Life Skills PSW Workbook Year 1, Term 1 PDF

Baysville School of Skills ***Life Skills*** **PSW Workbook** [Personal and Social Well-being] Term 1 \~ 2025 Year 1. \_\_\_  Term 1 - Topics **[Development of self]** Positive Self-Esteem: Body Image **[Health: social & environmental ]** **[responsibilities]** Food...

Baysville School of Skills ***Life Skills*** **PSW Workbook** [Personal and Social Well-being] Term 1 \~ 2025 Year 1. \_\_\_  Term 1 - Topics **[Development of self]** Positive Self-Esteem: Body Image **[Health: social & environmental ]** **[responsibilities]** Food Hygiene **[Constitutional ]** **[rights & responsibilities]** Nation Building and Cultural Heritage **[World of work]** History of Money ***[Development of self:]*** ***[Positive Self-Esteem - Body Image]*** [Who are you?] Take a minute to think about this; WHO ARE YOU? Yes, we all have names, birthdays, families and a place we call home. But, if you really had to think a little bit deeper about who you really are, what would you say? Would you say you're a caring and bubbly or fun person? Would you say that you're a shy person? Would you say that you're someone that doesn't really like to follow the rules? As we get further into the year, your teachers and friends will get a better understanding of the type of person you are. You'll also come to find out something along the journey, and that is, we are all 'unique'. [Unique means being the only one of its kind or different from everything else in some way]. There are more than 8 billion people in this world and each person is unique. Even if you are a twin, you are the only 'you' there is in the whole world and the only one there will ever be. Our uniqueness forms part of something called our self-image. [Self-image is the idea you have of yourself.] This includes your appearance and your personality. Your personal qualities, interests, abilities and potential contribute to the image you have of yourself. *[Personal Qualities] - the characteristics, attributes, or personality traits that define who you are and how you interact with the world.* *[Interests] - the feeling of wanting to know or learn about something and someone.* *[Ability] - the quality of being able to do something.* *[Potential] - Something or someone that can become or do something in the future.* Your self-image is based on information from: - - Your actions and behaviours - Your interests - Your abilities - Your potential - Your achievements - Other people's comments about you - People you admire - Your parents and siblings Your first relationship is usually with your family, and you develop your own beliefs and opinions through them. You also base your self-image on things that happen to you which explains why you believe certain things and why you react to things in certain ways. *You don't have control about what happens to you, but you have control over how you react to what happened to you.* Having a positive self-image: - - Gives you the confidence to meet other people, enjoy different experiences and develop new skills and talents. - Helps you to reach your full potential - Allows you to become more aware of your interest, abilities and potential.  **[Activity 1: Self image]** **Fill in the Blank**: Fill in the blank with the correct words. **Word bank**: reaction, unique, potential, qualities, self-image 1. There are more than 8 billion people in the world, and each person is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Personal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ define how you interact with the world. 3. Your \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the idea you have of yourself. 4. A positive self-image helps you reach your full \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 5. You don't have control over what happens to you, but you have control over your \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. **Choose the correct answer** 1. What is self-image? - A. The way your friends see you - B. The idea you have of yourself - C. Your favourite colour - D. The way you dress 2. Which of these is NOT a factor that influences your self-image? - A. Your actions and behaviours - B. Your favourite food - C. Other people's comments - D. People you admire 3. What does it mean when someone has potential? - A. They are already perfect - B. They can become or do something in the future - C. They have everything they need - D. They are the oldest in their family Answer the following questions. 1. What are some ways you can improve your self-image? 2. Write down 4 personal qualities that make you unique. [Self-Esteem] Our self-esteem plays I big role in shaping who we are. [Self-esteem is how a person feels about themselves and their abilities.] It is based on the beliefs and opinions you have of yourself. A [positive self-esteem] means that you love and respect yourself. You know what you like, and dislike and you have boundaries placed on your life to care for yourself. You can also stand up for yourself when issues arise, and small problems don't impact how you feel and react. You accept that you are unique and special in your own way, and you don't have to change who you are to 'fit in'. A [negative self-esteem] means that you have a low opinion of yourself. You view your life as 'less than' and you focus on things that go wrong and things you dislike about yourself. You always think of others as better than you and often find it difficult to make friends. Having a low self-esteem is a difficult thing to get past. It requires years of reshaping the way you think and act which is why its important to start while you're still a teenager. **[Activity 2: Self-Esteem]** 1. What is self-esteem? a. How others view you at school b. How you feel about yourself and your abilities c. Your grades in school d. The number of friends you have 2. Which of the following is a sign of positive self-esteem? e. Changing yourself to fit in with others f. Getting upset over small problem g. Focusing on your mistakes h. Being able to stand up for yourself 3. A person with negative self-esteem typically: i. Accepts their unique qualities j. Has strong personal boundaries k. Views themselves as less than others l. Makes friends easily 4. Why is it important to address low self-esteem during teenage years? m. Because it takes time to reshape thinking patterns n. Because teenagers have more free time o. Because parents say it\'s important p. Because it\'s easier than in adulthood 5. Which statement best describes a person with positive self-esteem? q. They worry about what others think r. They know their likes and dislikes s. They try to please everyone t. They avoid setting boundaries [\ ] **[Tips To Improve Self Esteem ]** ---------------------------------------------- 1. **Appreciate all that your body can do - running, dancing, breathing, laughing, dreaming, etc.** 2. **Keep a top ten list of things you like about yourself - You will list things that you like about yourself.** 3. **Remind yourself that "true beauty" is not simply skin-deep - Beauty is a state of mind, not a state of your body.** 4. **Look at yourself as a whole person - When you see yourself in a mirror or in your mind, choose not to focus on specific body parts. See yourself as you want others to see you --- as a whole person.** 5. **Surround yourself with positive people - It is easier to feel good about yourself and your body when you are around others who are supportive.** 6. **Shut down those voices in your head that tell you your body is not "right" or that you are a "bad" person - You can overpower those negative thoughts with positive ones.** 7. **Wear clothes that are comfortable and that make you feel good about your body- Work with your body, not against it.** 8. [**Become a critical viewer of social and media messages.**](https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/media-eating-disorders) 9. **Do something nice for yourself - Something that lets your body know you appreciate it. Take a bubble bath, make time for a nap, or find a peaceful place outside to relax.** 10. **Use the time and energy that you might have spent worrying about food, calories, and your weight to do something to help others - Sometimes reaching out to other people can help you feel better about yourself and can make a positive change in our world.** [\ ] [Body Changes] A huge change in self-esteem will happen during puberty. Physical and emotional changes contribute to your self-image and these changes will not be the same in boys and girls and will affect your relationships with other people and may cause conflict. [Puberty is a time when a child's body transitions to an adult]. It usually happens between the ages of 10 and 18. Your brain has a gland called the [pituitary gland]. This gland produces something called [hormones which are chemical substances] that are released into your body to affect your physical bodily changes and moods that you experience during puberty.  [Physical Changes During Puberty] **Boys** **Girls** ------------------------------- -- ------------------------------ Acne (pimples) break out Body hair grows Body hair grows Acne (pimples break out) Voice gets deeper Breasts grow Genital growth Menstruation (periods) begin Body odor Body odor Chest and shoulders get wider Hips become wider Adam's apple becomes visible Grow taller Grow taller [Emotional Changes During Puberty] - Mood swings - Sensitivity which leads to crying or outbursts - Uncertainty - Easily embarrassed - Wanting independence - Experience sexual feelings - Confusion and indecisiveness **Activity 3: Body Changes** **Fill in the Blank**: Fill in the blank with the correct words. [**Word bank**: menstruation, mood swings, pituitary, body hair, voice changes] 1. The ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***gland in the brain produces hormones during puberty. 2. During puberty, boys often experience ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** as their voices deepen. 3. Girls may start to experience ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***, which is a monthly cycle. 4. A common physical change for both boys and girls is the development of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 5. One emotional change during puberty is experiencing ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***, where feelings can change quickly. **Multiple Choice Questions**: Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question. 1. What is the age range during which puberty usually occurs? - a\) 5 to 8 - b\) 10 to 18 - c\) 15 to 20 2. Which physical change is common in girls during puberty? - a\) Deeper voice - b\) Breasts grow - c\) Wider shoulders 3. What is a common emotional change that occurs during puberty? - a\) Increased appetite - b\) Mood swings - c\) Improved concentration 4. What becomes more prominent in boys as a sign of puberty? - a\) Hips widen - b\) Adam's apple - c\) Hair colour changes [Media and Society Influences] **[The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers]** Social media is a big part of many teenagers\' lives today. Apps like Instagram and TikTok show photos and videos of people who usually look perfect. These pictures can make teenagers [feel like they need to change] how they look or act to be accepted by others. During puberty, when their bodies are changing, many teens compare themselves to these idealized pictures. This can lead to feelings of [low self-esteem] and make them unhappy with their own appearance. Instead of accepting their unique qualities, some might try to change their looks to fit into what they see online. Unrealistic pictures can create pressure for teenagers to meet certain beauty standards that are usually not possible to achieve. The desire to look and act like the people they see on social media can affect how they feel about themselves and how they interact with friends and family. It\'s important for teens to remember that the images they see are usually edited and do not represent real life. Understanding this can help them focus on being themselves and appreciating their individuality, rather than trying to change to unrealistic expectations. **[Activity 4: Social Media]** Answer the following questions in complete sentences: 1. Why do teenagers feel pressure from social media to change their appearance? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. How can comparing themselves to social media images affect teenagers\' self-esteem? 3. What are some ways teenagers can appreciate their individuality instead of trying to meet unrealistic expectations? **[Ways to develop self-acceptance ]** - **Accept yourself** - **Acknowledge your reality -** Sometimes facing reality is not the easiest thing to do but accepting your current situation can make you happier in the present and lead to a better future. - **Practice honesty -** Dealing with the bad stuff is a way to get to the good stuff but it takes practice. Once you know what you are dealing with, you can work toward the best next steps. - **Admit your mistakes -** Remember that you cannot fix anything until you admit there is a problem and that you are the only one who can change it. - **Do not let fear get in your way -** Do not let fears, especially fears of what others think of you stand in your way. - **Count on your competencies -** Counting on the things you are good at helps you realize your strengths, which in turn will help you improve your attitude toward yourself. Do not shy away from challenges, but rather wade into the struggle and get comfortable with operating and living there. Struggles are a way of life, and we have to learn to confront them. - **Plan for reaching your goal -** Break your goal into small steps that you can accomplish one at a time to build your confidence and self-worth as you go. **Statement** **Yes** **No** --------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- When my peers correct me when I'm wrong, I get angry. I feel very disappointed when I fail a test. I try to please everybody even when they disappoint me. I can laugh at my mistakes and correct them. I look at my life with a positive outlook. I know that setbacks are not permanent. I can take criticism in a positive way. I do not envy other children's possessions. ***[Health, Social and Environmental Responsibilities:]*** ***[Food Hygiene]*** [The Importance of Food Hygiene] Hygiene is the conditions and practices that helps to maintain healthy habits and prevents diseases. [Food hygiene are the conditions and measures to make sure our food is safe to produce and eat]. The purpose of food hygiene is to prepare and provide safe food which contributes to a healthy and productive society. The main food Hygiene goals are to: - Help others learn about how to keep their food safe - Protect people from diseases that comes from food - Prevent food poisoning - Protect food from contamination Without washing our hands and kitchen utensils regularly, bacteria and diseases can spread very easily. People get sick every day because of the food they eat. Micro-organisms that include germs, bacteria, viruses and mold can spread and exist on food which can cause food poisoning. This leads to quite a bit of unpleasant symptoms like stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhea. **[Activity 6: Food Hygiene]** Write five things that you can do to keep food safe to eat. 1. ---- 2. 3. 4. 5. Name four kinds of food must you wash before you prepare and eat? 1. ---- 2. 3. 4. Give a clear definition (meaning) of food hygiene. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [Choose the correct answer:] 1. Without washing your hands and kitchen utensils regularly, bacteria and diseases can easily: a. Die b. Spread c. Grow 2. Micro-organisms that include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, viruses and mold can spread and exist on food and can cause food poisoning. d. Alcohol e. Bacteria f. Food [Food Preparation and Storage] When working with food in any way there are certain things you need to be mindful of and implement to have healthy food hygiene habits. - [Practice personal hygiene and clean your space] - Washing your hands regularly with soap and water can limit bacteria and germ exposure to food. Washing dishes regularly can also limit the bacteria and germs spreading and it removes the possibility of insects roaming around. - [Store food that can be destroyed by heat in the fridge]. - This will help the foods stay fresher for longer and make them last longer. - [Keep raw and dry food away from cooked or wet food] - Raw foods like meat, fish and chicken must be stored away from each other in packs. This is to avoid cross-contamination which is when one food infects another healthy food. - Food that is already cooked can easily get affected by food that is raw which can make both foods unsafe to eat. Them same way you cannot mix dry food with wet food unless it is in the process of being cooked. - It is also mindful to use separate chopping boards to prevent meats from contaminating vegetables or fruits. - [Wash fruits and vegetables] - Avoiding washing your fruits and vegetables can cause very serious illnesses because of all the germs that can come with it. Remember, it comes from farms with soil and insects - you wouldn't want a worm in your spinach. - [Cook food to the correct temperature] - Foods that are undercooked, especially meats can cause food poisoning to the people that eat it. Under-cooked meats can also cause various illnesses that is usually very dangerous. When cooking food, one of the reasons we do is to kill those bacteria that the raw food comes with. - [Keep food away from insects and pests] - This speaks for itself. Insects come with many germs and bacteria that's being carried around and passed from one surface to anther and then to your food. It is important to always cover the food and keep it somewhere where insects and pests cannot have access to. Which is also why you need to keep surfaces clean to not attract them [Food Labels] All food products that are bought have food labels at the back of the package. These food [labels tell you what ingredients and nutrients are in the food]. The label can help you choose between products and help you keep an eye on the amount of fat, salt and sugar you eat. The nutritional information is usually 100g per serving. [People read these nutritional labels to try and create a more balanced diet] for themselves. They also have the list of ingredients which can help you figure out how healthy the food is for you. In many snack packets or cheap products, there are many ingredients that you cannot just find in the shops. These ingredients are usually harmful for the body if you eat too much of it so it should be eaten moderately. Below is a nutritional label for a pack of Oreos. Read it and answer the questions that follow.  **[Activity 7: Food Preparation, Storage and Labels]** 1. What is the amount of the following as shown in the label: a. Calories: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ b. Saturated fats: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ c. Sugar: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ d. Sodium: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ e. Potassium: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Write 3 ingredients that are shown of the food label. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. **Fill in the Blank**: Fill in the blank with the correct words. 1. Washing your \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ regularly can limit bacteria and germ exposure to food. 2. Store food that can be destroyed by ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** in the fridge. 3. Keep raw foods like ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***, fish, and chicken away from each other. 4. Use separate ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** boards to prevent meats from contaminating vegetables. 5. Cook food to the correct ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** to avoid food poisoning. **Word bank**: temperature, chopping, heat, hands, meat 4. **Multiple Choice Questions**: Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question. a. What should you do before handling food? - a\) Wash your clothes - b\) Wash your hands - c\) Wash your hair - d\) Brush your teeth b. Why should raw meats be stored separately from other foods? - a\) To save space - b\) To avoid cross-contamination - c\) To keep them cold - d\) To make them look nice c. Where should you store food that can be destroyed by heat? - a\) On the counter - b\) In the pantry - c\) In the fridge - d\) In the oven d. What happens if you don't wash fruits and vegetables? - a\) They become sweeter - b\) They may cause illnesses - c\) They stay fresh longer - d\) They taste better e. Why should food be cooked to the correct temperature? - a\) To make it crunchy - b\) To make it colourful - c\) To kill bacteria - d\) To keep it hot 5. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is it important to wash your hands before preparing food? 2. Describe one way to prevent insects from getting into your food. 3. Explain why it is necessary to cook meats to the correct temperature. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ***[Constitutional Rights and Responsibilities:]*** ***[Nation Building and Cultural Heritage]*** South Africa is made up of different cultural groups and its important to learn about these groups and respect each one. [Culture] What is culture? [Culture is a set of ideas, traditions and behaviour]. It includes the way you are educated, the history you are taught, the religion you practice and the way you express yourself through language, dance, music, art and food. [Cultural diversity is when there are many different cultures living in the same place]. South Africa is made up of many different cultural groups because of people moving to South Africa from different parts of the world. It is also a country full of different languages, and traditions. It is called the \"[Rainbow Nation\" because many groups of people live there, and each group has its own special customs]. There are 11 official languages in South Africa. Festivals and celebrations are very important in South Africa. Events like Heritage Day show off traditional music, dance, and food from different cultures and communities. The country\'s history is very interesting, and visitors can enjoy this heritage through art, storytelling, and tasty foods that tell the story of South Africa\'s diverse past. [National Symbols] [The Flag:] South Africa's flag is the most colourful flag in the world. It has 6 colours and each of them has its own meaning. Red Symbolises the bloodshed and sacrifices in South Africa's struggle to become independent. ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- White Stands for Europeans in the country and peace and harmony between all cultures in South Africa. Green Represents the fertility of South African soil. Yellow/gold Stands for the minerals and other natural wealth of South Africa. Black Represents the indigenous people of South Africa. Blue Stands for the skies and the endless opportunities for all South Africans The Y Stands for the convergence of diverse cultures in South Africa and the way forward that is taken as a unit. Colour in the flag below.  [The National Symbols:] National Animal: Springbok  National Flower: King Protea National Fish: Galjoen National Bird: Blue Crane National Tree: Yellowwood [The National Coat of Arms] The motto of the [Coat of Arms is in the Khoisan language] of the /Xam people, and it [means 'diverse people unite' or 'people who join together differently'.] This call is for each of us to create a sense of belonging to all South Africans and a sense of pride in our country. In addition, we must respect and maintain the differences of cultures from all over Africa and the world. We celebrate the things that make us South Africa - our national symbols, our sports teams and heroes, our environment, our leaders and each other - and we respect the things that make us unique.  [The National Anthem: ] Nkosi Sikelel\' iAfrika [National Days] National days are a way of nation-building. Nation-building takes place when everyone works together to create a sense of a nation and build a better country together. The table below shows the national days celebrated in South Africa. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Human Rights | March 21 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Freedom Day | April 27 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Workers\' Day | May 1 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Youth Day | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Heritage Day | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ Day of Atonement December 16 -------------------- ------------- -- Nelson Mandela Day July 18 Women\'s Day August 9 **[Activity 8: National Symbols]** 1. Name the following national symbols of South Africa f. National bird: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ g. National flower: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ h. National fish: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ i. National tree: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ j. National animal: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Fit the meaning of each color in the flag in column B to the color in column A. Column A Answers A-H Column B ----- ---------- ------------- --- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 Black A Represents the fertility of South African soil 2.2 White B Stands for the skies and the endless opportunities for all South Africans 2.3 Red C Stands for the minerals and other natural wealth of South Africa 2.4 Blue D Represents the indigenous people of South Africa 2.5 The Y E Symbolizes the bloodshed and sacrifices in South Africa's struggle to become independent. 2.6 Yellow F Stands for peace and harmony between all cultures in South Africa 2.7 Green G Stands for the convergence of diverse cultures in South African and the way forward that is undertaken as a unit.  3. Label the Coat of Arms Secretary bird ---------------------- Rising sun Motto Elephant tusks Shield Figures Protea Ears of wheat Spear and Knobkierie **[Assignment 1: National Days Poster]** Design and make a poster that deals with any of the National Days listed on pages 25-26 Your teacher will give your paper to make your poster. Remember to put the following information on the poster: - The date of the national day - The name of the national day - Why is it known as a national day? - Pictures **Submission date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** Your teacher will use the following criteria to assess you. **Criteria** **Marks** --------------------------------------------- ----------- Is it a national day? /2 All the information needed is on the poster /5 Relevant pictures and drawings are used /4 Is the poster designed well? (layout) /4 Is the poster neat? /3 Handed in on time /2 **Total** **/20**  ***[World of Work:]*** ***[History of Money]*** [History of Money] Money, in some form, has been part of human history for the past 3000 years. Before then, it was assumed that a system of exchange trading was likely used. [Exchange trade is an exchange system where goods or services are exchanged directly for other goods or services without using money. ] [Forms of Money:] [9000 - 6000 BC.: Livestock ] Livestock, which throughout history and around the world included not only cows but also sheep, camels and other livestock, it is the first and oldest form of money. [1200 BC.: Cowrie Shells ] The first use of cowries, the shells of mollusks which were wildly available in the shallow waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans, was in China. Historically many societies have used the shells as money, and the shells were even used in some parts of Africa. The cowrie is the widest and most wildly used currency in history. [1000 BC.: First metal money and coins ] Bronze and copper cowrie imitations were manufactured by China at the end of the Stone Age and may be considered some of the earliest forms of metal coins. These early versions of metal money evolved into latest versions of round coins. Chinese coins are made of basic metals, which often contain holes, so they can be joined together as a chain. [118 BC.: Leather money ] The first known paper bank notes were made in China. In total, China has experienced more than 500 years of early paper money, stretching from the 9th to the 15th century. Over this, paper notes in production grew to the point that the value dropped rapidly, and inflation rose. Then, in early 1455, the use of paper money in China disappeared for several 100 years. It was still many years before paper money was to reappear in Europe. [ ] [806: Paper as currency ] The first known paper banknotes were made in China. In total, China has experienced more than 500 years of early paper money, stretching from the 9th to the 15th century. Over this period, paper notes in production grew to a point that their value dropped rapidly, and inflation rose. Then in the early 1455, the use of paper money in China disappeared for several hundred years. It was still many years before paper money was to reappear in Europe. [Today: ] In today\'s time, the currency continues to change and develop. Paper money as well as coins are used in everyday life to buy products such as bread. Debit and credit cards are used to buy products and pay for services. Card transactions are immediate and do not require physical cash to be present. [The future: Electronic money ] In our digital age, economic [transactions occur electronically] without the exchange of any physical money. Digital cash is likely to continue to be the currency of the future. Examples of electronic money include internet banking as well as banking on a phone or tablet. [Role of money in everyday life.] Money is a big part of everyday life. Without money, you will not be able to meet your basic needs. You are not going to be able to afford things like food or clothes. By earning a lot of money, you secure your own financial freedom. Financial freedom gives you the opportunity to choose where you want to stay and how you want to live. We usually spend our money on food, clothes, our homes, ourselves as well as our loved ones. Working hard and getting a good salary ensures your financial freedom. [Forms of Payment:] Promissory Note **A promissory note is a note to which one person (payer) promises in writing to pay money to the other person (payee) on a stipulated date.** **A promissory note is also called IOU which stands for "I Owe You".** **Bartering** **As societies developed and started to travel, people started to specialize in the production of specific goods and foods. They realized that people in other areas had items they needed or wanted. A system of** trade **developed, where personal possessions of value could be exchanged for other goods. This kind of exchange dates to 9000-6000 BC and is still in use today. The first people in the world didn't buy goods from other people with money. They bartered with each other.** - Disadvantages of bartering: ** It was not always practical.** ** It was difficult to find what you wanted or needed.** ** Goods were difficult to carry or to transport.** ** There is no common measure of value.** ** Certain goods can't be divided into smaller units.** ** No late payments can be allowed.** ** Storing goods is difficult.** ** It was difficult to work out the real value of the items because people attached** **different values to different items.** **[Activity 9: History of Money]** **Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words.** 1. **Before money, people used a system called *\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* to exchange goods and services.** 2. **The first form of money was *\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, which included cows and sheep.** 3. ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* shells were one of the earliest forms of currency used in China.** 4. **The first metal money was made from *\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* and copper.** 5. **Today, people often use *\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* and credit cards for transactions.** **Word Bank: Cowrie, Livestock, Bartering, Debit, Metal** **Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question.** 1. **What is the oldest form of money?** - **a) Paper** - **b) Livestock** - **c) Coins** - **d) Shells** 2. **Which country first used paper as a form of currency?** - **a) India** - **b) China** - **c) Egypt** - **d) Greece** 3. **What is a disadvantage of bartering?** - **a) Easy to carry goods** - **b) Common measure of value** - **c) Difficult to find what you want** - **d) Exact value known** 4. **What is a promissory note also called?** - **a) I Owe You (IOU)** - **b) Loan** - **c) Receipt** - **d) Bill** 5. **Which of the following is an example of electronic money?** - **a) Coins** - **b) Cowrie shells** - **c) Internet banking** - **d) Bartering** **Answer the following questions:** 1. **Why do you think people started to use money instead of bartering?** 2. **How do debit and credit cards make buying things easier today?** 3. **What do you think will be the future of money? Why?** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** [END OF PSW TERM 1]