Mangrove Fauna PDF

MB 313 MARINE BOTANY MANGROVE FAUNA PRESENTED BY: BSMB 3 “Mangroves: protecting our coasts and nurturing life beneath the...

MB 313 MARINE BOTANY MANGROVE FAUNA PRESENTED BY: BSMB 3 “Mangroves: protecting our coasts and nurturing life beneath the DANIELLE WEN FERNANDEZ waves. #CoastalHeroes #Nature’sShield” JOEVEL BUNDA MB 313 MARINE BOTANY WHAT IS MANGROVE FAUNA FAUNA? Fauna refers to the animal life that inhabits a particular region, habitat, or geological period. Essentially, it’s the counterpart to flora, which encompasses plant life. For example, the fauna of a forest includes all the birds, mammals, insects, and other animals living there. MANGROVES Mangroves are coastal forests found in tropical and subtropical regions. They are characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that thrive in intertidal zones. Mangroves play a crucial role in stabilizing coastlines, reducing erosion, and providing habitats for many marine and terrestrial species. MANGROVE FAUNA Mangrove fauna refers specifically to the animal species that are associated with mangrove ecosystems. This includes a diverse array of creatures such as: Fish: Various species use mangroves as breeding and nursery grounds. Birds: Mangroves provide nesting and feeding sites for many bird species.  MB 313 MARINE FAUNA OF MANGROVE BOTANY FISH ECOSYSTEMS MANGROVE RED SNAPPER TARPON MUDSKIPPER Scientific Name: Lutjanus Scientific Name: Megalops cyprinoides Scientific Name: Periophthalmus spp. argentimaculatus Local Name: Bilong-bilong Local Name: Tambasakan Local Name: Mangagat Description: A large fish known for Description: Unique among fish for Description: A popular fish species their jumping ability, often found in their ability to move on land, found in mangrove habitats, known mangrove areas. mudskippers use their pectoral fins to for its striking red color and size. "walk" and breathe through their skin and mouth. BIRDS PACIFIC REEF HERON COLLARED KINGFISHER BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON Scientific Name: Egretta Scientific Name: Scientific Name: sacra Todiramphus chloris Nycticorax nycticorax Local Name: Tagak Local Name:Tiklis Local Name: Kuwak Description: A wading bird Description: Known for its Description: A that hunts in shallow vibrant colors and nocturnal bird that waters around mangroves. impressive hunting skills, feeds on small fish often seen perched on and invertebrates in branches near the water. mangrove areas.  MB 313 MARINE FAUNA OF MANGROVE BOTANY ECOSYSTEMS CRUSTACEAN MAMMALS S BLUE SWIMMING CRAB MUD CRAB PHILIPPINE LONG-TAILED MACAQUE Scientific Name: Scientific Name: Scientific Name: Macaca Portunus pelagicus Scylla serrata fascicularis Local Name: Local Name: Local Name: Unggoy Alimasag Alimango Description: A primate species Description: Known Description: A large that occasionally ventures into for its sweet meat, crab species highly mangrove areas. this crab species is valued for its meat, vital both commonly found in MOLLUSKS ecologically and economically. mangroves. MANGROVE WHELK GIANT CLAM DUGONG Scientific Name: Scientific Name: Scientific Name: Dugong Terebralia palustris Tridacna gigas dugon Local Name: Batitis Local Local Name: Dugong Description: A large Name:Taklobo Description: Gentle sea snail that thrives in Description: One of mammals that graze on mangrove habitats. the largest mangrove vegetation. mollusks, often found in mangrove ETC.... MB 313 MARINE The complex root systems of mangroves provide a PLANT AND FAUNA BOTANY habitat for fish and invertebrates, which in turn support a variety of bird species. INTERACTIONS Mangrove leaves are a source of nutrients for algae and invertebrates, creating a productive food web that sustains diverse organism. Microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling within mangrove ecosystems, supporting the overall health and productivity of these habitats. Mangrove trees drop leaves and branches that decompose on the ground and in the water, creating nutrients that support the entire ecosystem. Crabs and other small creatures eat this decaying matter, breaking it down further. Tiny organisms like bacteria and fungi continue the decomposition process, which helps nourish the roots of the mangroves and other plants. Fish and other animals also feed on these tiny particles and the smaller creatures, creating a balanced and interconnected food web where  MB 313 MARINE HOW DO THE VEGETATION ADAPTED TO THE BOTANY MANGROVE AREA? SALT WATER PROBLEM If a normal plant is watered with sea water, it will die because the sea water will extract the water from the plant High salinity will increase the salt concentration in the plant tissues and this will damage the metabolic processes and leads to death. ADAPTATION TO HIGH SALINITY WAXY LEAVES SALT EXCLUSION AT LEAVES Leaf that has coated on the outer ability of a mangrove to exclude side with a waxy cuticle that salt at the surface of their prevents water loss. leaves. So, that the salt content in the plant can be regulate.  MB 313 MARINE HOW DO THE VEGETATION ADAPTED TO THE BOTANY MANGROVE AREA? ADAPTATION TO HIGH SEDIMENTATION PROP ROOTS BUTTRESS ROOTS STILTS ROOTS PNEUMATOPHORES An adventitious root that Buttress roots (Bruguiera) Stilt roots (Rhizophora), Pneumatophores or arises from the stem, are roots from the tree are roots from the tree and breathing roots penetrates the soil, and trunk and expanded to a grow into the (Sonneratia) are roots helps support the stem structure which looks like substrate.These roots are from the underground a'flattened blade'. These mechanical support for root system, which roots provide mechanical plants growing in silt and appear laterally. These support for plants that muddy substrate. roots are used for grow in soft and instable respiration of the plant. substrates. MB 313 MARINE HOW DO THE VEGETATION ADAPTED TO THE BOTANY MANGROVE AREA? ADAPTATION TO REPRODUCTTION Vivipary normal ⚬ Reproduction and growth while still attached to plant ￭ Fertilization ￭ Propagule growth (a ready-to-go seedling) Maturity -> Drop off maternal plant Float horizontally initially ⚬ Dispersal to novel environments ideally Float vertically with appropriate environmental conditions Rooting and growth Pollination ⚬ Pollination method varies by species ￭ Wind (Rhizophora) ￭ bat or hawk moth (Sonneratia) ￭ birds and butterflies (Bruguiera) ￭ bees (Acanthus, Aegiceras, Avicennia, Excoecaria, Xylocarpus) ￭ fruit flies (Nypa) ￭ other small insects (Ceriops, Kandelia)  MB 313 MARINE BOTANY HUMAN IMPACTS ON MANGROVE S DEFORESTATION AND POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE OVEREXPLOITATION LAND CONVERSION Industrial and agricultural Rising sea levels and increased Mangroves are often Mangroves are often cleared to pollutants can degrade storm intensity threaten the overharvested for timber, fuel, make way for agricultural mangrove water quality, very existence of mangrove and other resources. This expansion, urban development, affecting the health and growth forests. These changes can unsustainable exploitation and aquaculture, particularly of these plants. Additionally, the lead to erosion and inundation compromises the regenerative shrimp farming. This has led to diversion of freshwater for of mangrove habitats, reducing capacity of mangrove a staggering loss of mangrove human use alters the salinity their ability to protect coastal populations and the myriad of forests, with countries like levels necessary for mangrove regions. services they provide. Thailand experiencing an 84% survival. MB 313 MARINE BOTANY THANKS “Mangroves: protecting our coasts and nurturing life beneath the waves. #CoastalHeroes #Nature’sShield”