MCQS FOR OBS.txt

opic: Miscarriage 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of miscarriage? a. Complete miscarriage b. Incomplete miscarriage c. Threatened miscarriage d. Delayed miscarriage Answer: d. Delayed miscarriage Explanation: The types of miscarriage mentioned in the document are complete, incomplete, threa...

opic: Miscarriage 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of miscarriage? a. Complete miscarriage b. Incomplete miscarriage c. Threatened miscarriage d. Delayed miscarriage Answer: d. Delayed miscarriage Explanation: The types of miscarriage mentioned in the document are complete, incomplete, threatened, septic, inevitable, missed, and recurrent. There is no mention of "delayed miscarriage" as a type. 2. In the management of incomplete miscarriage, which of the following is NOT a recommended option? a. Expectant management b. Medical management c. Surgical management d. Radiological intervention Answer: d. Radiological intervention Explanation: The document outlines expectant, medical, and surgical management as options for incomplete miscarriage. Radiological intervention is not mentioned as a management option. 3. What is the first investigation to perform when suspecting a miscarriage? a. Blood grouping and Rh status b. CBC for Hb c. βhCG levels d. Urine analysis Answer: c. βhCG levels Explanation: The general approach for diagnosing any miscarriage includes carrying out investigations such as βhCG levels to confirm pregnancy and assess viability. Gynecology Topic: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) 4. Which of the following is NOT a common feature of PCOS? a. Hyperandrogenism b. Ovulatory dysfunction c. Polycystic ovaries d. Hypothyroidism Answer: d. Hypothyroidism Explanation: The common features of PCOS include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Hypothyroidism is not typically associated with PCOS. Topic: Contraception 5. Which contraceptive method is considered permanent? a. Intrauterine device (IUD) b. Oral contraceptive pills c. Vasectomy d. Depo-Provera injection Answer: c. Vasectomy Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent method of contraception, while IUDs, oral contraceptive pills, and Depo-Provera injections are reversible methods. Medical Disorders in Pregnancy Topic: Hypertensive Disorders 6. Which medication is contraindicated in the management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy due to the risk of fetal renal agenesis? a. Thiazide diuretics b. ACE inhibitors c. Calcium channel blockers d. Methyldopa Answer: b. ACE inhibitors Explanation: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy because they can cause fetal renal agenesis. Thiazide diuretics, while not ideal, are less dangerous, and calcium channel blockers and methyldopa are safer alternatives. Obstetric Emergencies Topic: Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) 7. Which of the following is NOT a cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage? a. Atonia b. Trauma c. Tissue retention d. Infections Answer: d. Infections Explanation: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is typically caused by atonia, trauma, tissue retention, and thrombin issues. Infections are more commonly associated with secondary PPH. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Topic: Ectopic Pregnancy 8. Which of the following is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy? a. Ovary b. Cervix c. Fallopian tube d. Abdominal cavity Answer: c. Fallopian tube Explanation: The majority of ectopic pregnancies (approximately 95%) occur in the fallopian tube. The other locations are much less common. Topic: Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy 9. Which hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation? a. Chronic hypertension b. Gestational hypertension c. Preeclampsia d. Eclampsia Answer: c. Preeclampsia Explanation: Preeclampsia is defined by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. Eclampsia includes the presence of seizures in addition to the criteria for preeclampsia. Gynecology Topic: Endometriosis 10. What is the first-line treatment for mild to moderate endometriosis-associated pain? a. GnRH agonists b. Oral contraceptive pills c. Hysterectomy d. Danazol Answer: b. Oral contraceptive pills Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills are often used as a first-line treatment for managing mild to moderate pain associated with endometriosis due to their ability to suppress ovulation and menstruation. Topic: Uterine Fibroids 11. Which symptom is NOT typically associated with uterine fibroids? a. Heavy menstrual bleeding b. Pelvic pain c. Urinary frequency d. Hirsutism Answer: d. Hirsutism Explanation: Hirsutism is not a symptom of uterine fibroids. Common symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and urinary frequency due to the mass effect of the fibroids. Medical Disorders in Pregnancy Topic: Diabetes in Pregnancy 12. Which test is commonly used for the screening of gestational diabetes? a. Fasting blood glucose b. Hemoglobin A1c c. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) d. Random blood glucose Answer: c. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Explanation: The OGTT is the standard screening test for gestational diabetes, typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Obstetric Emergencies Topic: Shoulder Dystocia 13. Which maneuver is NOT typically used to manage shoulder dystocia? a. McRoberts maneuver b. Suprapubic pressure c. Fundal pressure d. Woods screw maneuver Answer: c. Fundal pressure Explanation: Fundal pressure is not recommended and can worsen shoulder dystocia. The McRoberts maneuver, suprapubic pressure, and the Woods screw maneuver are techniques used to relieve shoulder dystocia. Gynecology Topic: Ovarian Cancer 14. Which of the following is a common tumor marker used in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer? a. CA-125 b. PSA c. AFP d. CEA Answer: a. CA-125 Explanation: CA-125 is a tumor marker that is often elevated in ovarian cancer and is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Topic: Cervical Cancer 15. What is the primary screening test for cervical cancer? a. Mammography b. Pap smear c. Colposcopy d. HPV DNA test Answer: b. Pap smear Explanation: The Pap smear (or Pap test) is the primary screening tool for cervical cancer. It detects precancerous and cancerous cells in the cervix. ------------------------------------ Obstetrics Topic: Antepartum Hemorrhage 16. Which of the following conditions is a common cause of antepartum hemorrhage? a. Ectopic pregnancy b. Placenta previa c. Uterine rupture d. Amniotic fluid embolism Answer: b. Placenta previa Explanation: Antepartum hemorrhage is commonly caused by placenta previa and placental abruption. Ectopic pregnancy is an early pregnancy complication, and uterine rupture and amniotic fluid embolism are less common causes. Topic: Preterm Labor 17. Which medication is commonly used to accelerate fetal lung maturity in preterm labor? a. Magnesium sulfate b. Terbutaline c. Betamethasone d. Nifedipine Answer: c. Betamethasone Explanation: Betamethasone is a corticosteroid used to accelerate fetal lung maturity in cases of threatened preterm labor, typically administered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Gynecology Topic: Dysmenorrhea 18. What is the first-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea? a. Oral contraceptive pills b. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) c. GnRH agonists d. Hysterectomy Answer: b. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Explanation: NSAIDs are the first-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea as they help reduce the production of prostaglandins, which cause uterine contractions and pain. Topic: Menopause 19. Which symptom is commonly associated with menopause? a. Heavy menstrual bleeding b. Hot flashes c. Dysmenorrhea d. Hirsutism Answer: b. Hot flashes Explanation: Hot flashes are a common symptom of menopause due to hormonal changes. Heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea are more common in reproductive-age women, and hirsutism is associated with conditions like PCOS. Medical Disorders in Pregnancy Topic: Thyroid Disorders 20. Which thyroid disorder is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland during pregnancy? a. Hypothyroidism b. Hyperthyroidism c. Thyroiditis d. Euthyroid sick syndrome Answer: b. Hyperthyroidism Explanation: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which can have significant implications for both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Obstetric Emergencies Topic: Amniotic Fluid Embolism 21. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of amniotic fluid embolism? a. Sudden respiratory distress b. Hypotension c. Coagulopathy d. Persistent fetal bradycardia Answer: d. Persistent fetal bradycardia Explanation: Amniotic fluid embolism typically presents with sudden respiratory distress, hypotension, and coagulopathy. Persistent fetal bradycardia is not a direct symptom of this condition. Gynecology Topic: Vulvar Cancer 22. Which risk factor is commonly associated with vulvar cancer? a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection b. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) c. Endometriosis d. Hormone replacement therapy Answer: a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Explanation: HPV infection is a significant risk factor for vulvar cancer, along with other genital cancers. Topic: Endometrial Cancer 23. Which of the following is a common symptom of endometrial cancer? a. Postmenopausal bleeding b. Dysuria c. Pelvic pain d. Dyspareunia Answer: a. Postmenopausal bleeding Explanation: Postmenopausal bleeding is a common symptom of endometrial cancer and warrants further investigation.