MAPEH 8 3rd Quarterly Exam Reviewer PDF

SUPREME SECONDARY LEARNER GOVERNMENT ’24 - ‘25 Bartolome Sangalang National High School 3RD QUARTERLY EXAM REVIEWER MAPEH 8 MUSIC : SOUTH, CENTRAL AND WEST ASIAN MUSIC MUSIC OF INDIA -Is the biggest country in South Asia. Its music is a vast a...

SUPREME SECONDARY LEARNER GOVERNMENT ’24 - ‘25 Bartolome Sangalang National High School 3RD QUARTERLY EXAM REVIEWER MAPEH 8 MUSIC : SOUTH, CENTRAL AND WEST ASIAN MUSIC MUSIC OF INDIA -Is the biggest country in South Asia. Its music is a vast as its geographic location and as large as its demographic population. The music of India reflects different aspects of Asian Culture through its timbre, rhythm, melody, texture, form and style. VOCAL MUSIC -one aspect of vocal music uses melismatic singing with nasal vocal quality, as compared to the Philippine music which uses melismatic singing only in chanting epics and the pasyon. CHARACTERISTIC OF TRADITIONAL MUSIC FROM INDIA 1. CARNATIC MUSIC -directed to a Hindu God, which is why it is called "Temple music" -Music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with lyrics or compositions called "krti" and devotional music. 2. HINDUSTRANI MUSIC -predominantly found in the Northern and Central regions -Nasal singing is observed in their vocal music -Most common style of singing is called "khyai" a word whcih means imagination. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT FROM INDIA GHAN - described as a non-membranous percussive instrument but with solid resonators. 1. GHATAM - large narrow-mouthed earthenware waterpot used as a percussion instrument in India. 2. KHARTAL OR KARTAL - is a percussion instrument of India. It is used in devotional folksong. It has derived its name from Sanskirt words "kara" meaning hand and "tala" meaning clapping.  3. MANJIRA - is a pair of clash cymbals, originating in Indian subscontinent which make high-pitched percussion sounds. It is a pair of small hand cymbals. 4. NOUT - small pot used in kashmir as a percussion instrument. AVANADDH - descirbes as a membranous percussive instrument. 1. DAF - a large Kurdish and Persian frame drum used in popular and classical music. It is used in religous ceremonies. 2. DHOL - as one of the chief percussion instrument for ancient Indian music along with table. 3. TABLA - is a membranophone percussion instrument originating from India. Consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music. SUSHIR - also known as blown air 1. SHANK - it is the shell of the large predatory sea snail, used as a trumpet in Hindu ritual. 2. BANSURI - a side blowing flute originating in India. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo for classical music. 3. SHEHNAI - it is made of wood, except for a flaring metal bell attached to the bottom of the instrumental. 4. SHRUTI BOX - it is similar to a harmonium and is used to provide a tone in a practice session TAT or concert. - reffered to as vina during the old civilization 1. SITAR - is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in hindustanio classical music. 2. GUTOVADYAM - string fretless flute-style. 3. EKTAR - the single string is plucked openly with one finger or a plectrum. 4. GOPICHAND - like the ektara, is one string instruments used in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. 5. RABAB - is the most popular string instrument along with the rudra veena till the eighteenth century. VITAT - described as bowed stringed instruement. 1. BANAM - a type of lute with a partially open body that is covered with skin on the lower part. 2. ESRAJ - is an Indian stringed instrument found in two forms throughout the Indian subcontinent. It is a relatively recent instrument, being only about 300 years old. It is found in North India. 3. CHIKARA - is a bowed stringed musical instrument from India, used to play Indian Folk Music. It is used by the tribal people of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. 4. SARANGI - is a bowed stringed instrument with a skin covered resonator. The typical sarangi is made by hand, usually from a single block of wood. VOCAL MUSIC OF PAKISTAN  1. GHAZAL - are traditional expressions of love, separation, and loneliness. - Can be sung by both men and women. A music that strengthens the importance of musical instrument in Pakistan called "Hora". INSTRUEMNT OF PAKISTAN 2. QAWWALI - a devotional music of the Christi Order 1. TABLA - is a membranophone percussion instrument originating from India. Consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music. 2. DHOLAK - is a two-headed hand drum, a folk percussion instrument. The drum has two different sized drumheads. The smaller drumhead is made of goat skin for sharp notes while the bigger drumhead is made of buffalo skin for low pitch. The two drumheads allow a combination of bass and treble with rhythmic high and low pitches. The body or shell of the Dholak is made of Sheesham or mango wood. 3. RUBAB - is one of the national musical instruments of Afghanistan. The instrument is plucked and is distincly different in construction. 4. HARMONIUM - also called a "melodeon", "read organ", or "pump organ" is a keyboard instrument that is a lot like an organ. It makes sound by blowing air through reeds, which are turneed to different pitches to make musical notes. VOCAL MUSIC OF ISRAEL AND ARABIA A. ISRAELI MUSIC - they sing with guttoral and throaty enunciation 2 DIVISIONS OF JEWISH MUSIC 1. DEVOTIONAL - almost entirely vocal. Featured during Sabbath and other holy days 2. SECULAR - instrument and voice are used. Played during life B. ARABIC MUSIC - is distincly unique to Arabian music because of its technique passage events of improvisation. It is a system of melodic modes used in traditional Arab Music. RHYTHMIC UNITS OF ARABIAN MUSIC 1. WAZN - means "measure" performed on the goblet drum, frame drum and kettle drum 2. IQA - the rhythmic pattern in Arabian Music INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF ISRAEL  1. JEWISH LYRE - having broad arms of a piece with the boxlike neck and kinnor was translated as "kithara" in both Greek old testament and the Latin bible. 2. PSALTERION HARP - musical instruments having plucked strings of gut, horsehair or metal stretched across a flat sound board. 3. SHOFAR - an ancient hebrew's musical instrument made from the horn of ram. OTHER SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ARAB COUNTRIES 1. GOBLET OR DARBUKA - is a hourglass shaped drum popular throughout the middle east. The drum head or skin is stretched tight with rope or leather thongs or even nails. 2. TOFT - a big hand frame drum, which is known as Duff in Arabic Language. OTHER SIGNIFICANT MIDDLE EASTERN INSTRUMENT 1. OUD - is a short neck lute type, pear-shaped stringed instrument. 2. DARBUKA - drums appear to be a more modern variation of the doumbek, made from metals like copper or aluminum. ARTS : SOUTH, CENTRAL AND WEST ASIAN ARTS LESSON 1 : PERIODS OF INDIAN ARTS 1. ANCIENT PERIOD - the Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India are 30 rock-cut cave monuments that date back from the 2nd century BCE to the 600 CE. 2. CLASSICAL PERIOD - Shiva the destroyer, represented by a four armed figure. 1st arm - holds the fire with which he destroys 2nd arm - holds a drum, which is the first sound heard in the world during creation 3rd arm - points up in a reassuring gesture 4th arm - points down to the dwarf in which he dances to 3. MOGUL PERIOD - Taj Mahal was built in 1632 by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife (Mumtaz Mahal) who died during childbirth. DIWALI - celebrated by Hindus in India and all around the world in October or November, it is the Hindu New Year and is either 3-5 days holiday depending on where you come from. LAKSHMI - Hindu Goddess of wealth DIYAS - special Diwali clay lamps DIWALI/FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS - other term for Hindu New Year LESSON 2 : RANGOLI RANGOLI - meaning color and aavali meaning colored creepers or row of colors. Rangoli designs include geometric patterns, the swastika, lotus, trident, fish, conch, creepers, leaves, trees, flowers, animals, etc 4. TRANSITIONAL PERIOD / ISLAMIC ASCENDANCY - this was the period of evolution from Vedism into Hinduism or Bhamanism. The two great Indian epics emerged in this period, 1. MAHABHARATA 2. RAMAYANA LESSON 3 : PAKISTAN Pakistani architecture is devided into four recognized periods: 1. Pre-islamic 2. Islamic 3. Colonial 4. Post-colonial PRE-ISLAMIC A. Mohenjo Daro B. Kot Diji C. Harappa D. Truck art of Pakistan LESSON 4 : UZBEKISTAN, KASAKHSTAN AND TAJIKISTAN UZBEKISTAN - known for making printed cloth, table cloth, curtains, bed spread and shawls. KASAKHSTAN - Petroglyph. Also called rock engravings are pictogram and logogram images TAJIKISTAN - have making fabrics, utensils, carpets, furniture, musical instruments, jewelry and many other things for many century. LESSON 5 : TURKMENISTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN The traditional arts include felt manufacture, jewelry making, woodwork, ceramics and silverwork. TURKMENISTAN - produced most unique and beautiful carpets KETENI - a homespun silk that is used for beautiful dresses worn by turkmen women on special occasions TUSH KYIZ - large elaborately embroidered wall hangings KYRGYZSTAN SHIRDAKS - hand-made carpets or rugs made by Kyrgyz women Handmade sculpture is an example of West Asia CENTRAL ASIA'S 5 INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES -Uzbekistan -Kazakhstan -Tajikistan -Turkmenistan -Kyrgyzstan PE (PHYSICAL EDUCATION) : CHESS AND SCRABBLE CHESS - is a board game for two players, each beginning with 16 pieces of 6 kinds that are moved accordingly to individual rules, with the objective of checkmating the opposing king. BRIEF HISTORY OF CHESS -Most historians agree that the game of chess was first played in Northern India during the Gupta empire in the 6th century AD -This early type of chess was known as Chaturanga, a Sanskirt word for the military -The gupta chess pieces were divided like their military into the infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots -In time, these pieces become the pawn, knight, bishop and rook -The english words chess and check both come from the Persian word shah meaning king -The earliest written evidence of chess is found in three romances written in Sassanid Persia around 600 AD -The game was known as Chatrang or Shatranj -When Persia was taken over by Muslim (633-644) the game was spread to all parts of the Muslim world. -In the 13th century a Spanish manuscript called Libro de los juegos describes the games of shatranj (chess), backgamman and dice -The game changed greatly between about 1470 to 1495 -The rules of the older game were changed int eh west so that some of the pieces (queen,bishop) had more scope developement of the pieces was faster, and the game more exciting -The new game formed the basis of modern international chess -Historians of chess consider this as the most important change since the game was invented 10 BENEFITS OF PLAYING CHESS -Brings people together -Teaches you how to win and lose -Helps children -It can help you focus -Serve as an educational tool -Develops one's creativity -Builds confidence - develops problem-solving skillsUP SET -Excercises WHITE AND the brain BLACK - 16 PIECES -HelpsWHITE EACH you being ANDcalm BLACK SQUARES - 8 EACH CHESS PIECES PAWN - 8 PIECES ROOK - 2 PIECES KING - 1 PIECE QUEEN - 1 PIECE BISHOP - 2 PIECES KNIGHT - 2 PIECES PLACES _PAWN__ ROOK-KNIGHT-BISHOP-KING-QUEEN-BISHOP- KNIGHT-ROOK ROOK - the rook may move forward, backward, and to the sides BISHOP - it can move as far as it want, but only diagonally. Each bishop starts on one square color (light or dark) and must akways stay in that color KNIGHT - the knight moves by going two squares in one direction, and the one more move just like an "L" shape. It's only piece that can move over other pieces PAWN - pawn moves forward but captures diagonally. It can never move backwards. On its first move, the pawn can advance two squares at a time QUEEN - the queen is the most powerful piece. It moves in any one straight direction - forward, backward, sideways or diagonal KING - the king is the most important chess piece ; however, it is also considered one of the weakest CASTLING - a move of a king and/or either a rook of the same color along the player's first raw. Squares over to one side and then move the rook from that side's corner on the square next to the king. CHECK - the result of a move that places the opposing king under an immediate threat of capture by one or sometimes two of the opponents' pieces. CHECKMATE - a situation in which one player's king is threatened with capture (in check) having no move to avoid that threat, thus, ending the game. DRAW - a chess game where no body ends a winner EN PASSANT - a special pawn capture which can occur immediately after a player moves a pawn two square forward from its starting position and an enemy pawn could have captured it had it moved only one square forward. PROMOTION - special ability of a pawn wherein if it reaches the last row of the other side of the board, it can become any other chess piece except the king TOUCH AND MOVE LAW - if players wish to adjust a piece on the board, they must say "J'adoube" (I adjust) or the equivalent. Apart from that, if a piece is touched it must be moved if possible CHESS CLOCKS - competitive games of chess must be played with special chess clocks which time a player only when it is his/her turn to move. The essence is that a player has to move a certain number of moves in a certain total time. SCRABBLE - Is a word game in which 2 to 4 players score points by forming words from individual lettered tiles on a game board marked by 15 by 15 grid. TILES - game equipment consisting a flat thin piece marked with characters and used in board games like Mahjong and Scrabble -Recognized as an excellent means for increasing vocabulary and word power -Helps improve analytical skills and sharpens mathematical ability -The ability will develop more if you directly engage in the game with your family and friends 10 BENEFITS IN PLAYING SCRABBLE 1. Teaches you vocabulary 2. Helps develop your intellectual abilities 3. Teaches you strategy 4. Encourages social cooperation and bonding 5. Helps improve your emotional well-being and personal confidence 6. Improves creativity 7. Develops concentration 8. Fosters learning through creative play 9. Helps boosts the immune system 10. Scrabble makes you happy HISTORY - Originally called criss cross, the game, which was based on the crossword puzzle and anagrams, was developed by Alfred M. Butts, an architect, in 1931. - It was redesigned, renamed as scrabble, and marketed by James Brunot in 1948 - It was first sold in Great Britain in 1954 SET UP Place all letter tiles in the pouch, or facedown beside the board, and mix them up. Draw for the first play. The player with the letter closest to "A" plays first. A blank tile beats any letter. Return the letters to the pool and remix All players draw seven new letters each and place them in their racks GAMEPLAY The first player combines two or more of his or her letters to form a word and places the word on the board to read either across or down with one letter on the center "star" square. This square has a double word score. Any word that is found in the standard english dictionary can be used. WORDS THAT ARE NOT ALLOWED -Suffixes -Prefixes -Abbreviations Any word that requires the use of a capital letter Any word that requires a hyphen or apostrophe TERMS TO REMEMBER Point value and its scrabble letters 0 - Blank tile 1 - A,E,I,L,N,O,R,S,T,U 2 - D,G 3 - B,C,M,P 4 - F,H,V,W,Y 5 - K 8 - J,X 10 - Q,Z COUNT TILES - done before and after the game to ensure there are 100 tiles BINGO - any word play that uses all seven letters on the rack earning a bonus of 50 points DUPLICATION - describes a rack that has more than one of a given letter DOUBLE-DOUBLE - a player that makes a play with letters that cover two double word squares (DWS) HOOK LETTER - a letter that will spell a new word when it is played with in the front or at the played with in the front or at the end already on the board BLOCKING - the act of playing a word on a board that stops the opponent from making a potentially large score CHALLENGE - when a play is not acceptable, someone loses exactly one turn PASS - a player may pass his/her turn by not exchanging tiles and not making a play on the board END-GAME - the portion of a scrabble game when there are less then seven tiles left to draw from the bag HEALTH : COMMUNICABLE DISEASES/INFECTIOUS DISEASES -Diseases which are transferred from one person to another/animal to another PATHOGEN - biological agent of disease - Other term is germs - An organism with the ability to cause disease TYPES OF PATHOGEN AND ITS NATURE BACTERIA -are one-celled microscopic organism that rank among widespread of living things -Some bacteria digest non-living food materials such as milk and meat and these organisms are called saprophytes -Toxin bacteria-produce a certain food poison called botulism -Resident bacteria - lives in human mouth, intestines, and skin RICKETTSIAE - are organisms that are considered intermediate, that is, somewhere between a virus and a bacterium VIRUSES - are small, simple life-like forms one-half to too the size of a bacteria -these organism are the human body's worst enemies -all viruses are parasites FUNGI - are simple organisms that cannot make their own food -Many lives on dead animals insects, and leaves -Fungi are therefore saprophytes PROTOZOA - are single-celled organisms that are larger than bacteria and have more complex cellular structure -most of these are harmless and they are most common in tropical areas that have poor sanitation PARASITIC WORMS - a worm is classified as a parasite -Parasitic worms also called helmints that lives in the human body -The word "helminths" (worm). Helminthology is the study of Parasitic worms ROUNDWORMS - roundworms hatch and live in the intestines -The eggs usually enter the body through contaminated water, food, fingers placed in mouth, and hand that have touched a contaminated objects