MEC232 Human & Equipment Safety PDF
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Uploaded by UnrestrictedPenguin3919
Galala University
Ehab Abousaif
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Summary
This document explains human and equipment safety concepts. It outlines course aims, grade distribution, and the concept of occupational and health safety. The document also covers the roles of safety and health managers, discusses hazards, and explores government agencies and professional societies related to occupational safety and health. It also covers various case studies and concludes with resources and professional societies.
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MEC232 Human & Equipment Safety Ehab Abousaif, PhD Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering – Faculty of Engineering Topic 1 Course aims Define human factor analysis, Recognize equipment safety and occupational safety, Design the workplace...
MEC232 Human & Equipment Safety Ehab Abousaif, PhD Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering – Faculty of Engineering Topic 1 Course aims Define human factor analysis, Recognize equipment safety and occupational safety, Design the workplace so that they fit the people who use them, Define the term of Ergonomics, Describe the materials handling and safety culture, Recall Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible limits, analyze the risk assessment, hazard identification, and risk estimation, and Diagnose accident prevention and Risk control. 2 Grade Distribution Assessment Measures Weight Course Grading Quizzes 20% Research project 10% Mid-term Exam 30% Final Exam 40% Total 100% T H E F U T U R E S T A R T S H E R E Concept of Occupational & Health Safety Who is responsible for the health and safety? Everyone is entitled to work in an environment where risks to their health and safety are properly controlled. The Safety and Health Manager Everyone wants a safe and healthful workplace, but what each person is willing to do to achieve this worthwhile objective can vary greatly. As a result, the management of each firm must decide at what level along a broad spectrum, the safety and health effort will be aimed. The worker's behavior is the most important determinant for his/her safety, but behavior alone can not make a dangerous job safe. One person, usually designated as safety director or industrial hygienist, sets the tone of the safety and health program within a firm. (by posting motivational signs & complying statistics) The year 1970 changed the history of worker safety and health in general and the safety manager’s role in particular. The landmark change that year was the pasage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act that created the federal Occupational Safety and Health Adminstratioin (OSHA). The field of occupational health has probably benefited even more from OSHA than has the field of occupational safety. OSHA designate the new job title of safety & health manager. The term manager envisions the enlarged scope of responsibility, which includes analysis of hazarads, compliance with standards, and capital investment planning, in addition to the conventional functions. Information technology has made this task easier, and today’s safety and health manager can take advantage of the full test of OSHA standards on the Internet by accessing the OSHA website. Until the safety and health manager learns what hazarads a particular standard is intended to prevent, he/she will have a difficult time persuading either management or employees that a given situation needs correction. A Reasonable Objective Any safety & health manager who feels that elimination of workplace hazards is an indisputable goal is naïve. In the real world, we must choose among the following: Ø Hazards that are physically infeasible to correct. Ø Hazards that are physically feasible, but are economically infeasible to correct. Ø Hazards that are both physically and economically feasible to correct. Hazards that are physically infeasible to correct. The airplane that took off from LaGuardia airport on January 15, 2009. During take-off, both engines were disabled by what is thought to have been birds entering the engine. This hazarad is currently impossible to eliminate because of the current mechanics of jet engines. However, millions of people fly every year, taking the risk. i.e. exposure of radiation during x-ray procedures. Although precuations are taken, it is impossible to completely eliminate exposure to undesired radiation (e.g.carrefour entrance) Hazards that are physicallly feasible, but are economically infeasible to correct. Consider crosswalks on a university campus. There is always the chance that someone will be struck by an automobile while in the crosswalk. The hazarad can be eliminated through constuction of elevated walkways, gates or other mechanisms. However, owing to the cost, inconvenience, and low probability of accident, these measures are reserved for the busiest of crosswalks. G A L A L A U N I V E R S I T Y THE FUTURE STARTS HERE Hazarads that are both physically and economically feasible to correct. Technology has led to safety innovation in the auto industry, such as air bags and antilock brake, which are considered indispensable and included on every automobile. In reality, every hazarad must fall into one of these categories. It is unrealistic and naïve strategy to attempt to eliminate all hazards. To see that consider the following case study. T H E F U T U R E S T A R T S H E R E G A L A L A U N I V E R S I T Y THE FUTURE STARTS HERE Some managers would accept that the safety and health rationale as all they need to begin action to correct the problems listed in the case study. But this would be a naïve response. More data are needed to decide what to do. While busying the plant maintenance department to correct the foregoing three problems (which may or may not be consequential), a serious electrocution or respiratory hazard may be going unchecked or may even unnoticed. Overreaction may also be deteriorating S&H manager’s credibility. The goal of this course, then is to assist the safety and health manager in: (1) detecting hazards and (2) deciding which ones are worth correcting Safety Versus It is essential that today’s safety and health Health manager give sufficient attention not only to safety hazards, but also to heath hazards. There is no question that machine guarding is a safety consideration, and that airborne asbestos is a health hazards. But some hazards- such as those associated with paint spray areas and welding operations- are not so easy to classify. An acute effect is a sudden (short term) reaction to a severe condition; a chronic effect is a long-term Safety deals deterioration due to prolonged exposure to a milder with the acute adverse condition. (industrial noise, chemical exposure) effects of Industrial hygienists, those who concentrate on hazards, health hazards, are known by their sophisticated whereas instruments and scientific expertise. health deals with the Safety specialist, instead of being an expert with chronic effects precise scientific instruments, usually has more industrial process experience and practical job of hazards. knowledge. Safety Versus Health There are probably more occupational health fatalities than safety, but the statistics will not reflect this difference because health fatalities are delayed and often are never diagnosed. Another problem with identifying health hazards is that the signs of occupational illness are often identical to common symptoms arising from normally occurring illnesses encountered off the job. For instance, a common cold causes respiratory congestion, headaches, and perhaps fever. These same symptoms could also be the result of dangerous exposure to a toxic chemical or other occupational hazard. The industrial hygienist is tasked with sorting out these symptoms and identifying occupational hazards to be controlled. Role in The Corporate structure One role of the safety and health manager is as a liaison with government agencies, a condition brought about by the arrival of OSHA. A related field is consumer product safety. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is a federal agency whose enabling legislation is obviously patterned after OSHA’s. The laws of the two are remarkably similar. CPSC concentrates on the responsibility of the manufacturers of products, whereas OSHA concentrates on the responsibility of the employer. A CASE STUDY In 1984, in a shocking disaster in Bhopal, India, at least 2,500 civilians were killed in a single industrial accidental release of deadly methyl isocyanate gas. This incident had an impact on public policy in the US. Because of its close relationship to worker safety and health, the responsibility for compliance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements is often made a part of the duties of the safety and health manager. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, an increased awareness of global warming raised public consciousness of threats to the environmental in general. Progressive legislation manadating “green engineering” was aimed at reducing the use of carbon fuels and their contribution to the global warming problem. Competence in these areas is proving to be a point of differentiation and competitive advantage for companies excelling in environmental protection. Resources at Hand Safety professionals should apply to: Board of Certified Safety Professionals of America, www.bcsp.org Health professionals should apply to : American Board of Industrial Hygiene, www.abih.org CSP for Certified Safety Profesional and CIH for Certified Industrial Hygienist. Professional Societies Two professional societies are foremost in the career field of occupational safety and health: ○ American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), www.asse.org ○ American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), www.aiha.org Systems Safety Safety was considered something that could be achieved by being careful, but it did not require the kind of life-cycle planning and design that other aspects of the production process required. In mid-1950s, a movement began in the aerospace industry in California to consider safety as a system to be planned for and considered in every step of the process. System safety is considered essential in fields where an accident can be catasprophic, such as airlines, aerospace, and hospitals. Systme safety Society, www.system-safety.org Standards Institutes The age of OSHA enforcement has brought increased recognistion of the national standards-producting organizations. The following are the most prominet among these organizations: ○ American National Standards Institute (ANSI), www.ansi.org ○ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), www.ngpa.org ○ American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), www.asme.org ○ American Society for Testing and Materials, (ASTM) www.astm.org Government Agencies The national institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has a wealth of research data on the hazards of specific materials and processes. NIOSH uses these data to write criteria for recommended new standards. www.niosh.gov OSHA itself is of value to be the safety and health manger seeking information. Thank You gu.edu.eg