Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology PDF

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology HSCI 10283 Module 4 Blood and Blood Vessels Unit 1 Blood Leukocytes and Platelets Unit 1 Blood Objectives 1. Describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood. Explain why blood is classified a connective tissue 2. List the functions o...

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology HSCI 10283 Module 4 Blood and Blood Vessels Unit 1 Blood Leukocytes and Platelets Unit 1 Blood Objectives 1. Describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood. Explain why blood is classified a connective tissue 2. List the functions of the blood 3. Discuss the composition and functions of plasma 4. Name the three types of formed elements in the blood and give the function of each 5. Describe five types of leukocytes 6. Briefly describe how protection is provided by each of the five types of white blood cells 7. Describe the structure, function and production of blood cells 8. Cite three steps in hemostasis Unit 1 Blood Objectives 9. Briefly describe the steps in blood clotting 10. Define blood type and explain the relation between blood type and transfusions 11. List possible reasons for transfusions of whole blood and blood components 12. Define anemia and list the causes of anemia 13. Define leukemia and name the two types of leukemia 14. Describe several forms of clotting disorders 15. Describe the tests used to study blood 16. Identify combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes related to the blood 17. Reflect on homeostatic relationships between blood and other body systems White Blood Cells (WBCs) Leukocytes Spherical cells Lack hemoglobin Larger than erythrocytes Contain a nucleus Components of blood, but blood primarily means to transport WBCs to other tissue Functions 1. Fight invading microorganisms 2. Remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis Leukocytes Granulocytes vs. Agranulocytes Contain large cytoplasmic granules that can be seen by light microscope Very small granules Quickthink 1 Granulocyte vs. Agranulocyte Which is which? Monocyte_100x-slide_2_small Granulocyte ? Agranulocyte ? Neutrophil Monocyte Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Most common type of WBC Nuclei lobed (2 – 4 lobes) Usually remain in blood for short time (10 – 12 hours) Move into other tissues and phagocytize microorganisms How White Blood Cells Work and other foreign substances Dead neutrophils, cell debris and fluid Pus at infections Leukocytes Granulocytes, cont’d Basophils Least common type of WBC Contain large cytoplasmic granules Release: 1. Histamines that promote inflammation 2. Heparin that prevents clot formation Leukocytes Granulocytes, cont’d Eosinophils Often have two-lobed nucleus Involved in: 1. Lessen severity of allergies by phagocytizing immune complex 2. Lead body’s counterattack against specific worm parasites Leukocytes Agranulocytes Monocytes Largest of the WBCs Leave blood, enlarge and become macrophages which phagocytize 1. Bacteria 2. Dead cells 3. Cell fragments 4. Other debris in tissues Can activate lymphocytes by phagocytizing foreign substances Leukocytes Agranulocytes, cont’d Lymphocytes Smallest of the WBCs, cytoplasm thin ring around nucleus Several types of lymphocytes which play a important role in immune response, including: 1. Production of antibodies and other chemicals to destroy microorganisms 2. Contribute to allergic reactions 3. Control tumors 4. Regulate immune system Formed Elements Platelets What are platelets? Small fragments of cells Produced in red marrow from megakaryocytes Fragments break off and enter blood as platelets Cytoplasm surrounded by cell membrane Play an important role in preventing blood loss Function in clotting mechanism by forming temporary plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels Quickthink 2 Formed Elements Which is which (erythrocyte/RBC, leukocyte/WBC, thrombocyte/ platelet)? 1? 2? 3? 3? 3?