LWDD REVIEWER PDF

CATEGORIES of DISABILITIES day living. Ex. self dressing, 1. Developmental Disabilities- Includes eating alone, bathing etc. Intellectual disability or a;so known as Communication: They find it Mental Retardation, Autism, Learning hard to expres...

CATEGORIES of DISABILITIES day living. Ex. self dressing, 1. Developmental Disabilities- Includes eating alone, bathing etc. Intellectual disability or a;so known as Communication: They find it Mental Retardation, Autism, Learning hard to express and receive Disability & ADHD. information from others. 2. Physical & Sensory- Any lackness or Social: (Some) They can’t (kakulangan) in the body; Senses like socialize with others, some are blindness, deafness, crippled (Pilay), even harmful. Cerebral Palsy, Muscular Dystrophy etc. Personal Independency: Some 3. Emotional Behavior- Problems in can be independent but in some handling behaviors: Emotional cases they are fully dependent on Disorder. adults. 4.Giftedness- Having high IQ. School works. 5. Multiple Disability- Having 2 or more disabilities. Ex. being blind and *These can be found in the concrete to deaf. formal operational development of PIaget’s Theory. INTELLECTUAL DISORDER/ *People with Intellectual Disability DISABILITY only reach Pre operational in Piaget’s - Before it was called Mental theory. Retardation (Delayed) but since it *Worst cases of intellectual disability seems offensive to parents and reach only Sensorimotor. individuals. * While, mild can reach concrete - They are not capable of: operational. Has problems in reasoning * There is no one who reaches formal Difficulty in problem solving operation when an individual has an Difficulty in planning intelligence disability. Has problem with Abstract LEVELS OF INTELLECTUAL reasoning DISABILITY Lack of Judgment -Basis of these names are IQ Has a problem in academic (Intellectual Quotient) learning and school. -70 IQ is the border line, not retarded Has a problem in experiential average only. learning or learning things from their past experiences resulting in them making the same mistakes over and over again. They have a problem in Adapting Skills: Skills needed for day to  EVOLUTION OF NAMES - Near drowning that causes lack of Idiot Mild Educable Intermittent oxygen (52-69) Mental R. -Can be -Help only - Brain injury educated; when needed. included As teachers what can we do? in -Explain things the easy way; “the academics simpler the better” Moron Moderate Trainable Limited- (36-51) Mental R. -Can be limited help - Present concrete tasks trained only. - Use a multi sensory approach where Imbecile Severe Custodial Extensive- students can use all their senses to (25-30) Mental R. -Under more help understand things better. custody of needed. someone - Always involve children in non-educational tasks for them to feel Imbecile Profound Custodial Pervasive- (below 19) Mental R. -Under totally successful. “Focus on success, not custody of dependent.` failure” someone - Teach adaptive skills; the skills RISKS FACTORS needed in a day to day living. - What causes mental retardation? 1. Prenatal Period- Before is delivered; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity in the womb, during pregnancy. - The mother is at fault. Disorder - Malnourished -It is normal for kids to be hyper or too - Age; Too young or too old active but what's not normal is when; -Exposure to alcohol, cigarettes, & - If at least 6 of these symptoms are drugs. present. 2. Perinatal Period- During the - The symptoms appeared before 7. delivery. - The symptoms can be manifested or - Mother experienced highblood or shown in 2 or more settings. Ex. school eclampsia. and home etc. - Oxygen Deprivation: Caused by - Affects academic, social, relations or prolonged labor. other functioning of the child. - The mother collapsed during delivery - It needs to be clinically checked to be causing a shortage of oxygen for the sure. baby. 3. Postnatal Period- During the 3 CATEGORIES OF ADHD developmental period (0-18). 1. ADHD in Attention or Attention - Malnourished Deficit Disorder / ADD - Deprived of emotional support from SYMPTOMS the parents. - Often fails to give close attention to - Very high fever or meningitis details or often makes careless - LED exposure; from toys that are too mistakes. colorful - Often seem not to listen when being - Put a child in a chair, let him/ her sit spoken or talked to. there and put a timer, give reward or - Often fail to follow instructions to punishment after. finish tasks. LEARNING DISABILITY - Difficulty in organizing things. - It is a neurological disability. - Often avoid or dislike work which - Neurological means a problem. requires sitting or focusing for a long somewhere in the part of the brain. time. - This is not a learning problem. - Often lose things - Learning problems are no motivation, - Always distracted by different stimuli. poor teaching strategy, hearing or - Often forgetful. visual ADHD. 2. Attention Hyperactivity Deficit - This interferes with basic learning Disorder like; SYMPTOMS Reading - Always fidget fingers, hands or Writing legs Math - Can’t stay in his/ her own seat - This also interferes with the higher - Climb/ run excessively; has lots learning skills like; of energy Organization - Find it hard to engage in any Planning activities quietly Abstract reasoning - Always on the go Short term or long term memory - Talks excessively loss - Blurt out answers even when the Focus questions are not yet finished yet Attention - Difficulty waiting for his/ her - This is also called the Hidden own turn Disability as it can’t be seen physically. - Often interrupts someone when - Cannot be cured or fixed but can be talking helped to cope or live with these * If always on the go but not impulsive disabilities. then it is only ADD. - The Umbrella Disability: according to * If only Impulsivity the ADHD in research when an individual has Impulsivity learning disability most oftenly that * If all is present the it is ADHD they have 2 or more. TREATMENTS - Calm; hot bath - Continuously shaping the behavior of the child TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITY 3. DYSGRAPHIA (Learning 1. DYSLEXIA (Learning Disabilities in Disabilities in writing) reading) - Graphics - Reading disability - Affects handwriting and use of fine - Confusion when it comes to a like motors. letters. Ex. b & d, q & p, n & u, saw & - Ugly handwritings was, net & ten etc. - Awkward while holding a pen. - Affects reading fluency; it has - They have inconsistency in spacing: something to do with the fluency of too tight or too far. reading. - Poor spelling - Decoding or writing letters or words. - Problem in composition of essay/ or Ex was to saw, ten to net, b to d, q to p.. any written tasks. - Reading comprehension, can’t - Problem in writing & thinking at the understand what they are reading. same time. - Problems in recalling what they have - Illegible handwriting; handwriting read. can’t be easily read. - Problems in spelling 4. AUDITORY LEARNING DISABILITY/ - The child finds it painful or hard and AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER reads slowly. (Receptive Language) - Problems in reading but not in - Cannot differentiate between sounds hearing. Ex. salary- celery, bitch-beach etc. - Problems in written language or -They find it difficult locating where comprehension. the sound came from. 2. DYSCALCULIA (Learning - They find it difficult to explain Disabilities in math) metaphor (cannot get jokes) -CALCU means calculation while DYS - They find it hard to process what they means problem are listening to. - Problem in calculation - Most of the time they keep ignoring - Not knowing the concept of you but it’s not because they are not remainders and other basic rules in interested but because they can’t math. process it. - Problems in understanding - Often easily distracted by the sound mathematical symbols. in the background. (different sounds) - Problem in organizing numbers from 5. LANGUAGE LEARNING/ thousands, hundreds and so on.. PROCESSING DISORDER - Struggle in memorizing numbers - They find it hard to attach meaning - Problem in telling time. to things they hear. - Problem in directions like left and - Problem in hearing things. right. - Problem in expressing and expressing -Problem in counting. language. 6. NONVERBAL LEARNING DISORDER VOICE DISORDER- problem in - People who cannot interpret facial the voice of the person. expressions. - Pitch: Highness or lowness of - Cannot interpret non verbal voices languages. - Loudness: loudness of voices - Cannot interpret body languages. - Hoarseness: Paas or the - Has poor coordination or is clumsy. bedroom voice. 7. COMMUNICATION DISORDER - Breathness: They seem to put on - Communication is the ability of the air when talking and out of person to express ideas , feelings, breath when talking. opinions and his/ her ability to relay - Nasality: The voice is from the messages. nose. - Disorder is a messy or confused state. FLUENCY DISORDER- Has -Communication disorder is messy something to do with being talking. fluent or the continuous flow of - Problem of speech when talking. the words/ sentence. - Something off when they talk. - An example of this disorder are: - Could range from a simple speech Cluttering: when a person talks too fast production to a more intense problem that it becomes meaningless or can't be like communication problem. understood easily. SPEECH DISORDER- Involves Stuttering: repeating syllables when production of sounds or with the talking. quality of their voice. Dysfluency Repetition: mild> using - 5 Speech Problems- uhm, ehh, ahh and repetition of words. 1. Articulation- How a person delivers/ reads the words. *Regional Defect- These are ways of - Omission: Missing words or talking or languages that don't count as letters when they are talking. a disorder. - Addition: Adding words or letters when talking. LANGUAGE DISORDER- - Substitution: Changing some Inability to understand and/ or parts of words. Ex. Manny use words both verbally or non Facque instead of Manny Pacque. verbally. - Distortion: Distorted or their - Improper use 0f words speech can’t be understood. - Inability to express ideas 2. Stuttering- Always repeat syllables. - Improper grammatical patterns: 3. Phonological- Problem in phonology. Couldn’t get the verb, plural, 4. Pitch- How high or low your voice is. singular and other concepts in 5. Volume- Loudness of the voice grammar. - Reduced vocabulary: No capacity to learn new things - Inability to follow directions: Not because the person is not listening but because they cannot understand what they are being told to do so. - NOTE: Language disorder is both a Receptive and Expressive problem. - Receptive Language Impairment: Refers to listening and understanding ( not because of deafness) - Expressive: Refers to the problem of producing words, cannot retrieve information, problem in sentence formulation, has problems in conversational skills.