IANA Media Types PDF

IANA Media Types Péter Jeszenszky September 8, 2024 Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 1 / 26 What are Media Types? Media types are used for indicating the format of content transmitted over Internet protocols. Consist...

IANA Media Types Péter Jeszenszky September 8, 2024 Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 1 / 26 What are Media Types? Media types are used for indicating the format of content transmitted over Internet protocols. Consist of a top-level type and a subtype. May have parameters. Example: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 2 / 26 History Originally, media types were introduced for email messaging. Ned Freed, Nathaniel S. Borenstein. RFC 2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types. November 1996. Media types were used as values for the Content-Type MIME header and were called MIME types. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 3 / 26 Usage Standards: HTML HTTP Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) … Applications: Email clients Web browsers Search engines … Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 4 / 26 Registration Procedure IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is the organization responsible for administration of the media types. Website: https://www.iana.org/ Media types can be registered for media formats. The procedure for the specification and registration of media types: Ned Freed, John C. Klensin, Tony Hansen. RFC 6838: Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures. January 2013. All media types: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 5 / 26 Top-level Type and Subtype Names Both top-level type and subtype names are case-insensitive. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 6 / 26 Parameters (1) Parameter names are case-insensitive. Parameters may appear in any order. It is an error for a specific parameter to be specified more than once. There is no defined syntax for parameter values. The names, values, and meanings of any parameters must be fully specified the registration. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 7 / 26 Parameters (2) Parameter examples: Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Type: audio/ogg; codecs=vorbis Content-Type: video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis" Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=AaB03x Content-Type: text/csv; charset=ISO-8859-1; header=present Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 8 / 26 Top-level Types application: Types for discrete data that do not fit under any of the other type names, and particularly for data to be processed by some type of application program. audio font image message, multipart: Composite types; that is, they provide a means of encapsulating zero or more objects, each one a separate media type. model: Electronically exchangeable behavioral or physical representations within a given domain (for example, 3D models). text: Many subtypes of text define a charset parameter. video Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 9 / 26 Subtypes Each subtype is registered into a specific registration tree. The name of the subtype carries information about the tree it belongs to. Subtype names that begin with a tree. prefix belong to that tree. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 10 / 26 Registration Trees Standards tree Vedor tree Personal or vanity tree Uunregistered x. tree Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 11 / 26 Registration Trees (1): Standards Tree Intended for types of general interest to the Internet community. Subtype names in this tree do not contain a prefix. Examples: application/gzip, application/xml, audio/mp4, image/jpeg, multipart/mixed, text/csv, video/ogg Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 12 / 26 Registration Trees (2): Vendor Tree The vendor tree is used for media types associated with publicly available products. Subtype names in this tree begin with the vnd. prefix that may be followed by the name of the vendor and the product. Examples: application/vnd.ms-excel, image/vnd.adobe.photoshop Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 13 / 26 Registration Trees (3): Personal or Vanity Tree Subtype names beginning with the prs. prefix may be used for products that are not distributed commercially or are experimental. Example: audio/prs.sid Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 14 / 26 Example (4): Unregistered x. Tree Subtype names beginning with x. may be used for types intended exclusively for use in private, local environments. Types in this tree cannot be registered and are intended for use only with the active agreement of the parties exchanging them. Use of types in this tree is strongly discouraged, types in the vendor and personal trees should be used instead. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 15 / 26 Structured Syntax Suffix The remaining part of the subtype name after the '+' character (if present). Specifies the underlying structure (for example, JSON or XML) of that media type. Structured syntax suffixes are registered by IANA. The list of currently available suffixes: +ber, +cbor, +cbor-seq, +der, +fastinfoset, +gzip, +json, +json-seq, +jwt, +sqlite3, +tlv, +wbxml, +zip, +zstd, +xml, +yaml See: Structured Syntax Suffix Registry Tony Hansen, Alexey Melnikov. RFC 6839: Additional Media Type Structured Syntax Suffixes. January 2013. Examples of use: application/calendar+json, application/calendar+xml, application/xhtml+xml Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 16 / 26 Registration Requirements Media type registrations can specify how applications should interpret fragment identifiers. Structured syntax suffix registration can specify how applications should interpret fragment identifiers for media media types that use that structured syntax. Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 17 / 26 Notable Media Types (1) application top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information application/gzip GZIP RFC 1952 application/javascript ECMAScript https://262.ecma-international.org/ application/json JSON https://www.json.org/ application/octet-stream Arbitrary binary data application/xhtml+xml XHTML https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the- xhtml-syntax application/xml XML https://www.w3.org/XML/ application/zip ZIP https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/case studies/APPNOTE.TXT Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 18 / 26 Notable Media Types (2) audio top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information audio/flac FLAC (Free https://xiph.org/flac/ Lossless Audio Codec) audio/mp4 MP4 files that ISO/IEC 14496-14:2020 don’t contain video streams audio/ogg Ogg files https://xiph.org/ogg/ predominantly http://xiph.org/vorbis/ containing audio data audio/webm (unregistered) WebM files that https://www.webmproject.org/ don’t contain any video data Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 19 / 26 Notable Media Types (3) font top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information font/ttf TrueType https://developer.apple.com/fonts/TrueType- Reference-Manual/ font/woff WOFF 1.0 https://www.w3.org/TR/WOFF/ font/woff2 WOFF 2.0 https://www.w3.org/TR/WOFF2/ Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 20 / 26 Notable Media Types (4) image top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information image/jpeg ‘ JPEG https://jpeg.org/ image/png PNG https://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/ image/svg+xml SVG https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ image/webp WebP https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/ Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 21 / 26 Notable Media Types (5) message top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information message/http HTTP message RFC 9112 Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 22 / 26 Notable Media Types (6) model top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information model/x3d-vrml X3D https://www.web3d.org/ model/x3d+fastinfoset model/x3d+xml Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 23 / 26 Notable Media Types (7) multipart top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information multipart/byteranges Byte-ranges (as part RFC 9110 of responses for partial HTTP requests) multipart/form-data Form data RFC 7578 Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 24 / 26 Notable Media Types (8) text top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information text/css CSS https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ text/csv CSV RFC 4180 text/html HTML https://html.spec.whatwg.org/ text/markdown Markdown RFC 7763 text/plain Plain text text/xml The same as application/xml Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 25 / 26 Notable Media Types (9) video top-level type: Media Type Format Further Information video/mp4 MP4 files containing ISO/IEC 14496-14:2020 video streams video/ogg Ogg files containing https://xiph.org/ogg/ material that requires a https://www.theora.org/ visual interface video/webm WebM files containing https://www.webmproject.org/ (unregistered) video data Péter Jeszenszky IANA Media Types September 8, 2024 26 / 26