Management History PDF

Management History Week 2: Principles of Management OBJECTIVES To review the early management. To identify the people behind the management To distinguish the different approaches in management  Early Management Management has been practiced a long time. Organized endeavors direc...

Management History Week 2: Principles of Management OBJECTIVES To review the early management. To identify the people behind the management To distinguish the different approaches in management  Early Management Management has been practiced a long time. Organized endeavors directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling activities have existed for thousands of years. Principles of Management Major Approaches to Management Principles of Management What motivates you? Principles of Management What motivates you? Principles of Management What motivates you? Principles of Management  Classical Approach First studies of management, CLASSICAL which emphasized rationality and making organizations and APPROACH workers as efficient as possible. Principles of Management Classical Approach Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Taylorism Principles of Scientific Management Published in 1909 Father of Scientific Management Principles of Management Classical Approach He observed workers unloading iron off of rail cars and loading steel onto them. Taylor studied the movements, tools, and processes of the workers and determined that, while they were currently loading about 12.5 tons a day, they were clearly capable of loading 47.5 tons a day. Principles of Management Classical Approach He recommended that workers be provided incentives in the form of wage increases to meet new loading goals. These recommendations, when followed, led to increased production for Bethlehem Steel. Principles of Management Classical Approach Principles of Management  Classical Approach The process that Taylor laid out was a template for other organizations: 1.Each task should be studied scientifically to determine the best way to perform it. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management Father of Scientific Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach The process that Taylor laid out was a template for other organizations: 2. Workers should be carefully selected and trained to perform the tasks. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management Father of Scientific Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach The process that Taylor laid out was a template for other organizations: 3. Managers and workers should cooperate to ensure efficient production. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management Father of Scientific Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach The process that Taylor laid out was a template for other organizations: 4. Managers should plan, and workers should be responsible for implementing those plans. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management Father of Scientific Management Principles of Management Classical Approach Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach French Mining Engineer Work at the French mining company “Compagnie de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville” Later he become the General Manager Then the organization’s director from 1888 - 1918 Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach Five Basic Management Functions 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Commanding 4. Coordinating 5. Controlling Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach 14 Principles of Management - Helps you plan, organize and control operations, in terms of materials, people, machines, methods, money and markets. - Having leadership to human efforts will achieved the objectives efficiently. Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach 14 Principles of Management 1.Division of Work 2.Authority 3.Discipline 4.Unity of Command 5.Unity of Direction 6. Collective Interest Over Individual Interest 7. Remuneration Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management  Classical Approach 14 Principles of Management 8. Centralization 9. Scalar Chain 10.Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel 13.Initiative 14. Esprit de Corps (Team Spirit Jules Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Father of Modern Management Principles of Management Three (3) Major Theories Compromise the Classical Approach Principles of Management  Scientific Management SCIENTIFIC method of improving in the workforce MANAGEMENT Principles of Management  Scientific Management An approach that involves using the scientific method SCIENTIFIC to find the “one best way” for a job to be done. MANAGEMENT Principles of Management Scientific Management Principles of Management  Scientific Management focuses on: centralized authority labor specialization optimize each element of the production process. Principles of Management  Four Principles of Management 1. Science, not rule of thumb 2. Harmony, not discord 3. Cooperation, not individualism 4. Development of each person to his/her greatest efficiency Principles of Management  General Administrative Theory Attempts to find a GENERAL rational way to design an organization. ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY Principles of Management  14 Principles of Management Division of Work Authority Discipline Unity of Command Unity of Direction Collective Interest Over Individual Interest Remuneration Centralization Scalar Chain Order Equity Stability of Tenure of Personnel Initiative Esprit de Corps Principles of Management  THEORY OF BUREAUCRACY German Sociologist Political Economist Best known for his thesis of the “Protestant Ethic” Protestantism to Capitalism Bureaucracy Max Weber Father of Modern Bureaucracy Principles of Management Bureaucracy A form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Principles of Management Characteristics of Weber’s Bureaucracy Principles of Management  General Administrative Theory Division of Work Authority Discipline Unity of Command How today’s managers use general Unity of Direction Collective Interest Over Individual Interest administrative theory? Remuneration Centralization Scalar Chain Order Equity Stability of Tenure of Personnel Initiative Esprit de Corps Principles of Management Behavioral Approach The field of study that researches the actions (behavior) of people at work is called organizational behavior (OB). Principles of Management  Organizational Behavior Organizational The study of the actions of Behavior people at work. Principles of Management Organizational Behavior Principles of Management  Hawthorne’s Studies a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies, which started in 1924, were initially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. Principles of Management Behavioral Approach How today’s managers use the behavioral approach? Principles of Management  Quantitative Approach Quantitative the use of quantitative techniques to improve Approach decision making Principles of Management Quantitative Approach What exactly does the quantitative approach do? It involves applying statistics, optimization models, information models, computer simulations, and other quantitative techniques to management activities. Principles of Management  Total Quality Management A philosophy of management that is TOTAL QUALITY driven by continuous improvement MANAGEMENT and responsiveness to customer (TQM) needs and expectations. Principles of Management  Quality Management What Is Quality Management? 1. Intense focus on the customer. 2. Concern for continual improvement. 3. Process focused. 4. Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does. 5. Accurate measurement. 6. Empowerment of employees. Principles of Management Quantitative Approach How today’s managers use the quantitative approach? Principles of Management  Contemporary Approaches to management encompass the evolving perspectives and practices that are Contemporary relevant in today's dynamic business Approaches environment. Principles of Management  Contemporary Approaches Systems Theory Contingency Approach Principles of Management Systems Theory Principles of Management Systems Theory A set of interrelated and interdependent System parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole Principles of Management Systems Theory Principles of Management  Systems Theory Close System are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment. Open System are influenced by and do interact with their environment. Principles of Management Organization as an Open System Principles of Management Contingency Approach A management approach that recognizes organizations as different, which means they face different situations (contingencies) and require different ways of managing. Principles of Management  Contingency Factors ✓SIZE ✓TASK ✓UNCERTAINTY ✓DIVERSIFICATION Principles of Management Chapter Summary ❖Describe some early management examples. ❖Explain the various theories in the classical approach. ❖Discuss the development and uses of the behavioral approach. ❖Describe the quantitative approach. ❖Explain the various theories in the contemporary approach. BYE BYEBYE