Making of a Global World Class 10 Notes PDF

CLASS 10 NOTES SOCIAL SCIENCE Making of a global world PRASHANT KIRAD  PRASHANT KIRAD Making of a global world The Pre modern world exam me ayega (E.M.A) "Globalisation, an economic sy...

CLASS 10 NOTES SOCIAL SCIENCE Making of a global world PRASHANT KIRAD  PRASHANT KIRAD Making of a global world The Pre modern world exam me ayega (E.M.A) "Globalisation, an economic system that has emerged over the last 50 years, has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. The making of the global world is a story of trade, migration, and the movement of people, goods, and capital. From ancient times, travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims traversed vast distances in search of knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfillment, and refuge from persecution. As early as 3000 BCE, a thriving coastal trade network connected the Indus Valley civilisations with present-day West Asia, laying the foundations for a global economy. Silk route links the world The Silk Routes were a network of ancient trade paths that connected remote parts of the world, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures. These routes, which existed from before the Christian era until the 15th century, enabled the trade and cultural mingling of distant civilizations. China, renowned for its luxurious silk production, was a key player in this global exchange, with its silk being highly prized and widely traded along these routes." The food travels :- Spaghetti and Potato Food is a remarkable example of long-distance cultural exchange. Travelers and traders introduced new crops from the lands they visited, revolutionizing the culinary landscape. Many commonplace foods, such as potatoes, soybeans, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies, and sweet potatoes, were unknown to our ancestors until around five centuries ago. Christopher Columbus's discovery of America played a pivotal role in bringing these foods to Europe and Asia. Interestingly, the journey of noodles from China to become spaghetti in Italy is a testament to the power of cultural exchange. This culinary migration demonstrates how food can bridge geographical and cultural divides. JOSH METER?  PRASHANT KIRAD Conquest, Disease and trade E.M.A Before European arrival, the Indian Ocean served as a vibrant hub for trade and the interchange of culture, ideas, goods, and people. The redirection of trade routes by Europeans toward Europe, coupled with the influx of abundant resources from the Americas, reshaped global trade and lifestyles. The Europeans wielded an unconventional but devastating weapon in the form of germs, particularly smallpox, altering the course of history. Despite facing poverty and hunger until the nineteenth century, Europe gradually emerged as the focal point of world trade, while historically prosperous nations like China and India withdrew into isolation after the fifteenth century.  PRASHANT KIRAD Top 7 Questions Q1. Why did Europeans flee to America in the nineteenth century. Explain. Ans: Europeans fled to America in the 19th century because: (i) Until the 19th century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe. (ii) Cities were crowded, and deadly diseases were widespread. (iii) Religious conflicts were common and religious dissenters were persecuted. (iv) Thousands of people were left unemployed due to agricultural land lying uncultivated. So, people migrated in thousands, crossed oceans to find employment and a better future (v) In America, plantations were growing cotton and sugar for the European market. These plantations were worked on by slaves. Q2. There are manby instances of cross- cultural exchange through food before the nineteenth Ans: :Numerous instances of cross-cultural exchange through food have been recorded before the 19th century. Traders and visitors introduced new crops, which spread throughout the country, influencing local cuisines. Interestingly, many ready foods in distant regions share common ancestors, having evolved from the same foods. For example, pasta and spaghetti have a shared history, with spaghetti believed to have originated from noodles brought from China to the West. Similarly, Sicily, an Italian island, received pasta from Arab traders in the 5th century. Many staple crops consumed today, such as tomatoes, potatoes, soy, groundnuts, maize, and sweet potatoes, were unknown to our ancestors until around five centuries ago. Following Christopher Columbus's accidental discovery of America, these cuisines were introduced to Asia and Europe, further enriching global culinary diversity." Describe the significance of silk routes in the pre-modern period in the field of trade cultural exchange and religion.  PRASHANT KIRAD Ans: silk routes are good examples of pre-modern trade and cultural links between the distant parts of the world, i.e. linking Asia with Europe and North Africa. Along the silk routes, the silk cargoes from China, Indian spices and textiles, gold and silver from Europe were carried to different parts of the world. The Buddhist preachers, Christian missionaries and later on, Muslim preachers travelled along these routes. These routes proved to be a great source of trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world Thus, it can be concluded that silk routes are a good example of trade and cultural link between distant parts of the world. Q4. The global transfer of diseases became instrumental in colonisation of Africa and South America'. Explain the statement. Ans: The European conquest of colonies in Africa and South America was not solely due to superior firepower, but also attributed to the unintended introduction of germs, such as smallpox, that they carried with them. Smallpox proved to be a particularly devastating disease, spreading rapidly across the continent even before European colonizers arrived. It decimated a significant portion of the indigenous population, paving the way for conquest. The global transfer of disease played a crucial role in the colonization of Africa and South America, highlighting the unintended consequences of cultural exchange. Q5. Explain what do we mean when we say that the pre-modern world 'shrank' in the 1500s. The world shrank after the discovery of sea routes to Asia and Americas. The physical distances between continents reduced metaphorically due to the now available transportation facilities. What seemed like the end of the world could now be visited and viewed hence making the vague image of how large our world was, more lucid and exact. The world was now interconnected. This made it appear accessible and hence "smaller" in those terms. “Class 10th Phodenge” - Prashant Bhaiya  PRASHANT KIRAD Q6. Smallpox paved the way for the ___________ conquest and colonisation of America. A. Portuguese and Spanish B. Portuguese and Africa C. Africa and Spanish D. Europe and Africa Ans: (A) Portuguese and spanish Q7. Assertion (A): From ancient times groups like travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims have travelled vast distances. Reason (R): These journeys were for the purposes like knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfilment etc. Codes A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A C. A is true, but R is false D. A is false, but R is true Ans : (A) Both A and R are true, R us correct explanation of A