Mech Exam Rev PDF

Legend: Qns with a “#” means sir said it in class Aerodynamics 1. How does increasing the angle of attack affect lift production? #* Ans: Higher AOA = Higher Lift Note: Up till a certain point (critical AOA) where the wing stalls instead 2. What is the primary purpose of flaps on an ai...

Legend: Qns with a “#” means sir said it in class Aerodynamics 1. How does increasing the angle of attack affect lift production? #* Ans: Higher AOA = Higher Lift Note: Up till a certain point (critical AOA) where the wing stalls instead 2. What is the primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft? #* Ans: Increase lift in low airspeed conditions 3. Which type of stability refers to the tendency of an aircraft to return to level flight after a disturbance in roll? #* Ans: Lateral stability Note: this wan is i (bert) draw wan so anything just ask me Legend V = Vertical Axis H = Longitudinal Axis L = Lateral Axis 4. How does the camber of an aircraft wing affect lift production? #* Ans: Higher camber = higher lift Note: High lift coefficient 5. Missing Qns - What does it mean if an aircraft is longitudinally unstable?* Ans: Uncontrollable pitching of aircraft 6. Which maneuver involves rotating an aircraft about its lateral axis? #* Ans: Pitching 7. What are the typical challenges faced by pilots during supersonic flight? # Ans: Shockwave / Wave Drag Note: Form from breaking the sound barrier (flying above mach 1.0) AC Aux Sys 8. Which component of the Environmental Control System is responsible for filtering and conditioning outside air before it enters the aircraft? #* Ans: Air cycle machine 9. What is the primary function of the air cycle machine in an Environmental Control System? # Ans: 1. Conditions the air, 2. Ensure proper flow rate Provide additional cooling through expanding and compressing the air 10. What is the function of an emergency oxygen supply in aircraft survival equipment? #* Ans: Provides supplemental oxygen (breathable air) to passengers and crew 11. What is the recommended method for avoiding hypoxia during high altitude flight? #* Ans: Have a supplemental oxygen supply / cabin pressurisation 12. An aircraft is cruising at 30,000 feet and the cabin temperature is 20°C. What will the ECS do if the temperature increases to 25°C? #* Ans: Increase cooling airflow 13. Which aircraft components are typically protected by bleed air anti-ice systems? #* Ans: Engine Inlet / Nacelle and Wing leading edges 14. What is the potential consequence of a malfunctioning anti-icing system during flight? #* Ans: Icing occurs >> disturbed airflow >> Reduced engine efficiency Incorrect air data from pitot static tubes Loss of lift on wings  Possibility of Foreign Object Debris 15. What is the function of an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)? #* Ans: To send out a distress beacon for rescuers to locate the aircraft in distress 16. Missing Qns - Ans: 17. What advantage do bimetallic fire detectors offer in terms of reliability? #* Ans: entirely mechanical Only triggered by heat Not susceptible to random failure Not susceptible to power failures AC CONSTRUCTION & STRUCTURES 18. What is the primary advantage of using titanium in aircraft construction? #* Ans: titanium has High strength to weight ratio High thermal resistance 19. What is the purpose of a weight and balance record for an aircraft? #* Ans: To ensure that the aircraft’s CG does not veer/move to far from its CL Note: CG = Center of Gravity CL = Center of Lift Note: Stability & controllability 20. How does rigging affect the aircraft's center of gravity (CG)? #* Ans: It ensures that all aircraft components are installed symmetrically so that the CG is on the centerline for stability  Note: Structure rigging affects CG, control rigging doesn't (its about the responsiveness) 21. What is the movement and flight control surface that allows the aircraft to change it's direction (heading)? #* Ans: Yawing ○ Rudder 22. Which type of material is commonly used in aircraft landing gear due to its strength and durability? #* Ans: Titanium alloy, steel alloys, aluminium alloys Note: PDF mentioned only titanium alloys 23. Missing Qns - What does the term “all up weight” refer to? * Ans: Total weight of an aircraft at the start of a flight (Takeoff Weight) /Gross weight AC FUEL SYS 24. How is gravity draining typically accomplished in aircraft fuel systems? #* Ans: Through a drain valve located at the lowest point of the tank allowing the fuel to flow down naturally via gravity (Opening drain valve at lowest point of tank) 25. What is the purpose of the fuel quantity indicator? #* Ans: To indicate remaining fuel level 26. How can water contamination be visually detected in fuel? #* Ans: Look for water layer in fuel sample (A layer of water in the test sample) 27. Missing Qns - How does shut off valve contribute to efficiency of fueling process?* Ans: Prevent overfilling of the fuel tank 28. Missing Qns - What is the advantage of pressurized fuel feed systems?* Ans: Prevent vapor lock Provides more control over the fuel supply Provides a constant pressure which provides a continuous fuel flow in the system Account for attitude changes 29. What indication is provided to the pilot to monitor fuel quantity during flight? #* Ans: Fuel Level Indicator that indicates how much fuel is left in the tanks A/C GTE 30. What material is commonly used for manufacturing the turbine blades in modern gas turbine engines due to high-temperature resistance? #* Ans: Nickel superalloy / titanium alloys 31. Which statement best describes the function of an oil cooler in an aircraft engine lubrication system? #* Ans: Cool down the hot lubricating oil 32. What role does the fuel-cooled oil cooler play in a jet engine's cooling system? #* Ans: cool down hot oil using cool fuel before the fuel is sent for combustion 33. What are the primary components of a gas turbine engine? #* Ans: Inlet Compressor  Combustion chamber Turbine Exhaust 34. Describe the function of the fuel gauge in an aircraft engine fuel system #* Ans: Display remaining fuel in the fuel tank to the pilot 35. Missing Qns - Which stroke of the 4-stroke cycle does the crankshaft reach its top dead center (TDC) position?* Ans: Compression stroke 36. What measures are taken to prevent fuel freezing in aircraft engine fuel systems during cold weather operations? #* Ans: Fuel cooled oil cooler (heated by hot oil) Notes: Pressurisation (prevents vapour formation) AC HYD SYS 37. What is the purpose of hydraulic pressure relief valves in an aircraft hydraulic system? #* Ans: Prevent overpressure in the system from damaging components 38. What is the primary function of an aircraft utility hydraulic system? # Ans: To power utility systems such as ____ using hydraulic power Thrust reversers Slats Flaps The Pink One - 39. What is the purpose of disc brakes in an aircraft braking system? # Ans: Slow down the aircraft Air brakes: in the air Wheel brakes: on the ground 40. What are the primary functions of hydraulic systems in an aircraft? # Ans: To power flight controls, landing gears and brakes 41. Missing Qns - During maintenance what should be done if hydraulic fluid is found below the recommended level? Ans: Check all components in the hyd system for leaks, top-up if none found or remedied 42. How often should hydraulic fluid levels be during routine maintenance? #* Ans: Refer to maintenance manual 43. Missing Qns - In the air system what does the flight control feel like?* Ans: Independent (Rods & Pulleys) Full feel of flight controls Booster (Hydraulic Assisted) Reduced feel of flight controls Power No feel of flight controls unless a artificial feedback system is installed  AC LDG SYS 44. What type of wheel construction is commonly used in high-performance aircraft for its strength and lightweight? #* Ans: dual hub construction 45. What could be a potential consequence of brake system failure during landing? # Ans: runway overrun, lost of control Note: there are many answers, anything u can think of that relates to a runaway vehicle applies. 46.What documentation is typically updated after completing landing gear maintenance procedures? #* (this one very easy to get wrong) Ans: SAF 1400-6 (Change of Serviceability and Repair Log) Note: 47. What is the purpose of the shock strut in a landing gear system? # Ans: To fully support the weight of the aircraft on ground and absorb the landing forces 48. Missing Qns - What is the primary advantage of tubeless vs tubed tire?* Ans: improved puncture resistance 49. Missing Qns - How does landing gear shock strut cushion the impact of landing Ans: By using compressed air and hydraulic fluid flowing through the restricted area 50. Which type of landing gear strut is commonly used in modern aircraft? #* Ans: Oleo strut Missing Qns? What does the term “all up weight” refer to? Ans: Total weight of aircraft during ground operations or when in the air What does it mean if an aircraft is longitudinally unstable? Ans: Uncontrollable pitching of aircraft In the air system, what does the flight control feel like? (4:10) - hyd sys Ans: Independent (Rods & Pulleys) Full feel of flight controls Booster (Hydraulically Assisted) Reduced feel of flight controls Power (Hydraulically Powered) No feel of flight controls unless a artificial feedback system is installed During hydraulic maintenance, what should be done if the hydraulic fluid is below the recommended level? (4:20) - hyd sys Ans: Check all components in the hyd system for leaks, top-up if none found or remedied What is the primary advantage of tubeless tires compared to tires with inner tube? (11:27) Ans: Tubeless are more puncture resistant Note: Inner tube can be punctured and blow-out because of the two chambers. A tubeless does not because it itself is the chamber. How does the landing gear shock strut cushion the impact of landing? Ans: By Compressed Air and hydraulic fluid flowing through the restricted area How does the refuelling shut-off valve contribute to the efficiency of the refueling process? (unclear) (15:11) Ans: Prevents overfilling of the fuel tank / Indicate tank is full What is the advantage of pressurized fuel feed systems (15:14) Ans: Prevent vapor lock Provides more control over the fuel supply Provides a constant pressure which provides a continuous fuel flow in the system Account for attitude changes What is the purpose of CO2 cartridges in aircraft life rafts? Ans: It is used to rapidly inflate the life raft when deployed Note: Cartridges are attached on the life raft itself How is liquid oxygen converted to breathable oxygen? Ans: Via evaporation within a spiraling tube (Buildup Coil) What is the primary difference between LOX and OBOGS Ans: LOX is of limited supply, OBOGS is able to generate oxygen locally Note: That’s why its called ON-BOARD Oxygen Generation System (OBOGS) __________________________________________________ EXTRA QUESTIONS How does ice accumulation on aircraft instruments affect their performance? (Pitot static kena block) ANS: Incorrect reading (Airspeed) How do smoke detectors typically detect smoke in the cabin? ANS: Detects change in air particles How does a fire detection system typically detect fire on an aircraft? ANS: by installing temperature sensor probe at the engine to monitor temperature. / when temperature increases drastically What is the source of power for most aircraft windshield defogger systems? Solar energy Electrical power (correct ans) Pneumatic actuators Hydraulic pressure