MCAT Biochemistry PDF Summary
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Summary
This document provides a summary of the general principles of proteins, including their primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and the forces driving these structures.
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## General Principles of Proteins * **Primary structure** * Sequence of amino acids encoded by DNA and linked to each other through covalent bonds (including disulfide bonds) * **Secondary structure** * Orderly inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the protein chain * Usually org...
## General Principles of Proteins * **Primary structure** * Sequence of amino acids encoded by DNA and linked to each other through covalent bonds (including disulfide bonds) * **Secondary structure** * Orderly inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the protein chain * Usually organized in a stable alpha helix * **Tertiary structure** * Three-dimensional folding of the secondary protein structure * Determined by interactions between amino acid R groups (side chains) * Hydrophobic interactions: Non-polar regions of molecule face inward * Hydrogen bonds: Polar regions of molecule face outward * Ionic interactions: Charged amino acid R groups interact * Disulfide bridges: Covalent bonds between cysteine amino acids _Dee Negative, Hicker Positive, D(-) E(-) H(+) K(+) R(+)_ **Primary structure** _amino acid sequence_ **Secondary structure** _regular cub struct_
