LP13-SOC Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation (G06 Richmindale, PDF) 2021

Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Social Studies Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Revision 0, updated on May 1, 2021 Form 5050 rev 0 | Richmind...

Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Social Studies Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Revision 0, updated on May 1, 2021 Form 5050 rev 0 | Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA www.richmindale.com/standards/forms Learning Outcomes Slide 2 At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: ✓ Examine the Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA The Philippine Government during the JAPANESE OCCUPATION Slide 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8womnIS0O-0 Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Introduction: Slide 4 The Japanese had only one objective in their occupation of the Philippines, and that is to control its economy. This is a crucial part of achieving their larger goal, which is Imperialism. They want to implement this objective through an extensive program, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. This serves as the basis for all the policies enforced by the Japanese in the country. The Philippines was under Japanese occupation for over three years. During this time, the Filipinos experienced many hardships at the hands of the new occupiers. There were changes and policies implemented, with both positive and negative results for the Filipinos and the country, which we still see today. On January 8, 1942, the Japanese established a Military Government. This governed economic, cultural, and livelihood policies. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Policies Implemented by the Japanese Slide 5 Complete severance of the Philippines' ties with the United States. Total removal of all American authority throughout the archipelago. Establishment of a government for Filipinos only (which is not true because the Japanese still held power). Continuation of local leaders in positions of governance under Japanese authority. Suppression of freedom of speech and expression. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Policies Implemented by the Japanese Slide 6 Distribution of basic food necessities through rationing. Trial and punishment for Filipinos opposing the Japanese. Prevention of development and livelihood programs. Explanation of the significance of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and understanding the role the Philippines plays in this program. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Educational Policies Slide 7 The cultural policy of the Japanese is anchored in education. With the opening of schools, all teaching policies are focused on the following objectives: ✓ Explain the significance of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and make the Philippines' role in this program understood. ✓ Eliminate Western cultural values to rekindle an Asian identity. ✓ Shape Filipino habits and eliminate materialism. ✓ Teach the Japanese or Nippongo language to eventually replace English. ✓ Value primary education and introduce vocational education. ✓ Encourage citizens to cultivate a love for labor. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Educational Policies Slide 8 The curriculum and textbooks used must be re-evaluated to achieve these objectives. Anything that goes against Japan and supports Americans or English has been removed. Greater emphasis is placed on the study of vocational courses compared to literature and social sciences. During this time, Philippine literature flourished because the Japanese leadership prohibited the use of the English language and promoted the enrichment of literature using indigenous languages in the country. This period in the nation's history and literature is referred to as the 'Golden Age of Filipino Literature' because Filipinos were more liberated (compared to the American era) in writing literature and integrating Filipino culture, customs, and beliefs into their works. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Educational Policies Slide 9 During this time, Philippine literature flourished because the Japanese leadership prohibited the use of the English language and promoted the enrichment of literature using indigenous languages in the country. This period in the nation's history and literature is referred to as the 'Golden Age of Filipino Literature' because Filipinos were more liberated (compared to the American era) in writing literature and integrating Filipino culture, customs, and beliefs into their works. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 10 Impact of Japanese Occupation in the Philippines: Considering Effects of World War II on Post-Colonial Philippines The Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, which only ended in 1945, was overall a catalyst to the nationalistic movements among region’s nations as well as their eventual independence. Although the Philippines achievement of independence in 1946 after the war seems to reinforce this view, it could also be said that the Japanese invasion instead hampered the achievement of independence. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 11 ⮚ Pre-War Movement Towards Independence In contrast to other Southeast Asian nations, the nationalistic desire was already present in the Philippines, most prominently through the actions of national hero José Rizal. In fact, the Philippines were the first country to declare independence, doing so in 1898 with the end of Spanish colonialism, though that was quashed by the subsequent colonialism by the United States. The Japanese Invasion Derailed Philippines Independence As such, the Japanese invasion, accompanied by destruction and loss of life and property, especially in Manila could be said to have crippled the Philippines progress to independence. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 12 Economic poverty would continue to be a feature of Japanese rule over the years, such as the use of the Japanese currency, derisively termed as “Mickey Mouse money”. Political upheavals also divided the country as a divide emerged between those who chose to cooperate with the Japanese, and those who eventually became guerillas. One such group was the Hukbalahap, whose violence was a reaction both to Japanese rule and their discontent with the previous class structure. Corruption and violence prevailed, as respect for law and order disappeared. The sense of nationhood was put aside in the individual pursuit for family survival among the Filipinos. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 13 The Japanese Invasion Altered Independent Philippines Despite the above, the Philippines declaration of independence and subsequent rule by its own rulers still did occur much earlier than other countries such as Vietnam. In that light, the effect of Japanese occupation did really have a crippling effect on the nationa’s development. An alternative and less negative perspective worth considering would be to see the Japanese invasion as altering rather than solely hampering the Philippines once they had achieved independence. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 14 ⮚ Increased perception of Philippines as a Southeast Asian Nation Previously, the Philippines had been fairly isolated from the rest of the Southeast Asian nations, yet the common experience of the war would move itself closer to the rest of the region, both in political relationships and in cultural perceptions. This is seen especially in how the Philippines was one of ASEAN’s founding members during the association’s establishment in 1967. ⮚ Changed relationship with America The Philippines also had to grapple with its relationship with the United States, in many ways which Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 15 perhaps would not occur without the Japanese occupation. This included the relative lack of aid supplied to the Philippines(the Americans were more focused on pumping money into rebuilding Japan), as well as economic concessions which favored America, such as the rigid currency link of the peso and dollar, which was viewed as unfair. The Philippines also had to grapple with its relationship with the United States, in many ways which perhaps would not occur without the Japanese occupation. This included the relative lack of aid supplied to the Philippines(the Americans were more focused on pumping money into rebuilding Japan), as well as economic concessions which favoured America, such as the rigid currency link of the peso and dollar, which was viewed as Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 16 unfair. America also wanted the continued usage of their military bases as the cold war progressed. This was viewed as an infringement of sovereignty, not only in a territorial sense, but also as military personnel were not subject to Philippine law, but rather that of their own military law. A More Aggressive Filipino Society The violence during the war years contributed to a society more prepared to use aggressiveness. This was especially seen in Huk guerilla war which continued after World War II and was only curbed by Ramon Magsaysay, the president from 1953 to 1955. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Effects and Results of the Japanese Occupation Slide 17 These changes to the country would have a profound effect in political developments as well as the Filipino’s way of lives over time, through the post-war years, the period of Ferdinand Marco’s presidency, and beyond. The Japanese occupation of the Philippines during WWII was a turbulent time in the country's history. While the occupation was characterized by violence and persecution, there were some beneficial outcomes. The foundation of the Philippine Republic, announced by President Jose P. Laurel on October 14, 1943, was one of the most major beneficial results of the Japanese occupation. Japan recognized the republic, but neither the United States nor the other Allied countries did. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Positive Effects of the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines Slide 18 Another advantage of Japanese occupation was the introduction of new technology and industries. The Japanese constructed roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects that aided in the country's modernization. They also founded new businesses, like as mining and manufacturing, which created jobs for Filipinos. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Positive Effects of the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines Slide 19 ✓ The Filipinos learned how to care for and breed fish, shrimp, and ducks. ✓ The Japanese also inspired Filipinos' food habits, such as noodle soup, tempura, and sushi. Filipinos also learnt Japanese techniques such as origami and ikebana. Origami is the art of folding paper, while ikebana is the art of flower arrangement. ✓ Filipinos also learned from the Japanese the designs in building Buddhist temples, making tools and weapons. They became open-minded in embracing technology, such as karaoke, videoke, game consoles, cameras, and more. ✓ The Japanese introduced Japanese literature to Filipinos, including stories, plays, and legends. Filipinos also learned to bow as a sign of respect. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Positive Effects of the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines Slide 20 ✓ One positive way the Japanese used to erase American culture from our minds is by using the Filipino language. During this time, the Filipino language was extensively used in education, music, and literature, contributing to the Filipinos' sense of nationalism. ❑ Negative Effects of the Japanese Occupation ✓ The arrival of the Japanese in our country brought fear and suffering to many Filipinos. The way of life was significantly affected. Filipinos lost the freedom to speak and express their feelings. Progress in the field of arts came to a halt. There were also changes in the education system during this time Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA Negative Effects of the Japanese Occupation Slide 21 ✓ The Japanese nation's goal of establishing an economically capable and independent Asia separate from Western influences could have been reasonable. However, their methods to achieve it were unjust. ✓ Their use of violence to attain their objectives was also unreasonable. They mercilessly assaulted women and ruthlessly killed thousands of civilians. Filipinos who did not adhere to their rules or laws were subjected to torture or arrest based on accusations of espionage. The tragic 'Death March,' where thousands of American and Filipino soldiers perished at their hands, will not be erased from history. Subject: G06-SOC-LP13 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA  🙢 END OF PRESENTATION 🙢 Policies and Outcomes of the Japanese Occupation Social Studies Form 5050 rev 0 | Richmindale® is a trademark of Richmindale College LLC, USA www.richmindale.com/standards/forms