Media Literacy Reviewer Quiz 2 PDF

**MediaLit Reviewer Q2** [Three Types of Information Sources ] **PRIMARY SOURCES** -- considered as original or genuine materials such as artifacts, documents, letters, scientific data and records of political, economic, artistic, scientific, social and intellectual thoughts and achievements. --...

**MediaLit Reviewer Q2** [Three Types of Information Sources ] **PRIMARY SOURCES** -- considered as original or genuine materials such as artifacts, documents, letters, scientific data and records of political, economic, artistic, scientific, social and intellectual thoughts and achievements. -- provide concrete evidence that people used in the past. -- include first person or eyewitness accounts. Examples: pottery, ornaments, accessories, artifacts, autobiographies, face to face interviews, photographs, works of art and literature, speeches, original documents, research data, audio and video recordings. **SECONDARY SOURCES** -- documents made after an event has taken place -- give second-hand account (created by someone who used a primary source as reference). -- provides another angle/ perspective from a different person. Examples: history books, text books, articles from magazines, journals and newspapers, works of criticism and interpretation, commentaries. **TERTIARY SOURCES** -- publications that summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources to provide background on a topic, area, or event. Examples: encyclopedias, almanacs, manuals. **WHAT IS INDIGENOUS?** -It means native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular community, region or locality. **WHAT IS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE?** It is knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not written down. It is a rich body of information developed from experience and handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. **INDIGENOUS MEDIA** -- owned, controlled, experienced and managed by indigenous people of a community. -- Information is useful for community-level decision making such as health, child care, education, agriculture, livelihood, food preparation, conflict resolution and culture related topics such as festivals, songs, dances, clothes and local stories. (UNESCO) Examples include: -- stories, songs or poetry, drama, dance, paintings, and other art forms; -- community gatherings such as fiestas and rituals such as baptism; -- direct observation of practices such as preparation of meals; -- documents and other written records; and -- oral instruction of a skill. **Community Stories Examples** -- legend (alamat) fiction which tells about the origin of something -- folktale (kwentong bayan) narration about the characteristics of the time and place in which the story is told -- epic (epiko) heroic adventure of the main characters that sometimes possesses extraordinary powers -- mythology (mitolohiya) stories tells lives of mortals that are influenced by the gods, with focus on creation **THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION** ✓ Reliability ✓ Accuracy ✓ Value ✓ Authority ✓ Timeliness **RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION** Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. **ACCURACY OF INFORMATION** Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. **VALUE OF INFORMATION** Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. **AUTHORITY OF INFORMATION** Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject. **TIMELINESS OF INFORMATION** Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. It may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). [MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES] **Who is a producer?** -A person who targets audiences by catering to their interests and providing platforms that would suit their needs and preferences (Magpile, 2016) **What is an audience?** -A group of spectators in a public event (Magpile, 2016) **Who are stakeholders?** -A group of people or organization that has the same interest or concern with a particular group (Magpile, 2016) [-]They are the direct beneficiaries of what the media produce. They are the ones whose needs are satisfied. (Magpile, 2016) **What is language?** -pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge. (Media and Information Literacy TG, 2016) **What are media languages?** -codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience. (Media and Information Literacy TG, 2016) **What are codes and conventions?** CODES are systems of signs, which create meaning CONVENTION a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior (MIL TG) **Types of Codes** **Technical** **Symbolic** **Written** **Technical Codes** -ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and etc.) -include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting. **Sounds** **Camera Shots**  **EXTREME LONG SHOT** \- covers a wide area, thus, framing the subject including a vast amount of its surroundings. -often used to provide context for the scene or show far transportation. \- also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon. It depicts distance, thus, covering a huge area. **LONG SHOT** \- Intended to show a setting within a certain distance \- Does not cover great distances unlike the previous one  **MEDIUM LONG SHOT** \- shows a group of people in interaction with each other with part of their surroundings in the picture. **FULL SHOT** \- shows the subject fully, from head to toe in order to show action -used for dialogue sequences, and they allow the viewer to pick up on the character\'s movements and gestures.  **MEDIUM SHOT** \- shows a subject down to his/her waist, or chest (medium close up) -commonly used for interviews or newscasting because it directs the viewers to the subject **CLOSE UP SHOT** \- a full-screen shot of a subject's face showing the finest nuances of expression  **EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT** \- a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in detail -removes all possible distractions, thus focusing on the minute details **CAMERA ANGLES**  **Aerial Shot** \- Overhead Shot \- also called Bird's Eye Shot \- long or extreme long shot of the ground from the air **High-Angle Shot** -Camera is positioned looking down. -shows people or objects from above higher than eye level \- makes the subject look weak or vulnerable  **Low-Angle Shot** -Camera is positioned facing upwards \- shows people or objects from below, lower than eye level \- subject looks more dominant and powerful **Eye-Level Shot** \- views a subject from the level of a person's eye -neutral, normal viewing level -gives the viewer sense of equality  **Canted/Dutch Angle** -an intentional camera tilt -camera is not leveled in the horizon -aims to make the viewers uneasy and creates imbalance **Symbolic Codes** -show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. )  **Written Codes** -use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. ) [Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information] **Why is digital piracy a crime?** -Piracy is stealing of one's intellectual property. It is the unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted material for profit. **INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY** -refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce -Intellectual property is protected by law. Republic Act 8293. **WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?** COPYRIGHT PATENT TRADEMARKS INDUSTRIAL DESIGN GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN 1\. **Copyright** a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings. 2\. **Patent** an exclusive right granted for an invention (something that has never been made before, a new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation) 3\. **Trademarks** a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. 4\. **Industrial Design** constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color 5\. **Geographical Indications and Names/ Appellations of Origin** signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the goods. **Fair use** -means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes. These include: Reporting Research Teaching Commentary Criticism Guidelines for Fair Use: Give credit to the copyright holder. Don\'t make money out of the copyrighted work. **PLAGIARISM** **-**the act of using another person\'s words or ideas without giving credit to that person (Merriam Webster). -The practice of taking someone else\'s work or ideas and passing them off as one\'s own. (Oxford Dictionaries). **HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM** Proper Citation Using Endnotes or Footnotes Writing a Bibliography Proper Paraphrasing **ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION NETIQUETTE** -The term netiquette is derived from the word etiquette, which refers to proper decorum and behavior in accordance to society standards. Therefore, netiquette denotes the proper attitude that one should observe when communicating online. Guidelines: ▪Use a subject line. ▪Reply urgently. ▪Review message before sending. ▪Do not send spam mail and chain mail. Guidelines: ▪Ask for permission before sharing someone's information. ▪Do not tamper photos and videos of other individuals. ▪Use public forums and chat rooms to discuss common interests. Guidelines: ▪Introduce yourself to a new contact person. ▪Avoid derogatory remarks on social media. **SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION** Digital divide refers to the economic, educational, and social inequalities experienced by those who cannot afford to have computer and internet access. It can also pertain to the gap on the kind of information which can be accessed, and the available form of communication that is allowed to be distributed. Virtual Self pertains to one's representation in the virtual world, which exists online and is only available once a person is connected to the internet. Examples are avatars and emojis or emoticons. Internet and computer addiction pertains to a person's inability to control his urges in using the internet, may it be for social media, online shopping, pornography, online gaming, or any other related habits, to the point that it affects his daily living and life choices. With the advent of technology, bullying can now be done through the internet. This is known as cyberbullying. In this act, harm is done when the bully tells something derogatory about someone and then posts and shares it using social media