dull Ambo- Both ambul/o Walking amni/o Amnion Amphi- Both sides amyl/o Starch An- Not, without, lacking an/o Anus Ana- Apart, up andr/o Male angi/o Vessel anis/o Unequal ankyl/o Stiff, crook -ant Doing, having Ante- Before Anter/o Front Anti- Against aort/o Aorta -apheresis Removal Apo- Separation, derived from Aphth/o Ulcer Apic/o Apex aplast/o Defective development, lack of development Apoplect/o A stroke Append/o, appendic/o Appendix aqu/i, aqu/o, aque/o Water -ar Pertaining to arachn/o Spiderweb, spider arc/o Beginning -arche Beginning areat/o Occurring in patched or circumscribed areas Areol/o Little open space -aria Connected with arrect/o Upright, lifted up, raised Bacill/o Rod-shaped bacterium (pleura, bacteria) Bartholin/o Batholin’s gland Bil/i Bile, gall Bilirubin/o Bilirubin Bin- Two borborymn/o Rumbling sound brev/i. brev/o Short Brux/o grind bacteri/o​ bacteria balan/o​ glans penis bar/o​ pressure bas/o​ base, foundation bi-​ two [prefix] bi/o​ life, living bil/i​ bile bin-​ two [prefix] bio-​ life -blast​ immature, early stage cell [suffix] blast/o​ immature, early stage cell blephar/o​eyelid brachi/o​ arm brachy-​ short [prefix] brady-​ slow [prefix] bronch/o​ bronchus bucc/o​ cheek burs/o​ bursa (small fluid-filled sac) Cadaver/o Dead body, corpse Calc/i Calcium, lime, the heel Cali/o, calic/o Cup, calyx Calor/i Heat Canalicul/o Little canal or duct Canath/o Corner of the eye Capill/o Hair Carb/o Carbon Carbuncl/o Carbuncle Carot/o Stupor, sleep Cartilage/o Cartilage, gristle Caruncul/o Bit of flesh Cat-, cata-, cath- Down, lower, under Catabol/o A breaking down Cathart/o Cleansing, purging Cathet/o Cauter/o, caut/o Heat, burn cac- bad, abnormal [prefix] calc/o calcium calcane/o calcaneus (heel) canth/o angle capit/o head capn/o carbon dioxide capsul/o capsule carcin/o cancer cardi/o heart carp/o wrist (carpal) cata- down [prefix] caud/o tail, down caus/o burn(ing) cec/o cecum -cele hernia, swelling [suffix] celi/o abdomen cellul/o cell -centesis surgical puncture [suffix] centi- one hundredth [prefix] centr/o center cephal/o head -ceps head, leader [suffix] cept received cerebell/o cerebellum cerebr/o cerebrum cerumin/o cerumen (earwax) cervic/o neck, cervix cheil/o lip cheir/o hand chem/o drug, chemical chil/o lip chir/o hand chlor/o green chol/e gall, bile cholangi/o bile duct chondr/o cartilage chori/o chorion choroid/o choroid chrom/o color chromat/o color chron- time [prefix] -cidal killing, destroying [suffix] -cide killing [suffix] cine- movement [prefix] circulat/o circle shape circum- around [prefix] cirrh/o orange-yellow (Gr. kirrhos) cis/o cut -clasia break [suffix] -clasis breaking [suffix] clavicul/o clavicle -cle small [suffix] cleid/o clavicle co- together [prefix] coagul/o coagulation, clotting cochle/o cochlea col/o colon coll/a neckline colon/o colon colp/o vagina com- together, with [prefix] comat/o deep sleep con- with, together [prefix] coni/o dust consci/o aware contra- against, opposed [prefix] cor(e/o) pupil cord/o cord corne/o cornea corne/o corenea coron/o heart cort- covering corpor/o body cortic/o cortex cost/o rib coxa hip crani/o skull crin/o secrete -Crasia A mixture or blending creatin/o creatinine crepit/o, crepitat/o Crackling, rattling -crine secreting [suffix] -crit separate (Gr. kritos) [suffix] cris/o, critic/o Turninig point crur/o shin, leg cry/o cold (Gr. kryos) crypt/o hidden, obscured cubit/o elbow culd/o cul-de-sac cult/o cultivate -cusis hearing [suffix] cusp/i skin cutane/o skin cyan/o blue (Gr. kuanos) cycl/o ciliary body -cyesis pregnancy [suffix] cyst/o bladder, cyst cyt/o cell -cyte cell [suffix] -cytic Pertaining to a cell -cytosis Condition of cells dacry/o tear (duct) dacryocyst/o Lacrimal sace dactyl/o finger or toe (digit) de- away from, down [prefix] debrid/e Open to a wound decidu/o Shedding, falling off decubit/o Lying down defect/o, defectat/o To free from waste, clear degenert/o Gradual impairment, breakdown, diminished function deglutit/o swllow defer/o Carrying down or out deca- ten [prefix] deci- one tenth [prefix] dem people dendr/o tree dent(i/o) tooth derm(a/o) skin deliri/o Wandering in the mind delt/o Greek letter delta, triangular shape dermat/o skin delus/o Swelling (fluid) -desis surgical binding [suffix] -dem/o, dem/o People, population dextr/o right (side) depilate/o Hair removal depress/o Press down, lower, pressed or sunk down desic/o drying -desis To bind, tie together deteriorat/o Worsening or gradual impairment right side dextr/o Right side di- twice, two [prefix] dia- across, through [prefix] didym/o testis diaphor/o sweat diaphragmant/o Diaphragm, wall across diastole/o Standing apart, expansion didym/o Testes, twins, double diffus/o Spread apart, pour out dif- separate [prefix] digit/o finger, toe digest/o Divide, distribute dilat/o expand dilat/o, dilatat/o Spread out, expanding, stretching dilut/o Dissolve, separate diphter/o membrane dipl/o double (Gr. Diploos) dips/o thirst -dipsia thirst [suffix] dis- apart, separate [prefix] dip/o Double dislocat/o displacement dissect/o Cutting apart disseminant/o Widley scattered disk/o disk dist/o distant from origin diur/o, diuret/o Tending to increase urine output distend/o, distent/o Stretch apart, expand diver/i Turning aside dors/o back domin/o Controlling, ruling don/o give duct/o lead -dote What is given -drome To run, running -duct opening duoden/o duodenum dur/o dura mater -dural Pertaining to dura mater dynam/o power, force -dynia pain [suffix] dys- abnormal, bad, difficult [prefix] e- out from, from [prefix] -eal pertaining to [suffix] -e Noun ending ec- out, outside [prefix] ech/o (reflected) sound echym/o Pouring out of juice eclamps/o, eclampt/o Flashing or shining forth ect(o)- out of, outside [prefix] -ectasia dilation [suffix] -ectasis dilation, expansion [suffix] -ectomy (surgical) removal [suffix] -edema swelling [suffix] electr/o electricity em- in [prefix] embol/o embolus embry/o embryo -emesis vomiting [suffix] -emia blood condition [suffix] emmetr/o proportioned, correct measure en- inside, within [prefix] encephal/o brain end- within, inner [prefix] endo- within, inner [prefix] ent- within [prefix] enter/o (small) intestine eosin/o red ep- above, on, over [prefix] epi- above, on, over [prefix] epiglott/o epiglottis episi/o vulva equi- equal, same [prefix] erg/o work -ergy work [suffix] erythem/o redness erythr/o red (Gr. erythros) -esis condition or state [suffix] eso- within [prefix] esophag/o esophagus esthesi/o feeling, sensation -esthesia feeling, sensation [suffix] estr/o female eti(o)- cause [prefix] eu- good, normal, well [prefix] ex- away from, out [prefix] exa- quintillion [prefix] exo- outside [prefix] extra- outside [prefix] faci/o face fasci/o band of tissue (fascia) femor/o thigh bone (femur) femto- one quadrillionth [prefix] fet/o fetus fibr/o fiber fibul/o fibula flex/o bend fluor/o light, luminous, fluorine, fluoresce follicul/o small sac -form shape of [suffix] galact/o milk gangli/o ganglion ganglion/o ganglion gastr/o stomach -gen formation, producing [suffix] gen/o produce -genesis formation, producing [suffix] -genic produced by [suffix] ger/o old age giga- billion [prefix] gigant/o huge gingiv/o gums glauc/o gray (Gr. glaukos) gli/o glue -globin protein [suffix] glomerul/o glomerulus gloss/o tongue gluc/o glucose, sugar glyc/o glucose, sugar gnath/o jaw -gnosis knowledge [suffix] gon/o genitals gonad/o sex gland goni/o angle -grade step [suffix] -gram image/record [suffix] granul/o granule -graph recording instrument [suffix] -graphy recording (process) [suffix] gravida pregnant woman gryp curvature gyn/o woman gynec/o female halit/o breath hecto- hundred [prefix] hem/o blood hemangi/o blood vessel hemat/o blood hemi- half (one side) [prefix] hepat/o liver heter(o)- other, different [prefix] hex- six [prefix] -hexia condition [suffix] hidr/o sweat hist/o tissue histi/o tissue hom(o)- same, similar [prefix] homeo- same, similar [prefix] humer/o humerus hydr/o water hyp- below normal, deficient [prefix] hyper- high, above normal [prefix] hypn/o sleep hypo- low, below normal [prefix] hyster/o uterus -ia condition [suffix] -ian specialist [suffix] -iasis condition or state [suffix] iatr/o treatment -iatrics medical specialty [suffix] -iatry medical specialty [suffix] -ic pertaining to [suffix] -ician specialist [suffix] -ics specialty [suffix] icter/o jaundice -ile pertaining to [suffix] ile/o ileum ili/o ilium im- not [prefix] immun/o immunity, safe in- into, not, within [prefix] -ine pertaining to [suffix] infra- below, beneath [prefix] -ing action, process (verb) [suffix] inguin/o groin inter- between [prefix] intra- within [prefix] intro- within [prefix] -ion process of [suffix] -ior pertaining to [suffix] ir- not [prefix] irid/o iris -is (noun form) [suffix] is/o equal isch/o hold back, restrain ischi/o ischium -ism condition [suffix] iso- equal, same [prefix] -ist specialist [suffix] -itis inflammation [suffix] -ity condition [suffix] -ive character, quality [suffix] -ize do, make (verb) [suffix] jaund/o yellow (L. galbinus) jejun/o jejunum jugul/o Throat juxta- near, close to [prefix] kal/i potassium kary/o (cell) nucleus kel/o tumor, growth Kata-, kath- down kerat/o cornea, horny tissue keton/o ketone kilo- one thousand [prefix] kin/e movement klept/o To steal kinesi/o movement kwaur/o dry -kinesia movement [suffix] -kinesis movement [suffix] kyph/o hump(back) (Gr. kuphos) labi/o lip lacrim/o tear (duct), lacrimal duct lact/o milk -lalia speech, verbalize [suffix] lamin/o lamina lapar/o abdomen laryng/o larynx (voice box) later/o side lei/o smooth -lemma rind [suffix] lent/i lens -lepsy seizure [suffix] leuk/o white (Gr. leukos) -lexia speech, spoken word [suffix] lingu/o tongue lip/o fat, lipid lipid/o fat -lith stone, calcification [suffix] lith/o stone lob/o lobe log/o word logad/o white of the eye -logy study of [suffix] lord/o curve, bending lumb/o lumbar, lower back lymph/o lymph -lysis breakdown, destruction [suffix] -lytic decomposition [suffix] macro- large [prefix] mal- bad, abnormal [prefix] -malacia softening [suffix] mamm/o breast mandibul/o mandible (lower jaw) -mania madness, obsession [suffix] manus hand mast/o breast mastoid/o mastoid process maxill/o maxilla (upper jaw) medi/o middle medull/o medulla, marrow mega- very large, million [prefix] -megaly enlargement [suffix] melan/o black (Gr. melas) men/o menstruation mening/o meninges, membrane menisc/o meniscus ment/o mind mes/o middle, central meso- middle [prefix] meta- alter, beyond, change [prefix] metacarp/o metacarpal (hand bone) metatars/o metatarsal (foot bone) -meter instrument for measuring [suffix] metr(i/o) uterus, measure -metry process of measuring [suffix] mi/o less, smaller micro- small, one millionth [prefix] milli- one thousandth [prefix] -mimetic mimic, simulating [suffix] minim smallest, least; fluid measure (1/60 of a fluidrachm) mit/o thread -mnesia memory [suffix] mon(o)- one, single [prefix] morph/o form, shape multi- more than one [prefix] muscul/o muscle my/o muscle myc/o fungus myel/o bone marrow, spinal cord myos/o muscle myring/o eardrum (tympanic membrane) myx/o mucus nano- one billionth [prefix] narc/o numbness, stupor nas/o nose nat(i/o) birth natr/o sodium necr/o death neo- new [prefix] nephr/o kidney neur(i/o) nerve neutr/o neither, neutral (L. neutralis) noct/o night -noia mind [suffix] non- not, negative of [prefix] norm/o normal, conforms to rule nucl/eo nucleus nulli- none [prefix] o/o egg (ovum) obstetr/o midwife occlus/o close, obstruct ocul/o eye odont/o tooth -oid pertaining to, resemble [suffix] -ole small opening [suffix] olecran/o olecranon (elbow) olfact/o smell oligo- few, scant [prefix] -ologist one who studies [suffix] -ology study of [suffix] -oma tumor, mass [suffix] omphal/o navel -on that goes [suffix] onc/o tumor, mass onych/o nail oophor/o ovary ophry/o eyebrow ophthalm/o eye -opia vision [suffix] -opsia vision [suffix] -opsy viewing [suffix] opt/o eye, vision optic/o sight, vision -or doer, one who [suffix] or/o mouth orch/o testicle orchi/o testis orchid/o testicle -orexia appetite [suffix] organ/o organ orth/o straight; correct -ory relating to [suffix] oscill/o swing -ose sugar [suffix] -osis (abnormal) condition [suffix] oss(eo/i) bone oste/o bone -ostomy artificial opening [suffix] ot/o ear -otomy cut in [suffix] -ous pertaining to [suffix] ov(i/o) egg (ovum) ovari/o ovary ox(i/o/y) oxygen pachy- thick [prefix] palat/o palate palpit/o throb, flutter pan- all [prefix] pancreat/o pancreas papill/o nipple, papilla papul/o papule, pimple para has given birth para- beside, near [prefix] -paresis weakness, slight paralysis [suffix] patell/o patella (knee) path/o disease -pathy disease [suffix] pector/o chest ped(i/o) child, foot pelv(i/o) pelvis -penia deficiency [suffix] -pepsia digestion [suffix] pept/o digest per- through [prefix] peri- around [prefix] perine/o perineum peritone/o peritoneum peta- quadrillion [prefix] -pexy fixation (surgical) [suffix] phac/o lens (eye) phag/o eat, ingest -phagia eating, ingestion [suffix] phak/o lens (eye) phalang/o finger or toe bone (phalanges) phall/o penis pharmac/o drug pharyng/o pharynx, throat phas/o speech -phasia speech [suffix] phen/o show -pheresis removal [suffix] -phil(ia) affinity for, attraction [suffix] phleb/o vein phob/o fear, aversion to -phobia fear, aversion to [suffix] phon/o sound, voice -phoresis transmit, carry [suffix] phos light phot/o light -phragm separation, wall [suffix] phren/o diaphragm -phylaxis protection, prevention [suffix] physi/o function, natural physic/o natural -physis growth [suffix] -phyte plant [suffix] pico- one trillionth [prefix] pil/o hair pineal/o pineal gland pituitar/o pituitary (gland) -plakia plaque [suffix] -plasia formation, growth [suffix] -plasm formation, thing formed [suffix] plasm/o plasma, formative -plast formation, cell [suffix] -plasty surgical repair [suffix] -plegia paralysis [suffix] pleur(a/o) pleura -pnea breathing [suffix] pneum(a/o) air, lung pneumon/o lung, breath pod/o foot -poiesis formation [suffix] poli/o gray (Gr. polios) poly- many, much [prefix] poly- many [prefix] por- opening, passage through [prefix] post- after; behind [prefix] poster/o back, towards back -praxia activity [suffix] pre- before, in front of (time or place) [prefix] presby- old age primi- first [prefix] pro- before, in front of (time or place) [prefix] proct/o anus, rectum prostat/o prostate (gland) prot(o)- first [prefix] proxim/o near, proximal to prurit/o itching (pruritus) pseudo- false [prefix] psych/o mind -ptosis prolapse, drooping [suffix] -ptysis spitting [suffix] pub/o pubis pulm/o lung pulmon/o lung pupill/o pupil purpur/o purple (Gr. purphura) py/o pus pyel/o renal pelvis pylor/o pylorus pyr/o fever, heat quadri- four [prefix] quint- five [prefix] rachi/o spine radi/o (x-ray) radiation radicul/o nerve root ras scrape re- backward; again [prefix] rect/o rectum ren/o kidney respirat/o breathing reticul/o network retin/o retina retro- behind, backward [prefix] rhabd/o rod shaped rhabdomy/o striated/skeletal muscle rheumat/o discharge, flow, joint rhin/o nose rhytid/o wrinkle rotat/o turn, rotate -rrhage excessive flow [suffix] -rrhagia excessive flow [suffix] -rrhaphy suture [suffix] -rrhea flow, discharge [suffix] -rrhexis rupture [suffix] rrhythm/o rhythm rube/o red sacr/o sacrum salping/o fallopian tube sarc/o flesh scapul/o scapula (shoulder blade) schiz/o split, divide scler/o hardening, sclera sclera/o hard -sclerosis hardening [suffix] scoli/o crooked, bent, twisted (Gr. skolios) -scope visual examination instrument [suffix] -scopy visual examination [suffix] scrot/o scrotum seb/o sebum semi- half [prefix] semin/o semen seminat semen -sepsis putrefying [suffix] sept- seven [prefix] sept/o infection, partition septic/o infection, putrefying ser/o serum sial/o saliva sider/o iron sigmoid/o sigmoid colon -sis condition, state of [suffix] situ in place somat/o body -some body [suffix] somn(i/o) sleep son/o sound -spasm contraction, spasm [suffix] sperm/o spermatozoa spermat/o spermatozoa spher/o spherical sphygm/o pulse spin/o spine spir/o breathe splen/o spleen spondyl/o vertebra squam/o squamous (scaly) -stalsis contraction [suffix] staped/o stapes -stasis control, stop [suffix] steat/o fat sten/o narrow stern/o sternum (breastbone) steth/o chest stom(a/o) mouth, opening stomat/o mouth -stomy surgical opening [suffix] strict tighten sub- below, under [prefix] sud/o sweat super- above [prefix] supra- above [prefix] sym- together, with [prefix] syn- together, with [prefix] synov/o synovial membrane systol contraction tachy- fast, rapid [prefix] tal/o talus (ankle) tars/o tarsus (ankle) -taxia coordination [suffix] tele distant tempor/o temple; period of time ten/o tendon tend/o tendon tendin/o tendon tens tight, tension tera- trillion [prefix] terat/o monster, deformed test/o testis testicul/o testis tetra- four [prefix] thalam/o thalamus thel/o nipple -therapy treatment [suffix] therm/o heat thorac/o chest thromb/o clot thym/o thymus gland thyr/o thyroid gland thyroid/o thyroid gland tibi/o tibia -tic pertaining to [suffix] toc/o birth, labor tom/o cut -tome cutting instrument [suffix] -tomy incision [suffix] ton/o tone, tension, pressure tonsill/o tonsil top/o put, place tors/o twisted tort/i twisted tox/o poison, toxin toxic/o poison trache/o trachea trachel/o neck tract/o draw trans- across, through [prefix] tri- three [prefix] trich/o hair trigon/o trigone -tripsy crushing [suffix] trop- turn -troph(y) nourishment, growth [suffix] troph/o nourishment, growth -trophic growth, development [suffix] -tropic turning to, affinity for [suffix] tub/o tube tuber swelling tuss/i cough tympan/o middle ear, eardrum -type class, grouping, type [suffix] -ule small [suffix] uln/o ulna ultra- beyond, excessive [prefix] -um structure [suffix] umbilic/o navel (umbilicus) un- not, reversal [prefix] ungu/o nail uni- one [prefix] ur/o urine, urinary tract uran/o palate -ure process [suffix] ure(a/o) urine, urinary tract ureter/o ureter urethr/o urethra -uria urine condition [suffix] urin/o urine -us structure [suffix] uter/o uterus uve/o uvea uvul/o uvula vag/o vagus nerve vagin/o vagina valvul/o valve varic/o swollen vein vas/o vessel, vas deferens vascul/o (blood) vessel ven(i/o) vein venere/o sexual intercourse ventr(i/o) front of body, belly verm/i worm vers/o turn(ing) vertebr/o vertebra vesic/o urinary bladder vesicul/o seminal vesicle vir/o virus viril/o masculine viscer/o internal organs vitre/o glassy vulv/o vulva xanth/o yellow (Gr. xanthos) xen/o strange; foreign matter xer/o dry xiph/o sword shape