Political and Leadership Structure PDF

Module 4-5 Chiefdom - power and authority are bestowed to the POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP chief because he is the highest-ranking individual. STRUCTURE often keeps his positio...

Module 4-5 Chiefdom - power and authority are bestowed to the POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP chief because he is the highest-ranking individual. STRUCTURE often keeps his position for as long as he lives. Political or institution is defined as Power, therefore, is fundamental in the normal Chief Duty - To implement a redistribute system that allows goods to be fairly distributed to his subject. Meanwhile, authority is defined as the power widely perceived as legitimate rather than coercive. Datu or Chief Authority Authority, can be categorized in to three types:  His power depended upon his wealth. Traditional  Reputation for physical prowess. Rational-legal  In return for these responsibilities and Charismatic. services, a Datu received labor and tribute from his people. Traditional Authority - is more pronounced in pre- modern societies because changes in society are The State and Types of Authority - A state exists in quite flow. Power is legitimized by respect for long- a society with a large population that resides in a established cultural patterns. clearly bounded territory, to maintain order the state has the right to distribute authority Rational-legal Authority - Also known as, "Bureaucratic authority", is a power Theory of Authority and Legitimacy legitimated by legally enacted rules and regulations. Based on Max Weber Ideal types This theory describes the continuum authority and Charismatic Authority - as extraordinary personal bureaucracy. qualities that turn an audience and followers. does not Ideal types cover the: emanate from an inherited or achieved social status.  Traditional  Charismatic  Political organization were created to maintain social order. These political  Rational types of authority organizations include both the centralized Traditional - claim by the leaders, and a belief on the and uncentralized ones. part of the followers, The leaders in such system is  In uncentralized political system, leaders, not a superior but a personal master. although recognized, did not have any true power or authority to impose compliance to Traditional Characteristics - societal norms.  The traditional staff lacks offices with clearly sphere of competence that are subject to Philippines setting, the most popular tribes that impersonal rules. practice agriculture are the indigenous people of the Cordillera Region in the Northern Luzon.  It also does not have a rational ordering of relation of superiority and inferiority; it lacks a These tribes include the Ifugaos, also known Igorots clear hierarchy. among lowlanders, who are very famous for their rice terraces Charismatic Authority - Followers legitimize an individual's authority her or him to be charismatic. CENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEMS population Increased, as Charismatic Characteristics technology developed rapidly, and as trade produced  The offices they occupy form no clear more surplus, In large societies authority and power nhierarchy. are assigned to an individual (chief)or a body of  The organization has no formal rules, no individuals (state). establishment administrative Political system also evolved and existed in various Rational Type - Social change is achieved by first societies at different periods and phases of modifying, Once modifications are made, members of development. the society will learn to adapt to these and will eventually contribute to the rational leader's end goal. Two prominent examples centralized political systems are: Rational Characteristics  Chiefdom  Emphasis on calculability.  States  Focus on efficiency.  Ensuring predictability.  Replaces human technology with nonhuman technology.   Tends to have a series of irrational Cooperatives are integrated in society or consequences for the people involved with communities e.g. some cooperatives offer rational systems e.g. educational opportunities to non-members and  The worlds tend to become less enchanting support community projects. and less meaning Transnational Advocacy Groups Non-state Actors create and multiply opportunities for dialogue and Refers to "entities other than nation-state including: exchange because they establish new links "among actors in civil societies, states, and international  Multinational Corporations organization, and also provide resources to local  Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) political and social struggles  International Non-Governmental Organization Developmental Agencies performs four key roles: The two of most important Civil society categories are:  First, a development agency performs an  Non-Governmental Organization economic role, it helps build markets and (NGOS) encourage entrepreneurial activities in  People's Organization (PO's) countries.  Second, it performs a leadership role; it Non-Governmental Organization provides long term plans for countries. (NGOS) NGOs work to strengthen Pos by providing financing  Third, it helps coordinate development establishing plans and strategies among stakeholders, such as government, private sectors, and linkages, and undertaking advocacy. civic sectors. People's Organization (PO's)  Fourth, a development agency can also  Generally composed of disadvantage implement development strategies or individuals and work to advance their projects. members' material,  They advocate and work for disadvantaged individuals, who are not necessarily them. Characteritics of Filipino Civil Society  Firstly, political activism takes on a larger role for Filipino organizations than elsewhere.  Secondly, welfare activities emanating from the non-government sector are clearly distinguish from religious or state-initiated welfare activities.  Finally, NGOs in the Philippines have benefited from government administrations that, since the mid-1980s, have been generally supportive of civil society. Other Non-state Actors Non-state Actor also include:  Banks and Corporations  Cooperatives and Trade Unions  Transnational Advocacy Groups  Developmental Agencies Banks and Corporations  Bank rooted from latin meaning "bench" referring to the Roman forum where money lenders went to hang out. Cooperatives and Trade Unions