MBRU-MD6Yr Entrance Exam Guide AY25-26 PDF

1. Characteristics of Life and Organization 1.1 Characteristics of Living Organisms a. Define the following the characteristics of life: i. Cellular organization ii. Growth and Development iii. Metabolism iv. Homeostasis v. Response to stimuli vi. Adaptation vii. Reprod...

1. Characteristics of Life and Organization 1.1 Characteristics of Living Organisms a. Define the following the characteristics of life: i. Cellular organization ii. Growth and Development iii. Metabolism iv. Homeostasis v. Response to stimuli vi. Adaptation vii. Reproduction b. Briefly explain how the characteristics of life are successfully performed by specific functions of the systems in the body (i.e., Movement, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion) 1.2 Levels of Structural Organization a. Describe the organization of the human body by listing the structural levels of increasing complexity (i.e., from atom to organ systems, the organs constituting them and their main physiological functions especially in human beings) b. Differentiate between the four main types of tissue according to structure and function 2. Cell: The unit of life – Structure and Function a. Describe the structural differences between i) prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and ii) plant and human cells b. Describe the structural and functional organization of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells c. Identify the organelles present in eukaryotic cells and describe their structure and function d. List examples of the three main cytoskeletal elements (i.e., microtubule, intermediate filament; microfilament) e. Delineate the various stages of mitosis and meiosis and their physiological significance f. Describe the structure and function of key biomolecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids g. Describe the types, properties, and mechanism of action of enzymes h. Define active and passive transport and state their physiological relevance in cellular homeostasis 3. Overview of Human Physiology a. Provide a fundamental overview of the structure and function of the following: i. Digestive system organs, digestion, and absorption ii. Respiratory system organs, breathing and exchange and transport of gases iii. Circulatory system blood, lymph, double circulation, regulation of cardiac activity; hypertension, coronary artery diseases iv. Excretory system urine formation, regulation of renal function v. Musculoskeletal system skeletal system, joints, muscles, types of movement vi. Nervous system central and peripheral nervous systems, structure and function of neuron, reflex action, and sensory reception vii. Endocrine system - various types of endocrine glands; mechanism of hormone action 4. Genetics and Molecular Biology a. Describe the mechanism of Mendelian inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Gene interaction b. Define with relevant exemplars: Incomplete dominance; Co dominance; Complementary genes; Multiple alleles c. Describe transfer of genetic information and its regulation d. Apply principles of human molecular genetics in medicine, including genetic engineering and molecular diagnostics 5